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지방정부의 목표관리와 예산관리의 연계를 위한 모형 연구 - 부산광역시를 중심으로 -
박영강 ( Park Young-kwang ),강성권 ( Kang Sung-kwon ),강재호 ( Kang Jae-ho ),이강웅 ( Lee Gang-woong ),이종필 ( Lee Jong-pil ) 부산연구원 2004 연구보고서 공동연구 Vol.2004 No.0
There are two recent trends in improving performance of local government: The one is result-oriented budget system developed in European countries; the other is Management By Objectives (MBO) carried out in the United States. Japanese local governments, in which changes in budget system occur relatively slow, attempt to introduce performance-oriented administrative evaluation system while in Korea, Seoul local government makes a move to improve MBO by including performance-based budget system. Busan Metropolitan City has drawn up partially performance-based budgets(PB) in four areas (Financial Management Division, Environment Bureau, Busan Cultural Center and the Special Accounts for Transportation Project) since 2003, but budget system in general remains the same because, the performance proposals in budgets were merely linked with general directors and managers' objectives under MBO. The purpose of this study is to examine expected problems in introducing objective- budget connection system and to find alternatives and implications by analyzing the cases of three cities: Seoul of Korea, Suginami-Gu of Tokyo, Japan, City of Phoenix, U.S.A. Results showed that Suginami-Gu's administrative evaluation system was less effective than that of Phoenix mixing with PB and MBO. That of Seoul having a similar model to Phoenix budget system was turned out to be less effective. This means experience and technique of evaluation are more important in the efficiency of evaluation model rather than structural factors of evaluation model itself. Based on these results, we proposed basic directions of an objective-budget connection system to improve the efficiency of the system and institutional and technical alternatives as follows: First of all, when Korean local governments look for a new objective-budget connection system, Seoul's performance-management model will be a major alternative. Suginami-Gu's administrative evaluation system can be easily applicable, but it is not yet linked with personal compensation and promotion so that it may be passive in developing an evaluation index and its techniques. There for the operational experience and model of Phoenix having a similar model to Seoul's would be helpful. When we introduce a performance-management system of Seoul, we may have to consider the following institutional and technical alternatives in order to increase its efficiency: ① It is required to renovate the structure of Seoul's performance-based budgetary system. The case of Phoenix would be an alternative. ② To develop a performance index corresponding to the characteristics of Busan, it is needed to keep close bondage between evaluation-in-charge department and project departments, and to obtain external institutions' support and NGO's involvement. In this process, an organization's mission should be identified. In the setting up managers' personal goals require a concrete and diverse index like Phoenix's. ③ For performance evaluation as a core function of object-budget connection system, it is required to reinforce evaluation-in-charge department, to establish an adequate evaluation procedure and to carry out systematic training for supervisors' evaluation skill improvement and active participation of staff members. ④ To promote the efficiency of connection model, the inducement measure should be strengthened and its application should be expanded gradually. In Busan's case, bonus is offered as a means of the inducement. As the inducement effect of bonus is not high, the standard for bonus distribution should be varied to enhance the inducement effect. Structural renovation of budget system in the proposed alternatives requires central government's changes in the guide on the compilation of budget, but it can be done on the local government level. Reorganization of the evaluation agency and financial inducement structure can be achieved through local government's individual revision of ordinances and regulations. Thus, institutional restriction is unlikely to occur in the process of introducing a new objective-budget system. Those alternatives are considered as basic contents when Busan Metropolitan City introduces a new system mixing MBO with PB. But supplementary case studies on each country's budgetary structure and related financial system will be desirable. To realize these alternatives, it is required to overcome resistance from members of an organization and to secure political force to settle down the new system. It is desirable for a mayor of local government to have his/her confidence to pursue administrative reform and to obtain supports from community's council and opinions at the same time. This study is jointly conducted by Busan Development Institute and Dong-eui University in the form of Research-Academia consortium. Professor Kang, Jae-Ho of Busan National University participated in the project as a special researcher. We appreciate the advice and help of those who offered relevant materials from domestic and overseas. Especially, we would like to express our sincere thanks director Sakae Sueki and his staff members in the Department of Planning at Suginami-Gu of Tokyo, Professor Hiroshi Sato of Chuogakuin University in Japan, and Mr. Bob Wingenroth, City Auditor and his Deputy City Auditors, Ms. Diane L. Artrip, JoAnne M. Dukeshire in Phoenix, Arizona.
Letters to the Editor : Intractable Tufted Angioma Associated with Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
( Jae Woo Choi ),( Jung Im Na ),( Jong Soo Hong ),( Soon Hyo Kwon ),( Sang Young Byun ),( Kwang Hyun Cho ),( Sang Woong Youn ),( Hyung Soo Choi ),( Kyoung Duk Park ),( Kyoung Chan Park ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.1
HCC : O-048 ; Laparoscopic liver resection for T1 and T2 hepatocellular carcinoma
( Sang Hyun Song ),( Choon Hyuck David Kwon ),( Jae Won Joh ),( Jong Man Kim ),( Milljae Shin ),( Sung Joo Kim ),( Suk Koo Lee ),( Tae Suk Kim ),( Hyung Hwan Moon ),( Young Nam Roh ),( Sang Hoon Lee ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Laparoscopic liver resection has gained much popularity in recent years, but relatively few centers have performed laparoscopic hepatectomies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients due to the technical difficulties. We now present our early experience with laparoscopic liver resection in HCC performed in a single institution. Methods: From January 2008 until February 2011, total 761 patients of hepatectomy was done and we excluded TNM stage 3, tumors over 5cm and location of tumors of segment I, VII, VIII. 84 laparoscopic liver resections were performed and open conversion was 13 cases (15.4%). To reduce selection bias we made a propensity case matching and selected 50 pairs of each operation group. Results: The cause of open conversion were bleeding for 7 cases, inability to find a mass for 3 cases, severe adhesion for 2 cases and tumor margin for 1 case. Preoperative variables of each group were comparable. The length of hospital stay was shorter in laparoscopic resection group than open resection group. (9.5 days vs 13.2 days, p=0.018) Disease free survival was not different with each group and overall survival was also comparable. 3 year disease free survival in laparoscopic resection group was 35.3% and open resection group was 51.6%. (p=0.409) 3 year survival rate in laparoscopic resection group was 81.3% and open resection group was 90.2%. (p=0.590) Conclusions: Laparoscopic liver resection for HCC can be a feasible and safe operative method in early stage HCC. To draw a final conclusion, randomized control study and long term follow up is needed.
Position Change of the Neurovascular Structures around the Carpal Tunnel with Dynamic Wrist Motion
Kwon, Jae-Yoel,Kim, Ji-Young,Hong, Jae-Taek,Sung, Jae-Hoon,Son, Byung-Chul,Lee, Sang-Won The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2011 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.50 No.4
Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomic relationships between neurovascular structures and the transverse carpal ligament so as to avoid complications during endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery. Methods : Twenty-eight patients (age range, 35-69 years) with carpal tunnel syndrome were entered into the study. We examined through wrist magnetic resonance imaging in three different positions (neutral, radial flexion, and ulnar flexion) and determined several anatomic landmark (distance from the hamate hook to the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and ulnar vessel) based on the lateral margin of the hook of the hamate. The median nerve and ulnar neurovascular structure were studied with the wrist in the neutral, ulnar, and radial flexion positions. Results : The ulnar neurovascular structures usually passed just over or ulnar to the hook of the hamate. However, in 12 hands, a looped ulnar artery coursed 0.6-3.3 mm radial to the hook of the hamate and continued to the superficial palmar arch. The looped ulnar artery migrates on the ulnar side of Guyon's canal (-5.2-1.8 mm radial to the hook of the hamate) with the wrist in radial flexion. During ulnar flexion of the wrist, the ulnar artery shifts more radially beyond the hook of the hamate (-2.5-5.7 mm). Conclusion : It is appropriate to transect the ligament greater than 4 mm apart from the lateral margin of the hook of the hamate without placing the edge of the scalpel toward the ulnar side. We would also recommend not transecting the transverse carpal ligament in the ulnar flexed wrist position to protect the ulnar neurovascular structure.
Kwon, Young-Tae,Eom, Nu Si A,Choi, Yo-Min,Kim, Bum-Sung,Kim, Taek-Soo,Lee, Chan-Gi,Lee, Kun-Jae,Choa, Yong-Ho American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.10
<P>In this study, CdSe core and CdSe/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots with a narrow size distribution were synthesized in a micro-reactor. A PMMA coating applied to the surface of CdSe/ZnSe core/shell QDs to prevent degradation gave improved dispersion stability compared to the CdSe core and CdSe/ZnSe core/shell. Many previous approaches to dispersion stability have not been quantitatively assessed. The dispersion stability was confirmed by multiple light scattering measurement. Additionally, the PMMA-coated CdSe/ZnSe QDs showed greatly improved optical properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 80%. This structural motif is expected to prevent the degradation of QDs.</P>
( Jae Young Jang ),( Eun Kyung Cho ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Ji Eun Lee ),( Jin Woo Choo ),( Jin Nyoung Kim ),( Soon Ha Kwon ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Y 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background/Aim: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases hepatocyte apoptosis in response to the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) family. We investigated the mechanism of apoptosis, particularly the intracellular pathway in JFH-1 (HCV) infected Huh 7.5.1 cells using recombinant TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) and caspase inhibitors. Methods: Apoptosis was measured by western blotting for cleaved PARP. Expression of caspase 8, 9 and inactivation of caspase pathways using recombinant TRAIL and caspase inhibitors were assessed, respectively. Results: 1) We found increased cleaved PARP in JFH-1 infected Huh 7.5.1 cells compared to Huh 7.5.1 cells (p < 0.001). 2) Optimal concentration and time of recombinant TRAIL were 100 ng/mL of concentration and 4 hours of incubation time. 3) Cleaved PARP in JFH-1 infected Huh 7.5.1 cells in the presence of recombinant TRAIL was more increased compared to those without recombinant TRAIL (p < 0.001). 4) Both TRAIL R1 (DR4) and R2 (DR5) mRNA and protein expression were increased in JFH-1 infected Huh 7.5.1 cells compared to Huh 7.5.1 cells (p < 0.05). 5) HCV induced apoptosis was decreased by DR4 and DR5 siRNA (p < 0.05). 6) Increased caspase 8 and 9 activity was found in JFH-1 infected Huh 7.5.1 cells in the presence of recombinant TRAIL compared to those without recombinant TRAIL (p < 0.001). 7) The degree of increased caspase 8 and caspase 9 activity was similar in JFH-1 infected Huh 7.5.1. 8) Caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors blocked apoptosis induced by HCV comparably to pancaspase inhibitor. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that hepatocyte apoptosis is increased in the presence of HCV compared to Huh 7.5.1 cells alone, and this increase is mediated by sensitizing human hepatocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a caspase 8 and 9 dependent manner.