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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Friend or Foe?
( Dexi Zhou ),( Jiajie Luan ),( Cheng Huang ),( Jun Li ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.4
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and it has diverse etiologies with multiple mechanisms. The diagnosis of HCC typically occurs at advanced stages when there are limited therapeutic options. Hepatocarcinogenesis is considered a multistep process, and hepatic macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory process leading to HCC. Emerging evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components defining the HCC immune microenvironment and represent an appealing option for disrupting the formation and development of HCC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the polarization and function of TAMs in the pathogenesis of HCC, as well as the mechanisms underlying TAM-related anti-HCC therapies. Eventually, novel insights into these important aspects of TAMs and their roles in the HCC microenvironment might lead to promising TAM-focused therapeutic strategies for HCC. (Gut Liver 2021;15:500-516)
Droop Control Scheme of a Three-phase Inverter for Grid Voltage Unbalance Compensation
Liu, Hongpeng,Zhou, Jiajie,Wang, Wei,Xu, Dianguo The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.4
The stability of a grid-connected system (GCS) has become a critical issue with the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources. Under grid faults, however, a grid-connected inverter cannot work efficiently by using only the traditional droop control. In addition, the unbalance factor of voltage/current at the common coupling point (PCC) may increase significantly. To ensure the stable operation of a GCS under grid faults, the capability to compensate for grid imbalance should be integrated. To solve the aforementioned problem, an improved voltage-type grid-connected control strategy is proposed in this study. A negative sequence conductance compensation loop based on a positive sequence power droop control is added to maintain PCC voltage balance and reduce grid current imbalance, thereby meeting PCC power quality requirements. Moreover, a stable analysis is presented based on the small signal model. Simulation and experimental results verify the aforementioned expectations, and consequently, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Characterization of Enterobacter cloacae under Phoxim Stress by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
Dijun Zhang,Jiajie Xu,Weina He,Qianqian Tong,Liping Chen,Jun Zhou,Xiurong Su 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3
Phoxim, an organophosphorus pesticide, was widely used in agriculture but was banned because of its associated toxic runoff, which accumulated in surrounding water outlets. Here, Enterobacter cloacae was isolated from water outlets adjacent to industrial, agricultural and residential sewage having high organic phosphorus contents. To investigate the ability of E. cloacae to respond and survive under phoxim stress, both at the proteomic and transcriptional level, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used. A 2-DE analysis showed that 12 h post phoxim exposure, 46 proteins were differentially expressed and 21 protein spots were selected for MALDI-TOF-MS/MS identification. This resulted in the successful identification of 16 spots, nine up-regulated and seven down-regulated. Of these, stress response proteins, including the chaperone protein DnaK, GroEL, F0F1 ATP synthase subunit beta, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and outer membrane channel protein, were only expressed in the phoxim-treated experimental group. To validate these findings, seven genes were selected and positively confirmed using qPCR. The results suggest that the identified expression patterns relate to E. cloacae resistance and tolerance to high phoxim concentrations.
Droop Control Scheme of a Three-phase Inverter for Grid Voltage Unbalance Compensation
Hongpeng Liu,Jiajie Zhou,Wei Wang,Dianguo Xu 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.4
The stability of a grid-connected system (GCS) has become a critical issue with the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources. Under grid faults, however, a grid-connected inverter cannot work efficiently by using only the traditional droop control. In addition, the unbalance factor of voltage/current at the common coupling point (PCC) may increase significantly. To ensure the stable operation of a GCS under grid faults, the capability to compensate for grid imbalance should be integrated. To solve the aforementioned problem, an improved voltage-type grid-connected control strategy is proposed in this study. A negative sequence conductance compensation loop based on a positive sequence power droop control is added to maintain PCC voltage balance and reduce grid current imbalance, thereby meeting PCC power quality requirements. Moreover, a stable analysis is presented based on the small signal model. Simulation and experimental results verify the aforementioned expectations, and consequently, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Xiaolong Cai,Jianwen Zhang,Gang Shi,Xu Cai,Jianqiao Zhou,Zhuyong Li,Jiacheng Wang,Jiajie Zang 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
In the future AC-DC hybrid distribution system, solid state transformer (SST) will take place of conventional transformer, as it could reduce the weight and volume of transformer, and achieve voltage and current regulation, power flow control, power quality enhancement. MMC-based SST is a novel SST topology, which could provide the MVDC port. However, the excessive bulky submodule capacitors limits this topology into practical application. This paper proposes a fluctuation power control strategy for MMC-based SST to reduce the submodule capacitor voltage oscillation, which could optimize the capacitance and reduce the volume and cost of capacitor. The feasibility of this proposed method is verified by MATLAB simulation.