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A Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on Ionogel/Textile for Human Motion Monitoring
Yu Dong,Qiujin Li,Zhiqi Zhao,Jixian Gong,Zheng Li,Jianfei Zhang 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.8
The growth of flexible sensors has always been challenging since the sensing behavior, mechanic performance andfatigue resistance remain to be improved. In this paper, a wearable pressure sensor with fast response and high sensitivitybased on ionogel/textile is fabricated. The ionogel is a double-network (DN) structure composed of polydimethylacrylamide(PDMAAm) skeleton and silica particles, carrying ionic liquids (ILs), which serves as a piezoresistive device. Byimpregnating and polymerization with the ionogel-prepolymer solution, a conventional cotton knitted fabric is converted intoa conductive and piezoresistive composite. The fabric serves as a ductile supporting matrix for the ionogel, supplementing thepiezoresistive contribution of the brittle silica network. This ionogel/textile composite has a high sensitivity (S=86.90 kPa-1)and durability, continuously outputting stable electric signal during monitoring the motion states of different joints in humanbody. Through the impregnation-polymerization approach, the selected areas toward to the specific joints positions inclothing can be fabricated into piezoresistive devices. The incorporation of textile improves the stress loading and sensingbehavior of the ionogel to work steadily under the sole of the foot for gait monitoring. This ionogel/textile device provides apotential formula of wearable sensors, stepping toward the burgeoning diversified-technologies assisted intelligence system.
Parametric Design and Performance Characteristic of Isometric Curved Bar Plate Based on SEL and SSL
Huan Liu,Jixian Dong,Chuanwu Duan,Ruifan Yang,Xiya Guo,Bo Wang,Kai Qi,Lijie Qiao,Sha Wang 한국펄프·종이공학회 2019 펄프.종이기술 Vol.51 No.5
Curved bar plate is common used in the pulp refining, but its design method is rather vague due it complex shape. A design method of isometric curved bar plate using two main parameters, the starting point and bar angle of central curve, was proposed in this paper and the calculation of characterization parameters of specific edge load (SEL) and specific surface load (SSL) was described. Isometric curved bar plates designed by two methods, one with fixed starting point and various bar angles and another with fixed bar angle and various starting points, were analyzed by characterization parameters of SEL and SSL. It would be expected to design isometric curved bar plate by the first method and the SEL would be a useful refining intensity to measure it in actual refining, however, the refining characteristics of different isometric curved bar plates should be further studied. The study on the design of isometric curved bar plate would be conductive to the research of curved bar plate and rapid design of it.
Characterization of the Parameters for the Refining Intensity in Terms of Performance
Huan Liu,Jixian Dong,Hui Jing,Xiya Guo,Lijie Qiao 한국펄프·종이공학회 2019 펄프.종이기술 Vol.51 No.2
Refining intensity is typically used to measure the efficiency of refining in the pulp and paper industry, and the refining intensity is difficult to analyze due to the various parameters influencing it. In this paper, the previously published refining intensities of a disc refiner were analyzed, and the characterization parameters were proposed. Based on the bar interactions, the refining intensity was established using theoretical derivation. The cut edge length (CEL), the CEL-based characterization parameters and bar interactions (BI) characterization parameters were used to show that the CEL directly reflected the number of bar interaction points, but it had no direct relationship with the bar interaction area (BIA) and bar interaction length (BIL). By analyzing the relationship between the different refining intensities and the properties of the fibers or pulp, it could be concluded that the specific refining energy (SRE) better reflected the variations in the beating degree of the pulp during the refining process compared with the specific surface load (SSL) and BI-based refining intensities. Also, the intensity based on the bar interaction length (BIL) can better characterize the changes in the average fiber length. However, all the intensities analyzed in this paper do not comprehensively describe the refining process and cannot predict all the parameters of the pulp and fibers but only partly characterize their properties. Therefore, further studies are required to establish a more comprehensive and precise measure of refining intensity.
No-Load Power of Disc Refiner in Low Consistency Refining
Huan LIU,Jixian DONG,Xiya GUO,Bo Wang,Qiao Lijie,Chuanwu DUAN,Kai QI,Lingbo Kong 한국펄프·종이공학회 2020 펄프.종이기술 Vol.52 No.2
Disc refiner is the key equipment in pulping and papermaking process, and the no-load power of disc refiner will directly affect the refining efficiency. So the refining efficiency and energy saving of the refining process will be promoted through theoretical and experimental study on it. In this paper, the measurement and the theoretical calculation method of the no-load power of disc refiner in low consistency refining were summarized. And the effects of pulp properties, control parameters and bar parameters of refining plate on no-load power were analyzed. The main research direction of the no-load power of disc refiner was proposed which has a positive significance on energy saving and pulp quality improvements of refining process.
( Xiya Guo ),( Jixian Dong ),( Huan Liu ),( Chuanwu Duan ),( Ruifan Yang ),( Kai Qi ) 한국목재공학회 2020 목재공학 Vol.48 No.5
Pulp refining is the major way to alter the properties of fibers and formed paper. Different combinations of the bar profile of the rotor and stator during low consistency refining processes directly affect the properties of the paper. In this study, a mixture of softwood and hardwood pulp was refined by varying the bar angle of the stator while that of the rotor is fixed at 0°. The pulp samples were collected at different refining times. Then, the pulp and paper properties, such as beating degree, fiber external fibrillation, and tensile and tear indexes were measured to explore the effects of the combined refining plates at different bar angles on paper properties. The results of the experiment show that the combined refining plate of 0° and 5° recorded the most significant improvement in the pulp beating degree and fiber external fibrillation. This consequently increased the fiber bonding area, which in turn, improved both the tensile and the tear indexes of the paper. Also, the influence of the combined refining plates with a larger bar angle on the paper properties was weaker compared to that of smaller angles. This study not only provides ideas for the bar profile design but also improves the optimal selection of refining plates.
Thermodynamic Analysis on Heat Recovery System of Hermetic Gas Hood for Paper Machine
Yan Yan,Dong Jixian 한국펄프·종이공학회 2020 펄프.종이기술 Vol.52 No.2
The working condition of hot air exchange system dramatically affects the operational status of the paper machine dryer, energy saving efficiency and paper quality of dryer section. After analyzing the heat recovery method and energy-saving effect of the closed air hood, it is found that the current process is limited by the design of the heat exchanger and the control system, and usually the preheated fresh air in the first-stage heat recovery device only recovers the sensible heat in the exhaust air of the air hood. Therefore, the common heat recovery process has been adjusted in this paper. The fresh air is firstly heated by latent heat with relatively low temperature in the exhaust gas, and then the sensible heat with relatively high temperature in the exhaust gas is recovered. The energy saving effect is calculated through an example. The calculation results show that this process can save about 20% energy compared with the original process.
Refining Characteristics of Hardwood Pulp Using Straight- and Curved-bar Plates: A Time Series Study
Huan Liu,Jixian Dong,Xiaojun Jiang,Chong Luo,Xiaohui Tian,Ruifang Yang,Litao Zhang,Bo Wang,Yan Yan 한국펄프·종이공학회 2019 펄프.종이기술 Vol.51 No.5
There are obvious differences in the refining characteristics of plates with straight bars compared to curved bar plates having the same bar parameters during refining. The objective of this research is to explore the difference in the refining characteristics of the straight bar and curved bar plates on experimental and theoretical studies. The bar angle of the curved bar plate is defined, and the two plates are used in the refining of bleached sulphate eucalyptus pulp (BSEP). Samples at different refining times were collected, and the properties of the fibers, pulp, and paper were detected and analyzed. It was found that the curved bar and straight bar plates have a similar influence on the pulp SR freeness. However, the curved bar plate effectively retained the fiber length, which means that its fiber cutting effect is weaker than that of the straight bar plate. Meanwhile, the fiber external fibrillation of the samples refined by the curved bar plate was better than that of the samples refined by the straight bar, which showed a higher tensile and tear index of the formed paper. Through the theoretical analysis of refining intensity via characterization of the parameter bar edge length (BEL), the specific edge load (SEL) of the curved bar plate was lower, and the refining characteristics predicted by the refining intensity were similar to the results from the experiments conducted in this paper.