Two New closo- or nido- Carborane Diphosphine Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures

Lingqian Kong,Daopeng Zhang,Jianmin Dou,Fangfang Su,Dacheng Li 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

Two new carborane complexes containing closo- or nido- carborane diphosphine ligands with the formula:complex [Hg(7,8-(PPh_2)_2-7,8-C_2B_9H_10)_2] CH_2C_l2 (1) and [Ag_2(μ-Cl)_2(1,2-(P^iPr_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_10H_10)_2] (2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ^1H and ^13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure determination. The X-ray structure analyses revealed that the carborane diphosphine ligand was degraded from closo-1,2-(PPh_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_10H_10 to nido-[7,8-(PPh_2)_2-7,8-C_2B_9H_10]− in complex 1, while the closo nature of the starting ligand 1,2-(P^iPr_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_10H_10 was retained in complex 2. In either of the two complexes, the carborane diphosphine ligand was coordinated bidentately to the Hg(II) or Ag(I) center through its two phosphorus atoms, therefore forming a five-member cheating ring between the carborane ligand and the metal center. The coordination geometry of the metal atom is distorted tetrahedron formed by P_4 unit in complex 1and P_2C_l2 unit in complex 2, respectively.

Two New closo- or nido-Carborane Diphosphine Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures

Kong, Lingqian,Zhang, Daopeng,Su, Fangfang,Li, Dacheng,Dou, Jianmin Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

Two new carborane complexes containing closo- or nido-carborane diphosphine ligands with the formula: complex $[Hg(7,8-(PPh_2)_2-7,8-C_2B_9H_{10})_2]$ $CH_2Cl_2$ (1) and $[Ag_2({\mu}-Cl)_2(1,2-(P^iPr_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_{10})_2]$ (2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure determination. The X-ray structure analyses revealed that the carborane diphosphine ligand was degraded from closo-1,2-$(PPh_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_{10}$ to nido-[$7,8-(PPh_2)_2-7,8-C_2B_9H_{10}]^-$ in complex 1, while the closo nature of the starting ligand $1,2-(P^iPr_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_{10}$ was retained in complex 2. In either of the two complexes, the carborane diphosphine ligand was coordinated bidentately to the Hg(II) or Ag(I) center through its two phosphorus atoms, therefore forming a five-member cheating ring between the carborane ligand and the metal center. The coordination geometry of the metal atom is distorted tetrahedron formed by $P_4$ unit in complex 1 and $P_2Cl_2$ unit in complex 2, respectively.

Identification of genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens

Xue Qian,Li Guohui,Cao Yuxia,Yin Jianmei,Zhu Yunfen,Zhang Huiyong,Zhou Chenghao,Shen Haiyu,Dou Xinhong,Su Yijun,Wang Kehua,Zou Jianmin,Han Wei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens. Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction. Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources. Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens.Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction.Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources.