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        Activation of Tyrosine Metabolism in CD13+ Cancer Stem Cells Drives Relapse in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

        Li Sun,Lin Zhang,Jun Chen,Chaoqun Li,Hongqin Sun,Jiangrong Wang,Hong Xiao 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.2

        Purpose Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are naturally resistant to chemotherapy, explaining why tumor relapse frequently occurs after initial regression upon administration of chemotherapeutic agents in most cases. A CSC population characterized by CD13 expression has been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism by which it escapes conventional therapies. Materials and Methods Here, we used flow cytometry to examine the percentage of CD13+ CSCs in HepG2 and HuH7 cells after chemotherapy. Using in vitro isotope labeling technique, we compared metabolic pathways between CD13+ and CD13– subpopulations. Using co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting, we determined the target expressions in protein levels under different conditions. We also performed immunohistochemistry to detect the target proteins under different conditions. Animal models were constructed to verify the potential role of tyrosine metabolism in post-chemotherapeutic relapse in vivo. Results We observed that quiescent CD13+ CSCs are enriched after chemotherapy in HCCs, and serve as a reservoir for recurrence. Mechanistically, CD13+ CSCs were dependent on aerobic metabolism of tyrosine rather than glucose as energy source. Tyrosine metabolism also generated nuclear acetyl-CoA to acetylate and stabilize Foxd3, thereby allowing CD13+ CSCs cells to sustain quiescence and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion These findings encourage further exploration of eliminating CD13+ cells by targeting specific metabolic pathways to prevent recurrence in HCCs.

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        Dissipative Filtering of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Singular Time-delay Systems via Event-triggering Mechanism

        Jiangrong Li,Zhiguang Feng,Changzhu Zhang,Juan Shi 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.3

        In this paper, the problem of dissipativity filtering for discrete-time nonlinear singular systems with distributed delays is addressed. An interval type-2 fuzzy model is employed to represent the nonlinear singular systems of which the parameter uncertainties are captured by interval type-2 membership functions characterized by lower and upper membership functions. Based on event-triggering scheme, an interval type-2 filter is proposed. By adopting the idea of input delay method, the filtering error systems is reformulated as a new event-triggering interval type-2 fuzzy singular systems with mixed time-delays. By using an improved reciprocally convex combination approach and some new techniques on matrix convexification to bound the forward difference of the double and the triple summation terms in the Lyapunov function, two less conservatism conditions have been derived. The event-triggered dissipative filter gains and the event-triggering parameters are obtained to determine the filter error singular systems admissible and dissipative. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed method.

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