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미국 군인에게 수여된 대한민국 태극무공훈장 분석: 미국 명예훈장과 비교를 중심으로
나종남(Jongnam Na) 한국아메리카학회 2021 美國學論集 Vol.53 No.1
This paper analyzes Republic of Korea(ROK) s records of the Taegeuk Military Merit awarded to American soldiers for the first twenty-five years since the medal was introduced. Specifically, it examines the criteria that ROK government considered to award the highest medal to American soldiers, and analyzes how the criteria differed from those applied to Korean soldiers. In addition, comparing these with the criteria of awarding the Medal of Honor awarded by the US government to its own soldiers, this paper examines the differences between the two countries’ military medal systems. According to official records on the highest medal from two governments, American Medal of Honors were awarded to United States soldiers who made achievement through heroic combat actions or who showed a sublime spirit of sacrifice regardless of their rank. On the other hand, most of Korean Taegeuk Military Merit were given to American soldiers based on their ranks and positions, without considering their combat achievement and/or sacrifice.
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나종남(Jongnam Na) 한국아메리카학회 2013 美國學論集 Vol.45 No.2
This paper deals with the final stages of Operation Desert Storm during the Gulf War(1990~1991), focusing on the Coalition Forces' joint operations and combined operations. Since the early 1990s, Operation Desert Storm has been known as the most advanced and superbly organized military operation in the history of warfare. And military historians concluded that the success of Operation Desert Storm was the outcome of the accumulated efforts of US military in the pervious several decades. The actual outcomes of Operation Desert Storm, however, were quite different from what has been known since the war ended. According to various sources from the inside of each service and veterans who participated in the operations, there were lots of puzzles in the final stage of Operation Desert Storm, and the existed stories should be checked with reliable sources. And, more than anything else, two-thirds of the Republic Guard, Iraqi Army, escaped from Kuwait successfully before the coalition forces close the encirclement gap. They were able to survive from turmoils because of the unexpected problems in joint operations between US troops and Arab forces and troubled combined operations between air forces and ground troops. While tracing the detail stories of the final stage of the Gulf War, this paper tries to suggest a new perspective on what exactly happened and why the coalition forces were not able to destroy the Republican Guard successfully.
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Making "a Small American Army" : Founding of the ROK Military Forces, 1945-1948
Jongnam Na(나종남) 고려대학교 일민국제관계연구원 2009 국제관계연구 Vol.14 No.1
이 글은 한국군의 창군 과정에서 미국 육군의 교리와 전술, 군대문화가 한국군 내부에 흡수되는 과정을 미국화의 측면에서 분석하였다. 지난 60여 년간 한반도의 냉전 전선에서 '자유민주주의의 보루(堡壘)' 역할을 성공적으로 수행하고 있는 한국군은 1946년 초에 미 군정사령부가 시행한 뱀부 계획(the Bamboo Plan)을 계기로 출범하였다. 그런데 뱀부 계획은 그 시작부터 많은 난관에 부딪쳤다. 우선 미 군정이 신생 한국군의 성장과 발전에 대한 명확한 지침을 가지고 있지 않았다. 게다가 한국군에 미국 군대의 교리와 문화를 주입하려던 미국 군사고문 관들과 달리, 한국군 장교와 지휘관들은 자신들에 익숙한 동양의 군대문화를 부활시키려 하였다. 이 외에도 창군 초기 한국군은 미국 정부의 무관심을 인해 한반도의 공산주의 팽창에 대응할 수 있는 장비 및 물자가 크게 부족했다. 하지만 한국군을 창설하는 과정에 참여한 한국과 미국의 군인들은 온갖 어려움 속에서도 협조와 공동의 노력을 통해서 뱀부 계획을 완성하였다. 문화적 차이나 장비와 물자 부족에도 불구하고 한국과 미국의 군인들은 한반도에서 빠른 속도로 팽창하던 공산주의에 대응하기 위해서 협력하였던 것이다. 특히 한ㆍ미간의 공조는 1950년 6월에 공산주의 세력이 한국전쟁을 일으킨 이후 더욱 견고 해졌다. 이 논문은 또한 냉전 초기의 격랑 속에서 한국군을 조직하고 훈련시켰고, 이를 통해서 한국을 사수하는 과정에 한국과 미국의 군인들이 발전시킨 특별한 관계, 즉 '혈맹(cemented in blood)' 관계를 밝혀냈다. 이 관계야말로 냉전 기간 내내 한국군이 부여받은 '자유민주주의를 사수하는 보루’의 역할을 수행 할 수 있는 근간이 되었다. This paper deals with the founding process of the ROK Army from the perspective of Americanization in military, meaning the ROK Army's introduction to the U.S. Army's models including training, tactics, professionalism, and military culture. The military founding in South Korea, the Bamboo Plan, began as a Cold War project. Soon after the Japanese surrender in August 1945, American troops hurried into the Korean Peninsula and a small number of American officers worked for creation of this indigenous troop while taking charge of organizing, recruiting, training, feeding, and even teaching English to Koreans. The Bamboo Plan, however, encountered many difficulties between American advisors and Korean advisee from the start such as language barriers and racial prejudices. Furthermore, the U.S. government was generally indifferent toward this military force, leading to a lack of the material support that would have made an inherently difficult relationship easier. The difficulties, nevertheless, were overcome by the US-ROK joint efforts to make their co-project successful. The joint efforts were possible in spite of the different expectations on the ROK Army, because they firmly shared the common interests to block the Communists' expansion in East Asia and to secure the ROK in particular. While defending the ROK firmly, Americans and Koreans in uniform have succeeded to continue to uphold their special relationship, or the so-called US-ROK partnership "cemented in blood." This special partnership became the cornerstone of the ROK military' s mission, a bulwark of liberal democracy, during the entire Cold War era.
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