Financing for Regional Economic Integration for Northeast Asia II

Lee-Jay Cho,Chang Jae Lee (Editor) 對外經濟政策硏究院 地域情報센터 2011 연구보고 Vol.2011 No.-

한국과 중국, 일본이 포함되어 있는 동북아시아 지역은 러시아, 몽골 및 미국과 긴밀한 관계를 유지하며, 전 세계에서 가장 빠른 경제성장을 지속하고 있는 지역 중 하나이다. 반면 냉전 종식 후 민족주의에 따른 대립으로 인해 지역안보는 아직까지 불안한 상황이다. 동북아시아 지역이 지속적으로 발전하기 위해서는 각국의 경쟁력을 활용하여 공동 번영할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 한다. 북한, 몽골, 극동러시아 및 중국 북동지역의 풍부한 천연자원을 지역발전에 활용하기 위해서는 적절한 인프라 투자가 이루어져야 한다. 또한 에너지 및 환경 분야 역시 막대한 재원조달이 필요한 개발 분야이다. 이러한 개발수요를 충족하기 위한 핵심 수단은 역내 개발 금융 메커니즘을 확립하는 것이다. 이에 본고는 2009년에 발간한 Financing for Regional Economic Integration for Northeast Asia의 속편으로, 동북아시아 개발을 위한 지역개발 금융기관 설립에 관한 논의 현황, 관련 세미나 및 연구결과를 정리하였다. The Northeast Asian region is one of the most dynamic economic regions in the world, which includes the major players of China, Japan and Korea, with productive linkages to resource-rich Russia and Mongolia and to the United States. In contrast to the region's robust economic growth regional security has long been fragile, mainly due to the geopolitical condition resulting from the Cold War era. If the countries in Northeast Asia wish to further their development and prosperity, they will have to learn to harness their dynamic economies and create a region in which peaceful coexistence and common prosperity prevail. Northeast Asia has a northern subregion that includes North Korea, Mongolia, the Russian Far East, and the northeastern provinces of China-an area that is well- endowed with latent natural and human resources. This subregion has the potential of becoming an important source of natural resources for the entire region, and what is needed is to realize that potential through infrastructure investment. Energy security and environment is for example, an important area of cooperation, as the three major countries are heavily dependent on energy imports and are highly vulnerable to energy crisis. Financing requirements for the necessary cross-border infrastructure are likely to be large, and a regional development bank is a key in meeting that financing need. This volume, which is a sequel to the first volume, Financing for Regional Economic Integration for Northeast Asia, is comprised of papers, research reports and summaries of a main conference and several specialized meetings, as well as affiliated activities, that took place under this project. The results of this project represent a considerable beneficial to the region and have been carried out in a spirit of cooperation that we esteem.

A new classification of alopecia areata based on risk stratification by subtype and extent of hair loss: lee classification

( Sung Jay Choe ),( Solam Lee ),( Chung Hyeok Lee ),( Hanil Lee ),( Won-soo Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) could manifest various patterns and degree, some of which are known to be associated with prognosis of disease. There are several classifications in AA, however they reflected the various prognostic factors insufficiently. Objectives: We aimed to establish a classification that reflects the prognostic factors affecting the treatment response. Methods: 94 AA patients were enrolled. We assessed correlation between treatment response and disease-related factors, including pattern and extent of scalp lesion, and presence of lesions on the body hair using multivariate logistic regression. In patients with extrascalp lesion, we assessed the correlation between treatment response and affected site and extent of extrascalp lesions separately. Results: There was a poorer response to scalp involvement with increasing extent. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in treatment response according to the pattern of scalp lesion. Besides, in patients with lesions on the extrascalp hair, there was a tendency to show worse results when involved wider areas and more sites of body hair lesions. Conclusion: We applied these results and developed a new classification based on combination of the pattern and extent of scalp hair lesion and the affected body hair site and extent. It is a new systematic, and evidence-based classification that reflects disease-associated prognostic factors.

Machine learning: Overview of the recent progresses and implications for the process systems engineering field

Lee, Jay H.,Shin, Joohyun,Realff, Matthew J. Elsevier 2018 Computers & chemical engineering Vol.114 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Machine learning (ML) has recently gained in popularity, spurred by well-publicized advances like deep learning and widespread commercial interest in big data analytics. Despite the enthusiasm, some renowned experts of the field have expressed skepticism, which is justifiable given the disappointment with the previous wave of neural networks and other AI techniques. On the other hand, new fundamental advances like the ability to train neural networks with a large number of layers for hierarchical feature learning may present significant new technological and commercial opportunities. This paper critically examines the main advances in deep learning. In addition, connections with another ML branch of reinforcement learning are elucidated and its role in control and decision problems is discussed. Implications of these advances for the fields of process and energy systems engineering are also discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recent advances in deep learning and reinforcement learning (RL) are reviewed. </LI> <LI> Motivation, early problems and recent resolutions of deep learning are discussed. </LI> <LI> The idea of RL and its success in the Go game (<I>a la</I> AlphaGo) are introduced. </LI> <LI> Applicability of RL to multi-stage decision problems in industries is discussed. </LI> <LI> Potential applications and research directions of ML in the PSE domains are given. </LI> </UL> </P>

Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of CO₂ mineralization technology based on bench-scale experiments

Lee, Ji Hyun,Lee, Jay H.,Park, In Kee,Lee, Chang Hyun Elsevier 2018 Journal of CO₂ utilization Vol.26 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work presents a techno-economic & environmental analysis of a CO<SUB>2</SUB> mineralization process, intended to examine its potential for CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction and economic feasibility. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> mineralization technology of this study is composed of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> carbonation process and the brine electrolysis process, producing various chemical compounds such as sodium bicarbonate, hydrogen, and chlorine. Notably, the CO<SUB>2</SUB> mineralization process is able to utilize flue gas with a low concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> that has not been subjected to CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture processes. For the technical feasibility analysis of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> mineralization process examined in the study, performance evaluation is conducted for a bench-scale CO<SUB>2</SUB> mineralization test unit (2 kg/day CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization capacity), yielding sodium bicarbonate of over 97% purity. It is also estimated that the CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization process of this study produces 0.65 tons of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions per ton of sodium bicarbonate produced, which indicates a 2.09 ton CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction compared to the conventional processes which produce 2.74 tons of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions for the same amount of sodium bicarbonate production. With these results as a basis, an economic evaluation is conducted for a commercial-scale CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization plant (sodium bicarbonate production capacity: approximately 5000 tons/year) which utilizes CO<SUB>2</SUB> in flue gas produced from thermal power plants. The evaluation supports the economic feasibility of the process with a benefit/cost ratio (B/C ratio) of 1.12 and internal rate of return (IRR) of 10.4%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> mineralization test unit yields NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> of over 97% purity. </LI> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization process produces 0.65 tons of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions per ton of NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> produced. </LI> <LI> Economic feasibility with a B/C ratio of 1.12 and internal rate of return of 10.4%. </LI> </UL> </P>

Anisotropic Behavior of the Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity in<i> p</i>-Type Bismuth Antimony Telluride (<i>p</i>-Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃) Thin Films

Lee, Won-Yong,Park, No-Won,Ahn, Jay-Young,Umar, Ahmad,Lee, Sang-Kwon American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of nanoelectronics and optoelectronics Vol.12 No.10

<P>Bismuth antimony telluride (Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, BST) is the most widely used p-type thermoelectric (TE) material operating near room temperature. Recently, several research groups reported the enhancement of the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 bulk materials, as a result of using various solidification techniques. It is well known that the ZT value can be enhanced in low-dimensional systems, more so than in bulk material, owing to the enhanced phonon scattering present in such systems. Thus, systematic studies should be carried out on a number of TE materials in order to further enhance their ZT value, by reducing their thermal conductivity. In this study, both the in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of p-type BST thin films in the temperature range 100-450 K were investigated using the four-point-probe 3 omega technique. In this temperature range, the average in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of the films were determined to be approximately, similar to 0.60-0.77 W m(-1) K-1, and similar to 0.4-0.53 W m(-1) K-1, respectively. Furthermore, our experimental results were analyzed using modified Sondheimer and Callaway models in order to calculate the anisotropic ratio, and temperature dependence of the lattice and electronic thermal conductivities for the p-BST thin films in both the in-plane and cross-plane directions.</P>

Implementation of Digital Image Processing for Coastline Extraction from Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

Lee, Dong-Cheon,Seo, Su-Young,Lee, Im-Pyeong,Kwon, Jay-Hyoun,Tuell, Grady H. Korean Society of Surveying 2007 한국측량학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Extraction of the coastal boundary is important because the boundary serves as a reference in the demarcation of maritime zones such as territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone. Accurate nautical charts also depend on well established, accurate, consistent, and current coastline delineation. However, to identify the precise location of the coastal boundary is a difficult task due to tidal and wave motions. This paper presents an efficient way to extract coastlines by applying digital image processing techniques to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. Over the past few years, satellite-based SAR and high resolution airborne SAR images have become available, and SAR has been evaluated as a new mapping technology. Using remotely sensed data gives benefits in several aspects, especially SAR is largely unaffected by weather constraints, is operational at night time over a large area, and provides high contrast between water and land areas. Various image processing techniques including region growing, texture-based image segmentation, local entropy method, and refinement with image pyramid were implemented to extract the coastline in this study. Finally, the results were compared with existing coastline data derived from aerial photographs.

Magnetically-separable and highly-stable enzyme system based on crosslinked enzyme aggregates shipped in magnetite-coated mesoporous silica

Lee, Jinwoo,Na, Hyon Bin,Kim, Byoung Chan,Lee, Jin Hyung,Lee, Byoungsoo,Kwak, Ja Hun,Hwang, Yosun,Park, Je-Geun,Gu, Man Bock,Kim, Jaeyun,Joo, Jin,Shin, Chae-Ho,Grate, Jay W.,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Kim, Jungb Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.42

<P>A magnetically-separable and highly-stable enzyme system was developed by adsorption of enzymes in superparamagnetic hierarchically ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica (M-HMMS) and subsequent enzyme crosslinking. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles were homogeneously incorporated into hierarchically-ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica (HMMS) by the decomposition of a preformed iron propionate complex. The size of the incorporated superparamagnetic nanoparticles was around 5 nm, generating a magnetically separable host with high pore volumes and large pores (M-HMMS). α-chymotrypsin (CT) was adsorbed into M-HMMS with high loading (∼30 wt%) in less than 30 minutes. Glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment of adsorbed CT resulted in nanometer scale crosslinked enzyme aggregates in M-HMMS (CLEA-M). The activity of these CT aggregates in M-HMMS (CLEA-M-CT) was 34 times than that of simply adsorbed CT in M-HMMS, due to an effective prevention of enzyme leaching during washing <I>via</I> a ship-in-a-bottle approach. CLEA-M-CT maintained the initial activity not only under shaking (250 rpm) for 30 days, but also under recycled uses of 35 times. The same approach was employed for the synthesis of CLEA-M of lipase (CLEA-M-LP), and proven to be effective in improving the loading, activity, and stability of enzyme when compared to those of adsorbed LP in M-HMMS.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Crosslinked enzyme aggregates in magnetitie-coated mesoporous silica, fabricated <I>via</I> a two-step procedure of enzyme adsorption and crosslinking, were highly active, highly stable, and easily recyclable using a magnet. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b909109b'> </P>

Aerobic biodegradation of 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine by newly isolated<i>Pseudonocardia</i>sp. strain M43

Lee, Jay J.,Yoon, Jung-Hoon,Yang, Sang-Yong,Lee, Sung-Taik Published by Elsevier/North Holland on behalf of t 2006 FEMS microbiology letters Vol.254 No.1

<P>A filamentous bacterium capable of utilizing 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy was isolated from sludge. The organism, designated as strain M43, clustered most closely with members of the genus Pseudonocardia by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. During the degradation of 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine, c. 60% of nitrogen in the pyridine ring was released as ammonia. Metabolite analyses showed that 2-hydroxy-4-methylpyridine and 2-hydroxy-4-ethylpyridine were transiently accumulated during the degradation of 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine, respectively. Strain M43 was also able to degrade pyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-carboxypyridine and 2-hydroxy-4-methylpyridine. The results indicate that degradation of 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine by strain M43 proceeded via initial hydroxylation.</P>

Characterization of an Endoxylanase Produced by an Isolated Strain of Bacillus sp .

Jay J . Lee,Kyoung Soo Hahm,Ki Young Lee,Sung Taik Lee 한국미생물생명공학회 1997 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.7 No.2

Financing for Regional Economic Integration for Northeast Asia

Lee-Jay Cho,ChangJae Lee eds 對外經濟政策硏究院 地域情報센터 2010 연구보고 Vol.2010 No.-

중국, 일본, 한국을 포함하고 러시아 및 미국과 긴밀한 관계를 유지하고 있는 동북아시아 지역은 전 세계에서 가장 빠른 경제성장을 지속하고 있는 지역 중 하나이다. 반면, 냉전 종식 후 남겨진 민족주의 대립으로 인해 지역안보상황은 아직까지 불안한 상황이다. 동북아시아 지역이 지속적으로 발전하기 위해서는 각 국가의 경제력을 활용하여 공동 번영할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 한다. 북한, 몽골, 극동 러시아 및 중국 북동지역의 풍부한 천연자원을 지역발전에 활용하기 위해서는 적절한 인프라 투자가 이루어져야 하며, 에너지 및 환경 분야 역시 막대한 재원조달이 필요한 개발 분야이다. 이러한 개발수요를 충족하기 위한 핵심 수단은 역내 개발 금융 메커니즘을 확립하는 것이다. 이에 본고는 동북아시아 개발을 위한 지역개발금융기관 설립에 관한 논의 현황, 관련 세미나 및 연구결과를 정리하였다