Effect of Algal Inoculation on COD and Nitrogen Removal, and Indigenous Bacterial Dynamics in Municipal Wastewater

( Jangho Lee ),( Jaejin Lee ),( Sudheer Kumar Shukla ),( Joonhong Park ),( Tae Kwon Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.5

The effects of algal inoculation on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal, and indigenous bacterial dynamics were investigated in municipal wastewater. Experiments were conducted with municipal wastewater inoculated with either Chlorella vulgaris AG10032, Selenastrum gracile UTEX 325, or Scenedesmus quadricauda AG 10308. C. vulgaris and S. gracile as fast growing algae in municipal wastewater, performed high COD and TN removal in contrast to Sc. quadricauda. The indigenous bacterial dynamics revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplification showed different bacterial shifts in response to different algal inoculations. The dominant bacterial genera of either algal case were characterized as heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria. Our results suggest that selection of indigenous bacteria that symbiotically interact with algal species is important for better performance of wastewater treatment.

환경모니터링을 위한 집비둘기 알 껍데기의 중금속 축적특성 연구

이장호 ( Jangho Lee ),이종천 ( Jongchun Lee ),박종혁 ( Jong Hyouk Park ),이유진 ( Eugene Lee ),심규영 ( Kyuyoung Shim ),김명진 ( Myungjin Kim ),신영규 ( Youngkyu Shin ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.6

The heavy metal accumulations of avian eggshells were studied in order to test a feral pigeon (Columba livia)`s eggshell as an indicator for the environmental monitoring of pollutants. The reviews on the eggs of the different 19 avian species showed that it is the eggshell rather than the egg content that can better reflect the heavy metals in the environment; in most cases the CVs (coefficients of variations) of the heavy metal concentrations in the eggshells were higher than those in the egg contents. This can indicate that the heavy metal accumulations are homeostatically controlled in the egg contents, but the accumulations in the eggshells are varied according to the environmental conditions. To test the reviews, the feral pigeon eggs from the two different sites, one representing urban and the other rural environment, were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The result showed that the eggshells of the urban pigeons (Hangang) had the higher metal concentrations than those of the rural pigeons (Hampyeong). The same difference can also be found in the internal organs (liver, bone) and blood. However, the analyses of the egg contents between the two sites did not reveal the differences. In other words, the result suggests that the feral pigeons, like the other avian species, are able to control the heavy metals into the egg contents homeostatically. Therefore, it is more useful to use the feral pigeon eggshell rather than the egg content in case of monitoring heavy metals in different habitats.

환경오염 지표종인 집비둘기의 생체조직 내 중금속 분포 특성

이장호 ( Jangho Lee ),이종천 ( Jongchun Lee ),박종혁 ( Jong-hyouk Park ),이유진 ( Eugene Lee ),심규영 ( Kyuyoung Shim ),장희연 ( Heeyeon Jang ),김명진 ( Myungjin Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2016 환경영향평가 Vol.25 No.6

본 연구에서는 환경오염 모니터링 지표종인 집비둘기(Columba livia)의 생체조직 내 중금속 축적 특성을 파악하기 위해 국가환경시료은행 자체 모니터링 지점(한강공원, 함평공원)에서 채집된 집비둘기 시료를 분석하고, 집비둘기를 포함한 국내외 조류 총 17종의 연구 자료를 검토하여 생체조직 내 중금속 분포특성을 고찰하였다. 유해 중금속인 카드뮴은 한강공원과 함평공원 모두에서 신장에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 국내외 집비둘기 사례와 기타 사례 총 34개 중 31개에서도 조류종과 상관없이 거의 대부분 신장이 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 나타냈다. 유해 중금속인 납은 한강공원과 함평공원 모두에서 뼈가 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 나타냈으며, 기존 연구사례 총 30개 중 17개에서 뼈에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 다음으로 신장(10개 사례), 간(3개 사례) 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 납의 주요 축적 조직은 뼈라고 볼 수 있다. 아연은 한강공원에서 간에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 함평공원에서는 뼈에 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 기존 연구사례 총 16개 중 13개에서는 뼈에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 다음으로 간이 차지하였다. 본 연구에서는 이상의 결과 등을 중금속의 생화학적 축적특성(뼈 생성과정에서 납-칼슘의 경쟁관계, 중금속 흡착 단백질(메탈로치오네인)의 역할 등)과 관련하여 검토하였다. 이러한 검토결과는 향후 집비둘기의 오염물질 축적 모니터링 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In this study, heavy metal distributions in the tissues of feral pigeon (Columba livia) were characterized using samples collected from bio-monitoring sites (Hangang Park and Hampyeong Park) of the NESB (National Environmental Specimen Bank), Korea, in order to evaluate the feasibility of feral pigeons as an indicator for the environmental monitoring. Cadmium (Cd) was analyzed to be accumulated in kidneys at higher concentration than in the other tissues. Such trend can also be found in the reviews on the Cd accumulations of the 34 cases including 17 avian species which showed that 31 cases had the highest Cd concentrations in the kidney among tissues. However, lead (Pb) was found to be richest in the bones in this study. 17 cases out of 30 reviewed cases had the highest Pb concentration in bones, whereas other 10 cases showed the highest concentration in kidneys, and 3 cases in livers. Therefore, kidneys together with bones can be a main target organ to test cadmium exposure to different habitat environments depending on physiological traits of birds. Zinc (Zn) was found to be the highest concentration in the pigeon livers of Hangang Park, but not in the bones. In contrast, the 13 cases of 16 reviewed cases had the highest Zn concentration in bones, and the 3 cases in livers. In addition, the heavy metal distribution patterns in relations to the metal accumulation mechanisms (a competition between Pb and Ca, a function of methallothionein protein, and etc.) were discussed.

환경 오염물질 분석용 생물 표준물질 균질성 시험평가 연구

이장호 ( Jangho Lee ),정다위 ( David Chung ),최정희 ( Jeong-heui Choi ),이수용 ( Jongchun Lee ),이종천 ( Soo Yong Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.12

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been sampling and cryogenically preserving various wildlife specimens to monitor bio-accumulations of chemical pollutants since 2010. Recently, the NESB set up a plan to develop reference materials at their facility to assure the analytical quality of and validate the analytical methods for their monitoring samples. One of the crucial characteristics of reference materials is intra- and inter-bottle homogeneity. In this study, we used ANOVA for total mercury concentrations in some samples to validate their homogeneities after milling and homogenization. We examined the intra- and inter-bottle homogeneities of two cryogenically-milled samples (Korean mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and black-tailed gull’s egg (Larus crassirostris). The variations in the total mercury concentrations were not significantly different intra- and inter-bottle (mussel: F=0.74, p=0.67; gull egg: F=1.96, p=0.10). Additionally, the relative standard deviations of the total mercury concentrations showed low values (mussel: 2.02%, gull egg: 1.78%). Therefore, the cryogenic-milling process statistically proves the homogeneity of the materials of mussels and sea gull eggs for chemical analysis for total mercury.

RNN 기반 Sequence-to-Sequence 학습을 이용한 문장 복원 성능 평가

이장호(Jangho Lee),이재구(Jaekoo Lee),이성민(Sungmin Lee),최민석(Minsuk Choi),윤성로(Sungroh Yoon) 한국정보과학회 2016 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

Time Delay Fault Tolerant Controller for Actuator Failures during Aircraft Autolanding

LEE, Jangho,CHOI, Hyoung Sik,LEE, Sangjong,KIM, Eung Tai,SHIN, Dongho THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIEN 2012 Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical Vol.55 No.3

<P>A time delay control methodology is adopted to cope with degraded control performance due to control surface damage of unmanned aerial vehicles, especially in the case of the automatic landing phase. It is a crucial challenge to maintain consistent control performance even under fault environments such as stuck and/or incipient actuator faults. Flight control systems designed using conventional feedback control methods in such cases may result in unsatisfactory performance, and even worse, may not guarantee the closed-loop stability, which is fatal for aircraft in the state of auto-landing. To overcome the shortfalls of the conventional approach, the time delay control scheme is adopted. This scheme is known to be robust against disturbance, model uncertainties and so on. Motivated by the fact that the abrupt and/or incipient actuator faults focused on in this paper could be considered as model uncertainties, we consider the application of the time delay controller to designing a fault tolerant control system. To show the effectiveness of the time delay control method, a nonlinear 6-DOF simulation is performed under model uncertainties and wind disturbances, and control performance is compared with that of conventional controllers in the case of multiple and single actuator faults.</P>

Lyapunov Control Law for Automatic Approach for Unmanned Helicopter Landing

LEE, Jangho,KIM, Seong Pil,SHIN, Dongho,CHOI, Hyoung Sik,SEONG, Kie Jeong,KIM, Youdan THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIEN 2011 Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical Vol.53 No.182

<P>Describing the flight behavior of a helicopter is a difficult challenge in mathematical modeling. A rotorcraft can be considered as a complex arrangement of interacting subsystems, and the problem is dominated by rotor. The rotor blades bend and twist under the influence of unsteady and nonlinear aerodynamic loads, which are themselves a function of blade motion. This problem makes it more difficult to estimate the behavior of a helicopter. Furthermore, it is difficult to design a flight controller for unmanned helicopter systems. In this paper, to obtain a nonlinear dynamic model of a helicopter, parameter identification is performed using flight test data. A globally stable tracking control law for agile and precise landing of an unmanned helicopter is proposed. A near-minimum time control scheme is adopted to design the reference trajectory, and it is shown that the control law is guaranteed to be stable globally in the sense of Lyapunov. A flight test verified the performance of the proposed method. Performance can be improved by choosing the control parameters via optimization. The proposed method can be extended to a multiple output trajectory tracking problem for a precise fixed-wing UAV landing.</P>

Analysis of source regions and meteorological factors for the variability of spring PM₁₀ concentrations in Seoul, Korea

Lee, Jangho,Kim, Kwang-Yul Elsevier 2018 Atmospheric environment Vol.175 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>CSEOF analysis is applied for the springtime (March, April, May) daily PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations measured at 23 Ministry of Environment stations in Seoul, Korea for the period of 2003–2012. Six meteorological variables at 12 pressure levels are also acquired from the ERA Interim reanalysis datasets. CSEOF analysis is conducted for each meteorological variable over East Asia. Regression analysis is conducted in CSEOF space between the PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations and individual meteorological variables to identify associated atmospheric conditions for each CSEOF mode. By adding the regressed loading vectors with the mean meteorological fields, the daily atmospheric conditions are obtained for the first five CSEOF modes. Then, HYSPLIT model is run with the atmospheric conditions for each CSEOF mode in order to back trace the air parcels and dust reaching Seoul. The K-means clustering algorithm is applied to identify major source regions for each CSEOF mode of the PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations in Seoul. Three main source regions identified based on the mean fields are: (1) northern Taklamakan Desert (NTD), (2) Gobi Desert and (GD), and (3) East China industrial area (ECI). The main source regions for the mean meteorological fields are consistent with those of previous study; 41% of the source locations are located in GD followed by ECI (37%) and NTD (21%). Back trajectory calculations based on CSEOF analysis of meteorological variables identify distinct source characteristics associated with each CSEOF mode and greatly facilitate the interpretation of the PM<SUB>10</SUB> variability in Seoul in terms of transportation route and meteorological conditions including the source area.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Distinct modes of PM<SUB>10</SUB> variability in Seoul are identified via CSEOF analysis and are tied with associated meteorological variables and source regions in East Asia. HYSPLIT model is run with the meteorological fields for each CSEOF mode to identify the respective source regions in East Asia. </LI> <LI> In the mean climatological sense, main source regions for the PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations in Seoul are identified as: northern Taklamakan Desert, Gobi Desert, and East China industrial area. GD is the most dominant source region of PM<SUB>10</SUB> events, while NTD contributes most to extreme PM<SUB>10</SUB> events. </LI> <LI> Due to the distinct atmospheric conditions associated with the CSEOF modes, the source characteristics—source regions and frequencies for PM<SUB>10</SUB> and extreme PM<SUB>10</SUB> events—differ significantly from one mode to another. </LI> </UL> </P>

Analysis of volatile compounds as quality indicators for Fuji apples after cold storage

Lee, Jangho,Jang, Hae Won,Jeong, Moon Cheol,Yoo, SeungRan,Ha, Jaeho Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing) 2017 Journal of Food Biochemistry Vol.41 No.6

Protective effect of Tremella fuciformis Berk extract on LPS-induced acute inflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways

Lee, Jangho,Ha, Su Jeong,Lee, Hye Jin,Kim, Min Jung,Kim, Jin Hee,Kim, Yun Tai,Song, Kyung-Mo,Kim, Young-Jun,Kim, Hyun Ku,Jung, Sung Keun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Food & Function Vol.7 No.7

<▼1><▼1><P><I>Tremella fuciformis</I> Berk (TFB) prevent LPS-mediated inflammation by inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways.</P></▼1><▼2><P><I>Tremella fuciformis</I> Berk (TFB) has long been used as a traditional medicine in Asia. Although TFB exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, the mechanisms of action responsible have remained unknown. We confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of <I>Tremella fuciformis</I> Berk extract (TFE) in RAW 264.7 cells and observed significantly suppressed LPS-induced iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 production. TFE also suppressed LPS-induced IKK, IkB, and p65 phosphorylation, as well as LPS-induced translocation of p65 from the cytosol. Additionally, TFE inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs. In an acute inflammation study, oral administration of TFE significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production and iNOS and COX-2 expression. The major bioactive compounds from TFB extract were identified as gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and coumaric acid. Among these compounds, protocatechuic acid showed the strongest inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, these results suggest that TFE is a promising anti-inflammatory agent that suppresses iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 expression, as well as the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.</P></▼2></▼1>