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人工唾液이 第1胃內 醱酵 및 纖毛蟲의 分布에 미치는 影響
池次昊 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1991 農業科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2
Effects of the experimental artificial saliva on the fiber digestibility, the fermentation values, the population dynamics of the cellulolytic ciliates and bacteria in the rumen of the rams were investigated. Application of the experimental artificial saliva to Holstein cows was also carried out. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The fiber digestibility and the values of lumen fermentation in the rams were remarkably improved in the treatment group of experimental artificial saliva formulated with sodium bicarbonate(55%), monoammonium phosphate(35%), stabilized rumen extract(2%), sodium chloride(3%), potassium chloride(4%), magnesium chloride(0.5%) and calcium chloride(0.5%) base. The digestibility of cellulose, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was significantly improved(p<0.05), whereas, the highly significant increase of the total volatile fatty acid and the soluble phosphorus in the rumen was recognized(p<0.01). Population density of the larger cellulolytic ciliates measured as high as 6.6 times at the 1st week, 16.3 times at the 2nd week, 14.4 times at the 3rd week, and 11.2 times at the 4th week after treatment, respestively, in comparision to the control. Multiplication of the cellulolytic Clostridium sp.(Korean Collection for Type Culture 8440) was also noticed with the level of 1.4×105/ml at the day 12 after treatment. Fractions of the larger lumen ciliates in the treated rams were observed between 60 and 90 μm on the graphs obtained by the Coulter counter channelyzer and it was regared that this type of graphs was applicable to the indirect method to count the rumen ciliates and useful to detect as an indicator of the degree in rumen fermentation. The major species of the larger rumen ciliates in the treated rams were belong to the genera of following order ; Diploplastrom, Polyplastron and Isotricha. The increased milk priductions were noticed as much as 4.5 and 3.3kg/head/day at the 4th and 6th week after treatment, respestively, in the field trial to Holstein cows fed with the specially formulated diet of the experimental artificial saliva and KCTC 8440. Key Words : artifcial saliva, cellulolytic ciliate. cellulolytic bacteria(KCTC 8440), rumen fermentation, ruminant
돼지 飼料添加劑로써 Fenbendazole의 驅蟲效能評價
池次昊 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1993 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2
The anthelmintic and preventive efficacy of fenbendazloe 4 ppm as feed additive in swine which were naturally infected with and artificially infected A. suum, T. suis and Oesophagostomum spp. during the 60 consecutive days was as follows ; 1.Anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole in treatment of pigs which were naturally infected with A. suum, T. suis and Oesphagostomum spp. was 98.73%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. 2.Preventive efficacy of fenbendazole to the establishment of A. suum, T. suis and Oesophagostomum spp., which were artificially infected, was 100%, 96.72%, and 97.83%, respectively. 3.No adverse reactions were observed in pigs treated with fenbendazole 4 ppm in-feed during the experiment. 4.Feed conversion ratio of medicated fenbendazole 4 ppm was better than that of non-medicated control and the weight gain of medicated group was 1.68kg higher than that of non-medicated group. The method of dose, fenbendazole 4 ppd as feed additive during the 60 consecutive days, has very good anthelmintic and preventive efficacy against 3 intestinal nematodes. The marked egg reduction was detected on 10th-30th day of trial by fecal egg conuts. The method of dose in this experiment was the first case in Korea, so the dose of fenbendazole 4ppm has has very good efficacy against A. suum, T. suis and Oesophagestomum spp.. But it is thought that the anthelmintic and preventive efficacy may be lower at the concentration of 4 ppm after some years, because the resistant species of gastrointesinal nematodes against the low level of feed additive anthelmintics would appear at pigsty which is saw-dust fermentation floow system in Korea. But the resistant strains of intestinal nematodes against anthelmintics were not discovered in Korean pig farms. The dose of fenbendazole 4ppm in feed would be reasonable in pigpen of pregnant sow and growing piglets, especially in pigpen of saw-dust fermention floor system in Korea.
Repellent Effect of Camomile and Lavender Essential Oils against House Dust Mite in Bed Fabric
Cha-Ho Jee, Myun-Goo Kang 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1
House dust mite (HDM) allergens have been associated with allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Various acaricidal agents have been suggested for control of house dust mites; however, their remains act as allergens even after death. Therefore, for avoidance of allergen, expelling the mites is a more effective policy than killing them. In this experiment, we compared the repellent effect of two essential oils (Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula vera) against house dust mites, Dermatophagoids farinae and D. pteronyssinus in bed fabric. The essential oils were applied by direct contact method at various doses (0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00625 μl/cm2) and at various exposure times (30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min). Results of this experiment suggest that the two oils have significant repellent activity. Camomile essential oil in 0.0125 μl/cm2 at 240 minutes had a repellent effect of 93.7% and lavender essential oil in 0.05 μl/cm2 at 180 minutes had a repellent effect of 88.9%. The results of this study showed that camomile essential oil has more potent repellent activity than lavender essential oil at a particular concentration.
Cha Ho Jee, Ah Young Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.4
The aim of this experiment was to count excreted oocysts and to evaluate gross lesions and histopathological changes in broiler chicks infected with Eimeria; E. acervulina (Ea), E. maxima (Em), and E. tenella (Et). Twelve-day-old broiler chicks without infection with Eimeria spp. were used in this experiment. On day 12, the chicks in group Ea (n=3), Em (n=3), and Et (n=3) received oral inoculation with 5 × 103 sporulated oocysts of Ea, Em, and Et per 1 mL of tap water, while control chicks were injected with tap water of equal amount. The prepatent period (PP) for Ea, Em, and Et was four, five, and six days, respectively. To evaluate the progress of the coccidiosis, post-mortem analysis method and histopathological evaluation were performed two days after PP of Ea and Et, and three days after PP of Em at two-day intervals on one bird from each group. Intestinal segments (Ea, duodenum and upper intestine; Em, mid intestine; and, Et, cecum) of all chicks were obtained from the autopsied birds. Among pathological changes of coccidiosis, target parts of small intestine and caecal pouches showed mucosal petechiation and white plaques streaks in the duodenum. Histopathological evidence showed upper small intestinal villus preserved with different phases of parasite (zygotes, oocysts, macro- and micro-gametocytes) after infection with Ea in broiler chicks. Zygotes in the lamina propria and fusion of middle small intestinal villi in broilers infected with Em and invasion of the caecal crypt of oocysts and granulomatous inflammation of caecal submucosa in broilers infected with Et were found.
Jee Hae Chang,Chung-Ju Hwang,Kyung-Ho Kim,Jung-Yul Cha,Kwang-Mahn Kim,Hyung Seog Yu 대한치과교정학회 2018 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.48 No.6
Objective: This study was performed to investigate an appropriate degree of prestretch for orthodontic synthetic elastomeric chains focusing on time-dependent viscoelastic properties. Methods: Orthodontic synthetic elastomeric chains of two brands were prestretched to 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the original length in one and three cycles, and the hysteresis areas of the obtained stress-strain curves were determined. Acrylic plates were employed to maintain constant strain during the experiment. A total of 180 samples were classified into nine groups according to brand, and their stresses and permanent deformations were measured immediately after prestretch (0 hour), after 1 hour and 24 hours, and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks. The relationship between stress relaxation and permanent deformation was investigated for various degrees of prestretch, and the estimated stress resulting from tooth movement was calculated. Results: The degree of prestretch and the stress relaxation ratio exhibited a strong negative correlation, whereas no correlation was found between the degree of prestretch and the average normalized permanent strain. The maximal estimated stress was observed when prestretch was performed in three cycles to 200% of the original length. Conclusions: Although prestretch benefited residual stress, it did not exhibit negative effects such as permanent deformation. The maximal estimated stress was observed at the maximal prestretch, but the difference between prestretch and control groups decreased with time. In general, higher residual stresses were observed for product B than for product A, but this difference was not clinically significant.