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G2A Attenuates Propionibacterium acnes Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Monocytes
( Andrew J Park ),( George W Agak ),( Min Qin ),( Lisa D Hisaw ),( Aslan Pirouz ),( Stephanie Kao ),( Laura J Marinelli ),( Hermes J Garban ),( Diane Thiboutot ),( Philip T Liu ),( Jenny Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.6
Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, and immune responses to Propionibacterium acnes (PA). Here, we explore a possible mechanism by which a lipid receptor, G2A, regulates immune responses to a commensal bacterium. Objective: To elucidate the inflammatory properties of G2A in monocytes in response to PA stimulation. Furthermore, our study sought to investigate pathways by which lipids modulate immune responses in response to PA. Methods: Our studies focused on monocytes collected from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the monocytic cell line THP-1, and a lab strain of PA. Our studies involved the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent, Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microarray analysis of human acne lesions in the measurements of inflammatory markers. Results: G2A gene expression is higher in acne lesions compared to normal skin and is inducible by the acne therapeutic, 13-cis -retinoic acid. In vitro, PA induces both the Toll-like receptor 2-dependent expression of G2A as well as the production of the G2A ligand, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, from human monocytes. G2A gene knockdown through siRNA enhances PA stimulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β possibly through increased activation of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase and nuclear factor kappa B p65 pathways. Conclusion: G2A may play a role in quelling inflammatory cytokine response to PA, revealing G2A as a potential attenuator of inflammatory response in a disease associated with a commensal bacterium. (Ann Dermatol 29(6) 688∼698, 2017)
Yoon, Dankyu,Kim, Young-Jin,Cui, Wen-Yan,Van der Vaart, Andrew,Cho, Yoon Shin,Lee, Jong-Young,Ma, Jennie Z,Payne, Thomas J,Li, Ming D,Park, Taesung Springer-Verlag 2012 HUMAN GENETICS Vol.131 No.6
<P>Diseases related to smoking are the second leading cause of death in the world. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Despite increasing evidence of genetic determination, the susceptibility genes and loci underlying various aspects of smoking behavior are largely unknown. Moreover, almost all reported genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been performed on samples of European origin, limiting the applicability of the results to other ethnic populations. In this first GWAS on smoking behavior in an Asian population, after analyzing 8,842 DNA samples from the Korea Association Resource project with 352,228 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped for each sample, we identified 8 SNPs significantly associated with smoking initiation (SI) and 4 with nicotine dependence (ND). Because of the current unavailability of an independent Asian smoking sample, we replicated the discoveries in independent samples of European-American and African-American origin. Of the 12 SNPs examined in the replicated samples, we identified two SNPs, in the regulator of G-protein signaling 17 gene (rs7747583, p value(meta)?=?6.40??10(-6); rs2349433, p value(meta)?=?5.57??10(-6)), associated with SI. Also, we found two SNPs significantly associated with ND; one in the FERM domain containing 4A (rs4424567, p value(meta)?=?2.30??10(-6)) and the other at 7q31.1 (rs848353, p value(meta)?=?9.16??10(-8)). These SNPs represent novel targets for examination of smoking behavior and warrant further investigation using independent samples.</P>
Oleshko, Vladimir P.,Kim, Jenny,Schaefer, Jennifer L.,Hudson, Steven D.,Soles, Christopher L.,Simmonds, Adam G.,Griebel, Jared J.,Glass, Richard S.,Char, Kookheon,Pyun, Jeffrey Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2015 MRS Communications Vol.5 No.3
<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>Poly[sulfur-random-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB)] copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization form electrochemically active polymers used as cathodes for high-energy density Li-S batteries, capable of enhanced capacity retention (1005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. In this prospective, we demonstrate how analytical electron microscopy can be employed as a powerful tool to explore the origins of the enhanced capacity retention. We analyze morphological and compositional features when the copolymers, with DIB contents up to 50% by mass, are blended with carbon nanoparticles. Replacing the elemental sulfur with the copolymers improves the compatibility and interfacial contact between active sulfur compounds and conductive carbons. There also appears to be improvements of the cathode mechanical stability that leads to less cracking but preserving porosity. This compatibilization scheme through stabilized organosulfur copolymers represents an alternative strategy to the nanoscale encapsulation schemes which are often used to improve the cycle life in high-energy density Li-S batteries.</P></▼2>
Thermal depth profiling of vascular lesions: automated regularization of reconstruction algorithms
Verkruysse, Wim,Choi, Bernard,Zhang, Jenny R,Kim, Jeehyun,Nelson, J Stuart Institute of Physics in association with the Ameri 2008 Physics in medicine & biology Vol.53 No.5
<P>Pulsed photo-thermal radiometry (PPTR) is a non-invasive, non-contact diagnostic technique used to locate cutaneous chromophores such as melanin (epidermis) and hemoglobin (vascular structures). Clinical utility of PPTR is limited because it typically requires trained user intervention to regularize the inversion solution. Herein, the feasibility of automated regularization was studied. A second objective of this study was to depart from modeling port wine stain PWS, a vascular skin lesion frequently studied with PPTR, as strictly layered structures since this may influence conclusions regarding PPTR reconstruction quality. Average blood vessel depths, diameters and densities derived from histology of 30 PWS patients were used to generate 15 randomized lesion geometries for which we simulated PPTR signals. Reconstruction accuracy for subjective regularization was compared with that for automated regularization methods. The objective regularization approach performed better. However, the average difference was much smaller than the variation between the 15 simulated profiles. Reconstruction quality depended more on the actual profile to be reconstructed than on the reconstruction algorithm or regularization method. Similar, or better, accuracy reconstructions can be achieved with an automated regularization procedure which enhances prospects for user friendly implementation of PPTR to optimize laser therapy on an individual patient basis.</P>
Chan Miller, Christopher,Jacob, Daniel J.,Marais, Eloise A.,Yu, Karen,Travis, Katherine R.,Kim, Patrick S.,Fisher, Jenny A.,Zhu, Lei,Wolfe, Glenn M.,Hanisco, Thomas F.,Keutsch, Frank N.,Kaiser, Jennif Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.14
<P>Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Like formaldehyde (HCHO), another VOC oxidation product, it is measurable from space by solar backscatter. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dominant source of CHOCHO and HCHO in most of the world. We use aircraft observations of CHOCHO and HCHO from the SENEX campaign over the southeast US in summer 2013 to better understand the CHOCHO time-dependent yield from isoprene oxidation, its dependence on nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), the behavior of the CHOCHO-HCHO relationship, the quality of OMI CHOCHO satellite observations, and the implications for using CHOCHO observations from space as constraints on isoprene emissions. We simulate the SENEX and OMI observations with the Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) featuring a new chemical mechanism for CHOCHO formation from isoprene. The mechanism includes prompt CHOCHO formation under low-NOx conditions following the isomerization of the isoprene peroxy radical (ISOPO2). The SENEX observations provide support for this prompt CHOCHO formation pathway, and are generally consistent with the GEOS-Chem mechanism. Boundary layer CHOCHO and HCHO are strongly correlated in the observations and the model, with some departure under low-NOx conditions due to prompt CHOCHO formation. SENEX vertical profiles indicate a free-tropospheric CHOCHO background that is absent from the model. The OMI CHOCHO data provide some support for this free-tropospheric background and show southeast US enhancements consistent with the isoprene source but a factor of 2 too low. Part of this OMI bias is due to excessive surface reflectivities assumed in the retrieval. The OMI CHOCHO and HCHO seasonal data over the southeast US are tightly correlated and provide redundant proxies of isoprene emissions. Higher temporal resolution in future geostationary satellite observations may enable detection of the prompt CHOCHO production under low-NOx conditions apparent in the SENEX data. </P>
Kumar, Sudhir,Jagielski, Jakub,Kallikounis, Nikolaos,Kim, Young-Hoon,Wolf, Christoph,Jenny, Florian,Tian, Tian,Hofer, Corinne J.,Chiu, Yu-Cheng,Stark, Wendelin J.,Lee, Tae-Woo,Shih, Chih-Jen American Chemical Society 2017 NANO LETTERS Vol.17 No.9
<P>Pure green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential for realizing an ultrawide color gamut in next-generation displays, as is defined by the recommendation (Rec.) 2020 standard. However, because the human eye is more sensitive to the green spectral region, it is not yet possible to achieve an ultrapure green electroluminescence (EL) with a sufficiently narrow bandwidth that covers >95% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 color space. Here, we demonstrate efficient, ultrapure green EL based on the colloidal two-dimensional (2D) formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr(3)) hybrid perovskites. Through the dielectric quantum well (DQW) engineering, the quantum-confined 2D FAPbBr(3) perovskites exhibit a high exciton binding energy of 162 meV, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of similar to 92% in the spin-coated films. Our optimized LED devices show a maximum current efficiency (eta(CE)) of 13.02 cd A(-1) and the CIE 1931 color coordinates of (0.168, 0.773). The color gamut covers 97% and 99% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 and the CIE 1976 color space, respectively, representing the 'greenest' LEDs ever reported. Moreover, the device shows only a similar to 10% roll-off in eta(CE) (11.3 cd A(-1)) at 1000 cd m(-2). We further demonstrate large-area (3 cm(2)) and ultraflexible (bending radius of 2 mm) LEDs based on 2D perovskites.</P>
Daniel Keizman,Keren Rouvinov,Avishay Sella,Maya Gottfried,Natalie Maimon,Jenny J. Kim,Mario A. Eisenberger,Victoria Sinibaldi,Avivit Peer,Michael A. Carducci,Wilmosh Mermershtain,Raya Leibowitz-amit 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.1
Purpose Studies suggested the existence of a ‘trial effect,’ in which for a given treatment, participa- tion in a clinical trial is associated with a better outcome. Sunitinib is a standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We aimed to study the effect of clinical trial participation on the outcome of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib, which at present, is poorly defined. Materials and Methods The records of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib between 2004-2013 in 7 centers across 2 countries were reviewed. We compared the response rate (RR), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), between clinical trial participants (n=49) and a matched cohort of non-participants (n=49) who received standard therapy. Each clinical trial participant was individually matched with a non-participant by clinicopathologic factors. PFS and OS were determined by Cox regression. Results The groups were matched by age (median, 64), sex (male, 67%), Heng risk (favorable, 25%; intermediate, 59%; poor, 16%), prior nephrectomy (92%), RCC histology (clear cell 86%), pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (> 3 in 55%, n=27), sunitinib induced hyper- tension (45%), and sunitinib dose reduction/treatment interruption (41%). In clinical trial participants versus non-participants, RR was partial response/stable disease 80% (n=39) versus 74% (n=36), and progressive disease 20% (n=10) versus 26% (n=13) (p=0.63; odds ratio, 1.2). The median PFS was 10 versus 11 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; p=0.84), and the median OS 23 versus 24 months (HR, 0.97; p=0.89). Conclusion In mRCC patients treated with sunitinib, the outcome of clinical trial participants was similar to that of non-participants who received standard therapy.