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Srinivas, Bandla,Krishnamoorthy, U.,Jash, Soumitra Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.2
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of three categories of supplements on intake and diet induced difference on degradation of straw substrates. Sixteen crossbred cattle fitted with rumen cannula were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Animals were fed on wheat straw ad libitum without any supplement except mineral mixture (control; $T_1$) or supplemented with concentrate mixture (CS; $T_2$) or green Lucerne (GLS; $T_3$) or urea-molasses block lick (ULS; $T_4$). Total dry matter intake in $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ was increased by 70, 54 and 49%, respectively compared to $T_1$ which was only 1.55 kg/100 kg B.Wt. Other than control animals, straw intake was less on $T_3$ than $T_2$ or $T_4$. In Sacco degradation of untreated and urea treated wheat or paddy straw in different treatments indicated that the supplements had a significant (p<0.01) impact on rapidly soluble (A) and insoluble but potentially degradable (B) fractions of straw. Urea treatment increased fraction-A but, provision of supplement improved fraction-B also. Effective degradation (ED) of OM was better on $T_2$. Rate of degradation (C) of OM and CWC was dependent on diet and type of straw but hemicellulose and cellulose were related to latter factor only. ED of cell wall carbohydrates (CWC) was similar in $T_2$ and $T_4$ but higher than $T_3$. CS was more effective in improving the degradation of both untreated and urea treated straw while ULS was effective on the former only. CS had more impact on superior quality straw while contrary was true with ULS. Although GLS improved intake and degradability of untreated and urea treated straws, its bulkiness affected the straw intake compared to other supplements.
Optimization of an Intelligent Wheelchair: LiDAR and Camera Vision for Obstacle Avoidance
Joshua Green,Joshua Clounie,Rafael Galarza,Shawn Anderson,Jash Campell-Smith,Razvan Cristian Voicu 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
According to the Wheelchair Foundation, over 131 million individuals depend on a wheelchair. Wheelchairs drastically improve the quality of life by providing partially disabled persons with mobility. Moreover, wheelchairs have become a central component of many hospitals, necessary to transport patients. However, manual wheelchairs limit users’ or helpers’ freedom by requiring direct actuation, either by turning the wheels or pushing the wheelchair. Electric wheelchairs allow users to navigate a wheelchair through a single control mechanism to improve flexibility. Autonomous wheelchairs are the next step in improving the quality of life and further enhancing user freedom. This paper presents the optimization of an automated wheelchair implementing unique and novel path planning and localization indoors. The results illustrate the implementation of camera vision with LiDAR for obstacle avoidance and advancements in a modular infrastructure.