Reliable Data Transmission Based on Erasure-resilient Code in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Jian-jun Lei ),( Gu-in Kwon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.1

Emerging applications with high data rates will need to transport bulk data reliably in wireless sensor networks. ARQ (Automatic Repeat request) or Forward Error Correction (FEC) code schemes can be used to provide reliable transmission in a sensor network. However, the naive ARQ approach drops the whole frame, even though there is a bit error in the frame and the FEC at the bit level scheme may require a highly complex method to adjust the amount of FEC redundancy. We propose a bulk data transmission scheme based on erasure-resilient code in this paper to overcome these inefficiencies. The sender fragments bulk data into many small blocks, encodes the blocks with LT codes and packages several such blocks into a frame. The receiver only drops the corrupted blocks (compared to the entire frame) and the original data can be reconstructed if sufficient error-free blocks are received. An incidental benefit is that the frame error rate (FER) becomes irrelevant to frame size (error recovery). A frame can therefore be sufficiently large to provide high utilization of the wireless channel bandwidth without sacrificing the effectiveness of error recovery. The scheme has been implemented as a new data link layer in TinyOS, and evaluated through experiments in a testbed of Zigbex motes. Results show single hop transmission throughput can be improved by at least 20% under typical wireless channel conditions. It also reduces the transmission time of a reasonable range of size files by more than 30%, compared to a frame ARQ scheme. The total number of bytes sent by all nodes in the multi-hop communication is reduced by more than 60% compared to the frame ARQ scheme.

CircularRNA_104670 plays a critical role in intervertebral disc degeneration by functioning as a ceRNA

Jian Son,Hong-Li Wang,Ke-Han Song,Zhi-Wen Ding,Hai-Lian Wang,Xiao-Sheng Ma,Fei-Zhou Lu,Xin-Lei Xia,Ying-Wei Wang,Fei-Zou,Jian-Yuan Jiang 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

This study was carried out to explore the roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Differentially expressed circRNAs in IDD and normal NP tissues were identified based on the results of microarray analysis. Bioinformatics techniques were employed to predict the direct interactions of selected circRNAs, microRNAs (miR), and mRNAs. CircRNA_104670 was selected as the target circRNA due to its large multiplier expression in IDD tissues. After luciferase reporter and EGFP/RFP reporter assays, we confirmed that circRNA_104670 directly bound to miR-17-3p, while MMP-2 was the direct target of miR-17-3p. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that circRNA_104670 and miR-17-3p had good diagnostic significance for IDD (AUC circRNA_104670 = 0.96; AUC miRNA-17-3p = 0.91). A significant correlation was detected between the Pfirrmann grade and expression of circRNA_104670 (r = 0.63; p = 0.00) and miR-17-3p (r = −0.62; p = 0.00). Flow-cytometric analysis and the MTT assay showed that interfering with circRNA_104670 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited NP cell apoptosis (p < 0.01), and this inhibition was reduced by interfering with miR-17-3p. Interfering with circRNA_104670 suppressed MMP-2 expression and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, which were also reduced by interfering with miR-17-3p. Finally, an MRI evaluation showed that circRNA_104670 inhibition mice had a lower IDD grade compared with control mice (p < 0.01), whereas circRNA_104670 and miRNA-17-3p inhibition mice had a higher IDD grade compared with circRNA_104670 inhibition mice (p < 0.05). CircRNA_104670 is highly expressed in the NP tissues of IDD and acts as a ceRNA during NP degradation.

An Efficient Implementation of Tornado Code for Fault Tolerance

Lei, Jian-Jun,Kwon, Gu-In Korea Spatial Information System Society 2009 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.2

This paper presents the implementation procedure of encoding and decoding algorithms for Tornado code that can provide fault tolerance for storage and transmission system. The degree distribution satisfying heavy tail distribution is produced. Based on this distribution, a good random irregular bipartite graph is attained after plenty of trails. Such graph construction is proved to be efficient, and the experiments also demonstrate that the implementation obtains good performance in terms of decoding overhead.

Effects of a blend of organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids with and without <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and meat quality in finishing pigs

Lei, Xin Jian,Lee, Sang In,Lee, Kwang Yong,Nguyen, Dinh Hai,Kim, In Ho,Plaizier, J. Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of animal science Vol.98 No.4

<P> An experiment was conducted to assess effects of Enterococcus faecium and a blend of organic acids (OAs) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace); 51.04 ± 1.82 kg] were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: CON, basal diet; BOM1, CON + 500 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> blend of OAs and MCFAs; BOM2, CON + 1000 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> blend of OAs and MCFAs; EBOM1, BOM1 + 20 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> E. faecium; EBOM2, BOM2 + 20 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> E. faecium. Pigs fed EBOM1 and EBOM2 diets had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake (during days 36-70 and days 1-70) and greater digestibility of dry matter (days 35 and 70) compared with those fed BOM1 and BOM2 diets (P @@<@@ 0.05). However, no differences on blood parameters and meat quality were observed between pigs offered BOM1 and BOM2 diets and those fed EBOM1 and EBOM2 diets (P @@>@@ 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with the combination of E. faecium and a blend of OAs and MCFAs was more effective in improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility than supplementation with blend of OAs and MCFAs alone in finishing pigs. </P>

Effect of antibiotics and synbiotic on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and faecal microbial shedding in growing-finishing pigs

Lei, Xin Jian,Zhang, Wan Lin,Cheong, Jin Young,Lee, Sang In,Kim, In Ho Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Journal of applied animal research Vol.46 No.1

BP Network Modified by Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Application to Online-Tuning PID Parameters in Idle-Speed Engine Control System

Jian-Lei Cao,Jia-Meng Yin,Ji-Sun Shin,Hee-Hyol Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

PID control systems are widely used in many fields, and many methods to tune parameters of PID controller are known. When the characteristics of the object are changed, the traditional PID control should be adjusted by empirical knowledge. It may bring a worse performance to the system. In this paper, a new method to tune PID parameters called as the modified back propagate network by particle swarm optimization is proposed. This algorithm combines the conventional PID control with the back propagate neural network (BPNN) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO). This method is demonstrated in the engine idle-speed control problem, and the proposed method provides prominent performance benefits over the traditional controller in this simulation.

A GENERALIZATION OF LOCAL SYMMETRIC AND SKEW-SYMMETRIC SPLITTING ITERATION METHODS FOR GENERALIZED SADDLE POINT PROBLEMS

Jian-Lei Li,Dang Luo,Zhi-Jiang Zhang 한국전산응용수학회 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.5

In this paper, we further investigate the local Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (LHSS) iteration method and the modified LHSS (MLHSS) iteration method for solving generalized nonsymmetric saddle point problems with nonzero (2,2) blocks. When A is non-symmetric positive definite, the convergence conditions are obtained, which generalize some results of Jiang and Cao [M.-Q. Jiang and Y. Cao, On local Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian splitting iteration methods for generalized saddle point problems, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 2009(231): 973-982] for the generalized saddle point problems to generalized nonsymmetric saddle point problems with nonzero (2,2) blocks. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the iterative methods.

Effects of Herbiotic FS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal scores in weanling pigs

Lei, Xin Jian,Yun, Hyeok Min,Kang, Jung Sun,Kim, In Ho Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Journal of applied animal research Vol.46 No.1

Evaluation of different dietary electrolyte balance in weanling pigs diets

Lei, Xin Jian,Chung, Jing Young,Park, Jae Hong,Kim, In Ho Elsevier 2017 Animal feed science and technology Vol.226 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A total of 160 weanling pigs ((Duroc×Landrace)×Yorkshire; average initial body weight of 7.67±0.97kg, 28±1 d of age) were allotted into 1 of 4 treatments to determine effects of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na+K−Cl mEq/kg of the diet) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Pigs were fed 4 diets with different dEB levels: 0, 83, 166, and 250mEq/kg of dEB for 4 weeks. Various dEB values were obtained by altering the concentrations of calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Pigs fed diets with dEB of 166 and 250mEq/kg exhibited greater average daily gain (ADG) than those fed 0mEq/kg diet throughout the experiment (<I>P</I> <0.05). During d 14–28 and d 0–28, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) was greater in 166 and 250mEq/kg dietary treatments compared with 0mEq/kg dietary treatment (<I>P</I> <0.05). However, no difference was observed on gain to feed ratio between dietary treatments throughout the experiment (<I>P</I> >0.05). 166 and 250mEq/kg dietary treatments had greater apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and nitrogen compared with 0mEq/kg dietary treatment (<I>P</I> <0.05). There was no effect on ATTD of gross energy between dietary treatments (<I>P</I> >0.05). Taken together, these results suggested that weanling pigs obtained optimal growth performance and nutrient digestibility when fed diets with dEB in the range of 166–250mEq/kg.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We evaluated effects of 4 levels (0, 83, 166, 250mEq/kg of diet) of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. </LI> <LI> Average daily feed intake and average daily gain were optimized when pig fed diets with dEB ranging from 166 to 250mEq/kg. </LI> <LI> Pigs fed diets with dEB of 166 and 250mEq/kg had greater apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. </LI> </UL> </P>

Low dose of coated zinc oxide is as effective as pharmacological zinc oxide in promoting growth performance, reducing fecal scores, and improving nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs

Lei, Xin Jian,Kim, In Ho Elsevier 2018 Animal feed science and technology Vol.245 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of coated zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal scores, minerals concentrations in serum, fecal zinc, intestinal morphology, and selected microbial population in weaned pigs. A total of 192 crossbred [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] weaned pigs (7.42 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly assigned into one of the following dietary treatments: (1) negative control (NC): basal diet; (2) positive control (PC): NC + 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide; (3) CZO300: NC + 300 mg/kg coated zinc oxide; (4) CZO500: NC + 500 mg/kg coated zinc oxide; (5) CZO1000: NC + 1000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide; (6) CZO2000: NC + 2000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide. Each treatment had 8 replicate pens, with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs fed PC, CZO500, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets had higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than those fed NC diet during days 0–21. During days 0–42, supplementation of coated zinc oxide at levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg increased ADG compared with NC treatment (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Pigs fed PC, CZO300, CZO500, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets had lower (<I>P</I> < 0.01) fecal scores compared with those fed NC diet during weeks 1, 2, and 3, but no significant difference was observed among coated zinc oxide-supplemented diets. Pigs fed the PC, CZO1000, or CZO2000 diet had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.05) coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter than pigs fed NC diet. Compared with pigs fed NC diets, pigs fed the PC diet or coated zinc oxide-supplemented diets had increased (<I>P</I> < 0.01) serum and fecal zinc concentrations. Duodenal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth of pigs fed PC, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets were higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) than those of pigs fed NC diet, whereas no significant differences were observed between pigs fed the PC, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets. In conclusion, supplementing low doses (500–1000 mg/kg) of coated zinc oxide were as effective in stimulating growth, alleviating post-weaning diarrhea, and improving small intestinal morphology and nutrient digestibility as when a pharmacological level of zinc oxide (2500 mg/kg) was included. Additionally, low doses of coated zinc oxide reduced the amount of zinc excreted into the feces compared with 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We evaluated the effects of coated zinc oxide and conventional zinc oxide in weaned pigs. </LI> <LI> 500–1000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide stimulated growth as effective as 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide in weaned pigs. </LI> <LI> 500–1000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide alleviated post-weaning diarrhea as effective as 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide. </LI> <LI> Feeding coated zinc oxide excreted less zinc into the feces compared with 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide. </LI> </UL> </P>