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ALL HAIL GOOGLE LLC; GOOGLE SCHOLAR AS AN ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW TOOL
James Durl,Bo Pang, Griffith,Timo Dietrich 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Marketing is a broad discipline spanning numerous fields, often leading to cross-disciplinary research. It is a saturated discipline with numerous academic outputs published annually. With a constantly expanding knowledge base, and increased emphasis on researchers ‘proving the worth’ of their research, marketing scholars are increasingly required to quickly search, extract and synthesize literature. Researchers must then be able to demonstrate a thorough understanding of their research context. This often calls for a systematic approach. Typically, Systematic Literature Review (SLR) searches are conducted across multiple databases, over a number of years, which is a lengthy and complicated process that can result in errors. The present research outlines the search strategies of previously published SLR’s searches, and replicates these searches in Google Scholar (GS). The aim is to understand the reliability of GS as a primary search tool to, potentially, alleviate lengthy and complicated procedures seen in existing SLR’s.
Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box
Kronstad, James W.,Attarian, Rodgoun,Cadieux, Brigitte,Choi, Jaehyuk,D'Souza, Cletus A.,Griffiths, Emma J.,Geddes, Jennifer M. H.,Hu, Guanggan,Jung, Won Hee,Kretschmer, Matthias,Saikia, Sanjay,Wang, J Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature reviews. Microbiology Vol.9 No.3
Cryptococcus neoformans is generally considered to be an opportunistic fungal pathogen because of its tendency to infect immunocompromised individuals, particularly those infected with HIV. However, this view has been challenged by the recent discovery of specialized interactions between the fungus and its mammalian hosts, and by the emergence of the related species Cryptococcus gattii as a primary pathogen of immunocompetent populations. In this Review, we highlight features of cryptococcal pathogens that reveal their adaptation to the mammalian environment. These features include not only remarkably sophisticated interactions with phagocytic cells to promote intracellular survival, dissemination to the central nervous system and escape, but also surprising morphological and genomic adaptations such as the formation of polyploid giant cells in the lung.
Yi-Xiáng J Wáng,James F Griffith,Min Deng,David KW Yeung,Jing Yuan 대한영상의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.16 No.1
Bilateral oophorectomy leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), and reduced BMD is associated with increased marrow fat and reduced marrow perfusion. Purpose of this study was to investigate how soon these changes occur following surgical oophorectomy. Six patients who underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were studied. At baseline, mean patient age was 49.5 years (range: 45–54 years). Third lumbar vertebral body BMD measurement using quantitative CT, marrow fat fraction (FF) using MR spectroscopy and marrow perfusion using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI were conducted immediately prior to surgery and at 3, 9, and 21 months after surgery. Reduced BMD, increased marrow FF, and reduced marrow perfusion occurred synchronously post-oophorectomy. There was a sharp decrease of 12.5 ± 7.2% in BMD (n = 6), a sharp increase of 92.2 ± 46.3% (n = 6) in FF, a sharp decrease of 23.6 ± 3.9% in maximum contrast enhancement (n = 5), and of 45.4 ± 7.7% for enhancement slope (n = 5) during the initial 3 months post surgery. BMD and marrow perfusion continued to decrease, and marrow FF continued to increase at a slower rate during the following 18 months. Friedman test showed a significant trend for these changes (p < 0.05). Bilateral oophorectomy leads to a rapid decrease in lumbar BMD, an increase in marrow fat content, and a decrease in marrow blood perfusion.
Ng Alex Wing Hung,Griffith James Francis,Tsoi Carita,Fong Raymond Chun Wing,Mak Michael Chu Kay,Tse Wing Lim,Ho Pak Cheong 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.7
Objective: To investigate changes in the median nerve, retinaculum, and carpal tunnel on ultrasound after successful endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 37 wrists in 35 patients (5 male, 30 female; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.9 ± 6.7 years) with primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). An in-house developed scoring system (0–3) was used to gauge the clinical improvement after ECTR. Ultrasound was performed before ECTR, and at 1, 3, and 12 months post-ECTR. Changes in the median nerve, flexor retinaculum, and carpal tunnel morphology on ultrasound after ECTR were analyzed. Ultrasound parameters for different clinical improvement groups were compared. Results: All patients improved clinically after ECTR. The average clinical improvement score ± SD at 12 months post-ECTR was 2.2 ± 0.7. The median nerve cross-sectional area proximal and distal to the tunnel decreased at all time intervals post- ECTR but remained swollen compared to normal values. Serial changes in the median nerve caliber and retinacular bowing after ECTR were more pronounced at the tunnel outlet than at the tunnel inlet. The flexor retinaculum had reformed in 25 (68%) of 37 wrists after 12 months. Conclusion: Postoperative changes in median nerve and retinaculum parameters were most pronounced at the tunnel outlet. Even in patients with clinical improvement after ECTR, nearly all ultrasound parameters remain abnormal at one year post- ECTR. These ultrasound parameters should not necessarily be relied upon to diagnose persistent CTS after ECTR.