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박종기(Park, Jong-Ki) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.4
China"s opening up policy has proven to be quite successful. Today, China is the world"s largest urban nation. According to China"s National Bureau Statistics, China"s urbanization rate has increased from 20 percent in 1980 to more than 50 percent in the current year. More than half of China"s population resides in cities. This urbanization rate is expected to reach up to 70 percent by 2030. Primarily, a "selection and concentration strategy" in urban planning policy has driven the excessively rapid urban development and has resulted in urbanization on a massive scale. However, such policy gave rise to various urban problems, which should be examined carefully in terms of social, physical and environmental impact that stems from the urbanization process. These urban problems have become a major global issue. Therefore, this study intends to review the urbanization process and characteristics, urban policy and urban problems in China. Moreover, the study aims to suggest a new urban policy in order to reduce urban problems. The study consists of five sections. The first section briefly reviews the relationship between growth of population and urbanization rate. The second section explores the administrative system and the types of cities as well as the urban policy in China. The third section describes some of the positive and negative consequences of China"s urban development. The fourth section examines China"s urban problems. The fifth section provides some suggestions on the urban policy to reduce urban problems.
박종기(Park, Jong-ki) 한국역사연구회 2012 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.84
「Dong‘hyeon Sa’ryak」, compiled by Gweon Geun, is a history book which contains the chronicled lives of 24 people, who lived through a time period when Goryeo was under the Mongol Yuan empire’s political influence and intervention. Its overall format resembles that of the Biography section of Goryeo-sa , which was the official History of the Goryeo dynasty. It seems like this 「Dong‘hyeon Sa’ryak」was published in order to supplement and assist another history book which was being compiled at the same time, which was named Goryeo Guksa and was in dire need of more sections dedicated to the people’s biographies. In the early days of the Joseon dynasty, Gweon Geun was one of the most renowned and representative historians and Neo-Confucian scholars, and quite naturally had a strict Neo-Confucian historical view. Then again, interestingly enough Gweon Geun tried to decorate his own house and the social class he belonged to through this 「Dong‘hyeon Sa’ryak」. Therefore, the historical view and attitude in 「Dong‘hyeon Sa’ryak」’s writing reveals another aspect of the early Joseon historical writing, in which we have generally believed that the Neo-Confucian historical perspective was the only thing that was emphasized and pursued. It urges us to reexamine Gweon Geun’s historical perspective and writing, and open up new studies concerning the early Joseon historical compilations.
원 간섭기 김취려상(金就礪像)의 형성과 당대사(當代史) 연구
박종기 ( Jong Ki Park ) 한국사상사학회 2012 韓國思想史學 Vol.0 No.41
김취려는 13세기 전반 거란군을 격퇴하여 몽골과 형제맹약을 맺은 주역이다. 이러한 金就礪像은 원 간섭기인 14세기 전반에 형성되었으며, 오늘날까지도 그대로 수용되고 있다. 김취려가 새롭게 주목을 받아, 재평가를 받게 된 것은 원 간섭기 원나라와 고려가 각각 천자와 제후라는 관계로 발전하고 그에 따른 역사학의 변화에 따른 것이다. 두 나라 지배층은 두 나라 관계가 시작된 형제맹약과 그 이후 14세기 전반까지 약 백년간의 역사에 주목하고 그에 관한 역사연구, 즉 당대사 연구가 성행한다. 특히 김취려의 군사 활동과 함께 그를 재평가한 이제현의 「행군기」는 이러한 시대분위기 속에서 편찬되었으며, 김취려상은 이때 형성된다. Kim Chwi-ryeo(1172~1234.AD) played a leading role in repelling Khitan`s invasion to Goryeo and contracting the treaty of brothership between Goryeo and Mongol in the early 13th century. The image of Kim Chwi-ryeo like this was formed in the early 14th century by Lee Je-hyeon(1287~1367.AD)`s history book, 「Haenggungi(行軍記)」, and this image is judged conclusive today. Lee Je-hyeon revaluated Kim Chwi-ryeo in his history book. The background of revaluation was the change of the relations between Goryeo and Mongol and the change of historiography of Goryeo dynasty. The ruling class of two dynasty in the early 14th century began to recognize the origin of the relations between Goryeo and Mongol, and began to notice the importance of the treaty of brothership between Goryeo and Mongol at 1219.AD. The historians of Goryeo dynasty began to revaluate the role of Kim Chwi-ryeo in contracting the treaty of brothership between Goryeo and Mongol. Lee Je-hyeon who was the representative historian of Goryeo dynasty wrote the history book, 「Haenggungi(行軍記)」 to revaluate Kim Chwi-ryeo at 1325.AD. The new image of Kim Chwi-ryeo was formed in his history book for the first time.