Effects of biochar addition on CO2 and N2O emissions following fertilizer application to a cultivated grassland soil

Jing Jing Chen 경희대학교 2014 국내석사

Stability of biochars added to soils is known as having climate change mitigation potential. The carbon sequestration potential of biochar should be considered together with emission of greenhouse gases when applied to soils. This study aims at investigating CO2 and N2O emissions following the application of rice husk biochars to the cultivated grassland soils. The treatments included biochar addition and fertilization (COMPOST, UREA, NO FERT). The biochar application rates were 0 % and 0.3 % by weight. In terms of the basic physical and chemical effects after biochar and fertilizer addition to soil, application of biochar decreased soil bulk density by 4.84 % and increased WFPS by 8.42 %. On the other hand, there was no biochar effect on soil pH and CEC. Biochar addition had enhanced soil C concentration by 139.28 % after 19 months after biochar was first applied. For the gas analysis, the temporal pattern of CO2 emissions differed by fertilization and biochar addition. The CO2 emissions were significantly higher in the COMPOST than UREA and NO FERT soils. Less CO2 emission was observed when biochar and compost were applied together. On the other hand, the average of N2O emission throughout the sampling dates was higher in the biochar added soil by 49 % than the soil without biochar in the UREA soil. We tried to find the explanation for higher N2O emissions in the biochar treatment of the UREA soil by investigating N mass balance, calculation of N mass balance showed that the less N leaching was found in the UREA soil with biochar addition. This indicates that there is higher potential of ammonium holding in the biochar amended soil. In this treatment higher microbial activity and microbial biomass C were also observed confirming the idea that biochar addition to the UREA treated soil stimulated soil microbial community, resulting in higher N2O emissions. While in the COMPOST soil, biochar addition did not change N2O emission. Overall results implied that biochar addition might stimulate nitrogen transformations when the urea was applied together, hence care must be taken when biochar is applied to soil with nitrogen fertilizer.

Potential Catastrophes beneath Asia’s Growth : Sociological Approach and Economic Study

Jing Jing 고려대학교 국제대학원 2005 국내석사

In the past fifty years, and particularly during the last two decades, Asian economies are well known for their remarkable growth and even regarded as “economic myth” in the world. However, Asia now needs to retrospect on its economic achievement with broader horizon and deeper insight. More and more evidences tell that there is going to be some risks coming from beyond the economic fields, and would probably undermine the economic prospects of these Asian developing countries in the coming years. Among those risks, the social catastrophes, which may befall in the form of natural disaster and epidemic disease, pose the most serious threat. In principle, some causes could be found to explain why there is a higher possibility of the disasters in Asia and why many Asia countries are more vulnerable to these catastrophes. Moreover, the experience in recent years has gradually validated the theoretical supposition. We should cautiously deal with the high risks because the macroeconomic outlook could be inevitably damaged by the possible catastrophes. In general, we should turn the negative notion of “disaster relief” to the positive concept of “disaster management”. The simple change in the terminology means that diverse actors in our society need to play more effective roles in the process.

한 · 중 인터넷 쇼핑몰 기업의 해외진출 방안에 관한 연구

Zou, Jing Jing 제주대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

In the 21st century, the innovative developmeat of information technologyand the rapid development of internet technology are in particular. AlthoughChina is sIowct in entering the econunerce market than Korea, but China isthe fastest growing country in the world, and Korea is also maturing with itsIntenet pendration rate reaching 98%. As a result many businesses andprivate operators in both countries are eager to generate profits throughe-conunerce.Against this backdrop, this paper compared the two leading ecommerceplatforms in Korea and China and analyzed their strengths and weaknesses,opportunities and threatness. Through these efforts, companies seeking toenter the new e commerce maricet expect to adapt more quickly to the ecommerce market increase competitiveness,and play a positive role innational development. This paper is intended to compare the electronic commerce between Chinaand Korea This thesis is based on the literature Study Act, the ComparativeAnalysis and the Case Analysis Act Based on tiie literatures that have beenstudied, we compared Koreafs G Maricet and China^ Taobao through aSWOT and 4P analysis, and analyzed the platforms and operations of the twocompanies through Internet homepage comparison.Finally, comparing the two leading ecommerce platforms of both countries,the following results were obtained. The current performance of ecommercehas exceeded the size of existing shopping malls, which means that thecurrent ecommerce growth trend has already reached maturity. Secondly,while Korea focuses on day-to-day deliveiy in the shipping sector,China has a wide territory, so there is a room where the logistics systemis not yet complete. Therefore, China should woiic harder to improve itslogistics system. Thirdly, Taobao gained customer trust through zhifubaoservice. But G-Mariket has not yet had a complete and simple paymentmahod. Therefore, G-Market should woik harder to secure reliable paymentmothods

시간적 간격이 소비자 태도에 미치는 영향 : 광고소구 유형의 조절효과를 중심으로

Li Jing Jing 인제대학교 2010 국내석사

This study intented to examine the influence of temporal distance on consumer attitude and moderating role of advertising appeal type to the consumer attitude. For this purpose we reviewed the existing papers about influence of temporal distance and advertising appeal type on consumer attitude. Then we established research model and hypotheses, and tested them with experiment. Experiment design was established with 2x2 by temporal distance and advertising appeal type between subjects factorial design. The results were as follows; First, temporal distance influenced on consumer attitude. Primary effect that consumers intend to like near case more than remote case was verified. Second, if temporal distance would be, the difference of consumer attitude would be revealed according to advertising type-cognitive and affective advertising. Such results would help to solve the problem to decide to choose the advertising appeal type in case of running the product with temporal distance. 본 연구는 시간적 간격이 소비자의 태도에 영향을 미칠 때, 광고소구 유형의 조절효과를 밝히고자 하였다. 곧 광고소구 유형에 따라 시간적 간격이 소비자 태도에 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 시간적 간격이 소비자태도에 미치는 영향과 광고소구 유형이 소비자태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 선행연구들을 살펴 연구모형을 만들고, 가설을 검정하기 위해 실험을 행하였다. 실험설계는 시간적 간격(가까운 미래/먼 미래), 광고 소구유형(감성적/이성적)의 2×2 집단간 설계 (between subjects factorial design)의 형식을 취하였다. 시간적 간격은 소비자의 태도에 영향을 주는데, 소비자는 가까운 경우를 먼 경우보다 더 좋아하고자 하는 의향이 있다는 주 효과가 검증되었다. 시간적 간격이 존재하는 상황이라 하더라도 광고 소구유형에 따라 이성적 광고와 감성적 광고의 소비자 태도에 차이가 있었다. 소비자들은 시간적 간격이 가까울 때 소비자 태도가 좋게 나타나고 있다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 기업들이 시간적 간격이 있는 제품의 광고를 수행할 때 시간적 간격에 따른 광고소구유형을 선택 하는 문제를 해결하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Comparison of Capsaicinoids Contents and Anti-Obesity Effects between Capsicum Oleoresin and Hot : Comparison of Capsaicinoids Contents and Anti-Obesity Effects between Capsicum Oleoresin and Hot

Qi Jing 인제대학교 2011 국내석사

ABSTRACT Comparison of Capsaicinoids Contents and Anti-Obesity Effects between Capsicum Oleoresin and Hot Chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) Qi Jing (Advisor: Prof. Gap-Soon Moon, Ph.D) Department of Smart Food and Drug Graduate School, Inje University Appling spicy red pepper to Korean cuisine is very unique to Korean food culture. Korean people like to enjoy hot taste in their food such as Kimchi, Tukppoki and Bibimbap. Traditionally Chungyang gochu (very spicy variety of chili) is used for hot taste. Capsaicin is a pungent principle of hot chilies. Recently, imported capsicum oleoresin is widely used in Korean market, because of its cheap price and more spicy taste compared with natural Chungyang gochu. The effects of capsaicin on lipid metabolism have received much attention, because it increases energy expenditure and decreases the accumulation of body fat for laboratory animals and also in humans. In this study, we compared the capsaicinoids contents and anti-obesity effects between Korean hot chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) and imported capsicum oleoresin which is the commercially available concentrated spicy seasoning recently popular in Korean. The ultrasonic extraction technology was employed to extract capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin from the fruit of hot chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) and capsicum oleoresin. The capsaicinoids contents were analyzed by HPLC with UV detection and using a Dionex C18 (4.6mm x150mm 5?m) column. The capsaicinoids contents in capsicum oleoresin and Jangsu chilies are 12.54?0.32mg/g and 2.51?0.16mg/g, respectively. The ratio of capsaicin from total capsaicinoids in capsicum oleoresin and Jangsu chilies are 48.25% and 71.31%, respectively. The higher ratio of dihydrocapsaicin in capsicum oleoresin is contrary to most of natural hot chilies. When compare the apoptotic possibility of capsicin and the dihydrocapsaicin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, dihydrocapsaicin showed more efficiency than capsicin, though both of them induced apoptosis effectively in the cells. In the case of Jangsu chili and capsicum oleoresin, capsicum oleoresin showed more apoptotic possibility than Jangsu chilies when applied same equivalent content of capsaicinoids. When tested the same content of capsicin and the dihydrocapsaicin, Jangsu chilies and capsicum oleoresin to the 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, the same pattern of apoptotic possibilities were obtained. To investigate the effect of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin on inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, capsaicin showed higher effect than dihydrocapsaicin. At the content of 25 and 100 ?M, capsaicin significantly blocked the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, thus the intracellular lipid droplets were remarkably decreased. When compared with the Jangsu chili and the capsicum oleoresin in the same equivalent content of capsaicinoids, Jangsu chili showed more capacity on blocking the adipogenesis during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation than capsicum oleoresin at 5-25?M. In the case of capsicum oleoresin, triglyceride content increased according to their concentration. When compared the expression of adiponectin protein release from the 3T3-L1 mature cells, both of capsicum oleoresin and Jangsu chilies significantly enhanced the expression of adiponectin protein release at 5-25?M, Jangsu chilies showed more capacity than capsicum oleoresin. In conclusion, even though imported capsicum oleoresin is several times more spicy than natural Chungyang gochu, natural chili showed more possibility in their anti-obesity effect. Key words: Capsicum oleoresin, chungyang gochu, capsaicinoids, anti-obesity, 3T3-L1 adipocyte, adiponectin

중국 MICE 산업의 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

Yao Jinge 세종대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

MICE 산업은 제3차 산업이 발전되면서 나타나는 새로운 경제 형태이며, 경제적 이익과 사회적 이익을 동시에 얻을 수 있는 친환경 산업이다. 이 산업은 대규모 회의, 전시 행사를 개최함으로써 끊임없이 이어지는 상업적 유동, 물류 유동, 인구 유동, 자금 유동, 정보 유동을 가져와 직접 무역, 관광업의 발전을 촉진하고, 비즈니스를 지속적으로 창출하고 투자를 유치하며, 나아가 다른 산업의 발전을 이끈다. 이로 인해 최종적으로 MICE 산업 활동을 핵심으로 하는 경제 집단이 형성된다. 세계 경제의 글로벌화가 진전됨에 따라 무역거래, 기술교류, 정보소통, 경제협력 및 고용증대 등에서 갈수록 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 따라서 신형·도시형의 MICE 산업이 서비스 무역 분야의 큰 이슈가 되어 MICE 경제의 역할이 점점 더 주목을 받고 있다. MICE 산업은 도시의 발전을 촉진시켰고, 좋은 도시 환경과 이미지는 더 많은 MICE을 끌어들였다. 본 논문의 목적은 다른 나라가 MICE 산업을 발전시킨 사례 분석을 통하여 중국 MICE 산업의 활성화 방안을 도출함으로써 향후 중국 MICE 산업의 정책 추진에 도움에 주는데 있다. 본 논문의 연구방법은 문헌연구법을 결합함으로써 중국 MICE 산업에 대해 이론적으로 고찰하고 세계 MICE 산업 주요국(독일, 미국, 싱가포르, 한국, 마카오)의 발전 현황을 분석하고자 한다. 중국 MICE 산업의 발전 현황 및 과정을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 개혁개방 이후 중국은 경제 발전의 성과가 선명하게 나타나고, MICE 규모가 계속 확대되고 MICE 면적이 꾸준히 증가하였으며 전시관의 인프라가 끊임없이 개선되었다. 하지만 그와 동시에 많은 문제도 나타났는데, 맹목적인 전시관 건설, 전체적으로 낮은 이용률, 불균형한 지역적 분포, 불합리한 산업 구조가 그것이다. 그 뿐 아니라 전문화된 인력이 부족하여 관리 효율이 낮으며, 부대시설이 불완전하고 서비스 수준도 낙후되었으며, 국제화 정도가 낮고 시장 지위가 두드러지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 중국 MICE 산업경제 발전 과정의 문제점에 대한 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부의 기능적 위치를 명확히 하여 사장 주체를 육성한다. MICE 산업의 개발을 균일하게 계획하고 관리하기 위해 시장화 시스템에 따라 운영할 전문 정부 기관을 결정할 수 있다. 그리고 체계적인 MICE 법률 감독 체계를 수립하고, MICE 업계의 발전을 규범화한다. 둘째, 중국은 MICE 산업경제 발전적 특성에 부응하는 전국적인 MICE 업계 협회를 조속히 설립하고 협회 기능을 명확히 함으로써 MICE 산업을 한 단계 높은 수준과 높은 품질로 발전시켜야 한다. 셋째, MICE 기초 부대시설의 전문화에 중점을 두고 일류 전시관 하드웨어 시설을 건설하여 전문화 수준을 제고한다. 넷째, MICE 산업 국제 참여도를 높이고 국내외 협력 채널을 넓힌다. 국가 "일대일로" 전략을 실시하고, 지역 간 경제무역 협력에 맞춰 브랜드 MICE를 장려하고, 해외 진출도 독려한다. 다섯째, 인재육성 메커니즘을 완비하여 MICE 전문 인력 부족을 보완한다. 또한 MICE 산업은 "인터넷+"을 적시에 사용하고 새로운 "인터넷+MICE" 모델을 적극적으로 개발해야 한다. 현재 중국 MICE 산업의 발전은 많은 도전에 직면해 있지만 미래는 여전히 광범위한 발전 가능성을 가지고 있다.

LMX와 조직공정성이 이직의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

LIU JING 세종대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

기업의 주체가 사람이고 기업의 발전은 리더가 외부환경의 변화를 적극적으로 응대해야 하고 부하들을 이끌고 변혁의 요구를 적응해야 된다, 그런데 상사와 부하에 관계가 안 좋으면 종업원의 부적 태도나 행동을 일으킬 수 있다, 예컨대 상사와 안 좋은 관계를 맺으면 일하는 적극성을 낮추고 기업을 떠나는 생각도 날 수 있다, 특히, 외국기업이 중국에 진출에 따라 문화차이로 인한 여러 문제가 외국기업 종업원의 이직을 많이 일으킨다. 인재는 이미 기업의 핵심경쟁우위가 된 오늘에(Boxall & Purcell, 2003) 인재의 유지는 기업인적자원관리의 대두가 된다. 이 같은 소극적인 행위나 태도를 감소하기 위하여 LMX가 이직의도와의 관계를 파악하는 연구가 필요하다. 이로 초점에 두어 외국기업의 중 업 원을 대상으로 본 연구가 시작되었다. 또는 본 연구는 선행연구의 정리를 통해 이직의도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수 중 직무와 관련되는 보상변수라는 것을 밝힌바 있다, 따라서 보상을 바탕으로 한 조직공정성을 매개변수로 추가하여 연구하였다. 본 연구는 LMX. 조직공정성, 이직의도에 대한 이론을 정리하고 각 변수간의 관계를 파악하여 연구모형 및 가설을 도출하였다. 그리고 중국의 상해, 심천, 광주, 수주 4 지역에 외국기업의 종업원을 대상으로 조사하여 수집된 자료는 SPSS18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도와 타당도 검사, 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다: a) LMX가 조직공정성의 3차원에 각각 정의 영향을 미치며 상호작용공정성에 영향을 가장 많이 미친다, 즉, LMX의 질이 높을수록 종업원이 상호작용공정성에 대한 지각이 분배나 절차공정성에 대한 지각보다 높아진다. b) LMX가 이직의도에 강한 부적 영향을 미치고 있다 c) 조직공정성의 각 차원이 이직의도에 미치는 영향의 정도가 다르지만 모두 부적 관계를 보인다, 특히 선행연구에서 제시한 봐와 같이 분배공정성은 이직의도에 영향을 가장 많이 미치는 것이다. d) 조직공정성이 LMX와 이직의도 간에 작용하는 부분 매개효과에 대한 검증결과가 역시 분배공정성을 통하여 LMX가 이직의도에 영향이 가장 많이 미칠 것으로 나타났다. 이런 연구결과로써 인적 자원 과 리 차원에서 이직률을 낮추는 방안을 연구할 수 있다. 예컨대, 질이 높은 상사와 부하의 관계 자체가 이직률을 감소할 수 있는데 종업원이 분배 공정성에 대한 지각을 확보하면 종업원이 떠나려는 의도를 감소할 수 있다. Employees are the core value in the company and a leader should respond aggressively to the externally changing environment and lead subordinates coping with the demands of business development. However, the relationship between superiors and subordinates could influence employees‘ attitude and behavior. For example, bear a bad relationship with your manager could make you work in the lower commitment and even think about leaving the company. ,Especially, the foreign companies entering China, according to the multiple problems caused by cultural differences that cause a lot of turnover of foreign staff. Talent has already become the company's core competency nowadays and personnel maintenance in foreign companies is being rising issue in the field of human resource management. Therefore the research to identify the relationship between LMX and turnover intention is needed by reducing the negative behaviors or attitudes of employees. For this matter, in the current study based on the literature review, we found that turnover intention was the job-related variable, which was influenced by compensation the most, and therefore organizational justice was added as mediator under appraisal. In this study, the research model and hypotheses were derived from LMX. Organizational justice and turnover intention. And data was collected by local surveys in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Suzhou in China, and analyzed by SPSS18.0 with frequency analysis, reliability and validity testing, correlation and regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows: a) LMX affects each of the 3-dimensional definition of organizational justice and affects the justice of the interaction the most. Especially, the higher the quality of LMX was, the greater the employees' perception is about the justice of the interaction than the perception of the distribution or the procedural justice. b) LMX had a strong negative impact on the turnover intention. c) Even though the level of each dimension of organizational justice on turnover intention was different, both were showing a negative relationship. Particularly according to the previous study, distribution justice affected turnover intention the most. d) The test results of organizational justice on partial mediation effect between LMX and turnover showed that LMX affected turnover the most either through the distribution justice. As a result of this study, in terms of human resource management, we can study ways to reduce turnover. For instance, the high quality of the relationship between superiors and subordinates, which in itself can reduce turnover. Also by ensuring the distribution justice, the relationship between the superiors and subordinates could be strengthen the impact on the turnover intention.

Towards a local community: Colonial politics and postwar Hong Kong cinema

Chang, Jing Jing University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

My dissertation uses film to shed new light on our understanding of postwar Hong Kong and the colonial history of community building. The 1950s and 1960s was a period of social turmoil and enormous uncertainty for the colony; it is however, also a period little understood in relation to Hong Kong's development from a remote British colony into a hypermodern global city in the 1980s and 1990s. Ideological struggles in Cold War Hong Kong were waged in the realm of an increasingly politicized local society, as Hong Kong became a battleground for the ideological struggles between pro-Communist and pro-Nationalist sympathizers, both vying for the allegiance of the Hong Kong public. Using film as archival evidence, I aim to explore the relationship between British colonial rule and Hong Kong's grassroots population, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to foster an alternative understanding of being Chinese in the Cold War.

유형론의 관점에서 본 북한의 개혁·개방과 중국의 역할

Zhao Jing 경북대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

The reform and opening up of North Korea and the role of China: a view of typology theory* Zhao Jing Department of Political Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University Daegu, Korea (Supervised by Professor Heo, ManHo) (Abstract) For the important strategy of geography, the Peninsula of Korea lying in the northeast has become the hot target of the most countries. The Reform and opening up have become the only choice of the North Korea. But the north Korean government really worry about reform and opening up of its regime, and is likely to pose a threat. Therefore, the North Korea has been refused to proceed with a thorough reform and opening up. But the successful reform and opening up experience of China and Vietnam or the failed experience of the eastern European countries will give the north Korea a lot of enlightenment。This paper will analyze the possibility of north Korea's reform and opening up and in the process what role China can provide with typology theory. First of all, the background, process and problems of the reform and open policy in eastern European countries, China and Vietnam will be introduced. Secondly, the change of North Korea and the reason of it were written through introducing North Korea. After that, The possibility of Reform and opening up of North Korea were analyzed. The advantage and disadvantage of the Reform Liberation were cited through analyzing the civil and international environment. Lastly, The thesis is emphasized that The Reform and opening up of North Korea will face many difficulty. And the model of north Korea's reform and open policy will be different from China and Vietnam with its own unique way。 However, China which has a large influence to north Korea has an obligation to help and drive the North Koreaʼ reform and opening up.uture.

Metabolomics-based investigation of depression and antidepressants using a chronic mild stress mouse model

Jing, Zhao Sungkyunkwan university 2016 국내박사