Synthesis of C₆₀-end capped P3HT and its application for high performance of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells

Lee, Jea Uk,Jung, Jae Woong,Emrick, Todd,Russell, Thomas P.,Jo, Won Ho Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.16

<P>A new C<SUB>60</SUB>-end capped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB>) was synthesized <I>via</I> a simple three-step process, and used as a compatibilizer for P3HT/PCBM composite for the purpose of controlling the morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite film, and thus improving the long-term thermal stability of solar cell performance. When a small amount of P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB> was added to P3HT/PCBM, the bicontinuous and nanometre-scale film morphology was developed and preserved for 2 h of annealing at 150 °C. Furthermore, the addition of P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB> as a compatibilizer suppressed large-scale phase separation of P3HT/PCBM composite even after prolonged annealing time (8 days), and as a result, the P3HT/PCBM/P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB> bulk heterojunction solar cells exhibited the excellent long-term thermal stability of device performance.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new C<SUB>60</SUB>-end capped poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized <I>via</I> a simple three-step process, and used as a compatibilizer for P3HT/PCBM composite for the purpose of controlling the morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite film and thus improving the long-term thermal stability of solar cell performance. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b923752f'> </P>

Morphology control of a polythiophene–fullerene bulk heterojunction for enhancement of the high-temperature stability of solar cell performance by a new donor–acceptor diblock copolymer

Lee, Jea Uk,Jung, Jae Woong,Emrick, Todd,Russell, Thomas P,Jo, Won Ho IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.10

<P>A well defined diblock copolymer (P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB>) based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was synthesized via two controlled polymerization steps and used as a compatibilizer for the P3HT/PCBM blend, which has widely been used as an active layer in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The addition of a small amount of P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB> results in not only the reduction of phase size of P3HT/PCBM blend but also the suppression of macrophase separation for long-time thermal annealing owing to the preferential location of the diblock copolymers at the interface between P3HT and PCBM phases. The morphology change with the annealing time is closely related to the change of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells: the PCE of P3HT/PCBM greatly decreases with increasing annealing time while the addition of P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB> significantly reduces the decrease of PCE for long-time thermal annealing. </P>

Efficiency limit of InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells attributed to quantum dot size effects

Han, Im Sik,Smith, Ryan P.,Kim, Jong Su,Noh, Sam Kyu,Lee, Sang Jun,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Leem, Jae-Young Elsevier 2016 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.155 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of quantum dot (QD) size on the optical and electrical properties of InAs/GaAs QD solar cells (QDSCs) were investigated. QDSCs with varying InAs QD size were fabricated by controlling the total InAs deposition thickness (<I>θ</I>) from 0 to 3.0 mono-layers (ML). The optical and electrical properties of the QDSCs were investigated using photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL (TRPL), photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage (<I>C</I>-<I>V</I>), and current-voltage (<I>J-V</I>) measurements. The QD size effects on the p-n junction electric fields (<I> <B>F</B> </I> <SUB> <I> <B>pn</B> </I> </SUB>) and the efficiencies (<I>η</I>) of the QDSCs were revealed. The QDSCs had a maximum <I>η</I> of 21.17% for <I>θ</I>=2.0ML (the efficiency is enhanced by 17.4% over the reference GaAs-SC) and minimized <I> <B>F</B> </I> <SUB> <I> <B>pn</B> </I> </SUB> (113kV/cm) by an enhanced photovoltaic effect caused by improved carrier generation. We find that these optimal properties result from a balance between carrier generation and exhaustion processes through trapping and re-capturing by defects and relatively large QDs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effect of quantum dot (QD) size on the optical and electrical properties of InAs/GaAs QD solar cells (QDSCs) was investigated. </LI> <LI> The QD size effects on the p-n junction electric fields (<I>F</I> <SUB> <I>pn</I> </SUB>) and the efficiencies (<I>η</I>) of the QDSCs were revealed. </LI> <LI> The QD size affects <I>η</I> and <I>F</I> <SUB> <I>pn</I> </SUB> due to the balance between the carrier generation and exhaustion processes through trapping and re-capturing. </LI> </UL> </P>

개의 실험적 췌외분비부전에서 단백과 탄수화물의 흡수가 지방 흡수에 미치는 영향

정준표,정재복,박승우,이세준,문병수,송시영,이관식,이상인,문영명,강진경,Eugene, P. Dimagno 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회지 Vol.40 No.2

목적: 췌외분비부전에 의한 지방변의 치료는 아직 난제로서 이를 해결하기 위해서는 지방 흡수에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히는 것이 필요하다. 식이가 지방 흡수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 아직 지방, 단백 및 탄수화물 등의 흡수에 있어서 상호 관련성 여부에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 개의 실험적 췌외분비부전에서 지방, 단백 및 탄수화물 등의 흡수가 효소 제제(세균성 리파제, 돼지 췌효소제) 및 용량 의존적인지, 지방 흡수가 단백 및 탄수화물의 흡수와 연관되는지 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 20 ㎏ 내외의 암컷 mongrel 개 5마리를 사용하였고, 주-부췌관을 결찰-분리하여 췌외분비 부전을 유발하였다. 효소제의 제형은 모두 분말을 사용하였으며, 용량은 세균성 리파제와 돼지 췌효소제 각각 7.500, 15,000, 30,000 IU을 사용하여 무순서로 실험하였고, 무치료 대조실험도 시행하였다. 실험식이로는 고지방식이{850 Cal, 지방 43% (80.2 g), 단백질 36% (151.6 g), 탄수화물 21% (98.2 g)}를 사용하였다. 72시간 동안 대변을 수집하여 대변내 지방, 단백 및 탄수화물의 양을 측정하였고, g/24 hr로 환산하였다. 지방, 단백 및 탄수화물의 coefficient of fat absorption (CFA), coefficient of protein absorption (CPA) 및 coefficient of carbohydrate absorption (CCA)을 계산하였으며, 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 통계 처리하였다. 결과: CFA, CPA 및 CCA 모두 췌효소제의 용량 의존적으로 증가하였으며(각각 p<0.001), CFA와 CPA는 돼지 췌효소제가 세균성 리파제보다 더 컸으나(각각 p=0.002 및 p<0.001), CCA는 효소제의 종류와는 무관하였다. CPA가 증가할수록 CFA는 증가하였으며(p<0.001), CCA가 증가하여도 CFA는 증가하였다(p<0.001). 결론: 개의 실험적 췌외분비부전에서 지방, 단백 및 탄수화물의 흡수는 췌효소의 용량 의존적으로 증가하고, 돼지 췌효소제가 세균성 리파제보다 지방 및 단백의 흡수에 유리하며, 단백과 탄수화물의 증가는 지방의 흡수를 증가시킨다. 따라서 단백과 탄수화물의 흡수를 극대화하도록 식이를 조절하면 지방 흡수를 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Interactions among fat, protein, and carbohydrate absorption may play a role in the treatment of steatorrhea. We determined in canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) whether fat, protein, and carbohydrate absorptions are dependent on the pancreatic enzyme preparation (bacterial lipase, BL; porcine lipase, PL) and whether absorption of fat is related to absorptions of protein and carbohydrate. Methods: Five dogs underwent ligation of pancreatic ducts. Then, seventy two-hour fecal balance studies were performed while a high fat meal (fat 43%) was given. Powdered BL or PL was given at doses of 0, 7,500, 15,000, and 30,000 IU. Stool fat, protein, and carbohydrate were measured and coefficients of fat (CFA), protein (CPA), and carbohydrate (CCA) absorptions were calculated. Multiple regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results: CFA and CPA increased preparation (PL is better than BL) and dose dependently. However, CCA increased dose-dependently but not preparation-dependently. Fat absorption increased as protein and carbohydrate absorption increased (p<0.001). Conclusions: In dogs with EPI fed a high fat diet, porcine pancreatic enzyme increases fat and protein absorption greater than bacterial lipase, and the increase of fat absorption is related to the increase of protein and carbohydrate absorptions.

Changing prevalence of upper gastrointestinal disease in 28 893 Koreans from 1995 to 2005

Kim, Jin Il,Kim, Sang Gyun,Kim, Nayoung,Kim, Jae Gyu,Shin, Sung Jae,Kim, Sang Woo,Kim, Hyun Soo,Sung, Jae Kyu,Yang, Chang Heon,Shim, Ki-Nam,Park, Seun Ja,Park, Joon Yong,Baik, Gwang Ho,Lee, Sang Woo,P Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Vol.21 No.7

OBJECTIVES: Changes in the pattern of gastrointestinal diseases in a population tend to be influenced by changes in diet and lifestyle. Shifts in gastrointestinal disease from 1995 to 2005 in Korea were evaluated, retrospectively. METHODS: Seventeen nationwide medical centers participated in this study. The cross-sectional review of endoscopic findings in 28 893 patients included 8441 patients from 1995, 10 350 patients from 2000, and 10 102 patients from 2005. RESULTS: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increased from 1.8% in 1995 to 5.9% in 2000 and 9.1% in 2005 (P<0.001, the P value was only for the comparison between 1995 and 2005, the followings were as same). The prevalence of peptic ulcer diseases was 18.0% in 1995, 19.1% in 2000, and 20.2% in 2005 (P<0.001). Although no significant differences were noted in duodenal ulcers (8.4, 8.7, and 8.2%, P=0.449), gastric ulcers showed an increasing trend (9.6, 10.5, and 12.0%, P<0.001). The prevalence of gastric cancer increased from 3.4% in 1995 to 4.5% in 2000 (P<0.001), but then decreased to 2.4% in 2005 (P<0.001). The incidence of advanced gastric cancer was 2.5, 3.2, and 1.3%, respectively (P<0.001), and that of early gastric cancer remained constant with rates of 0.8%, 1.3, and 1.1%, respectively (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: The cross-sectional review of data collected in 1995, 2000, and 2005 showed an increase in reflux esophagitis and peptic ulcer diseases. Meanwhile, the prevalence of gastric cancer increased until 2000, but decreased in 2005.

Risk Factor Associated with Acquired hypofibrinogenemia in Patients with Hemocoagulase Administration for Hemoptysis

( Jae-kyeong Lee ),( Hong-joon Shin ),( Young-ok Na ),( Hwa-kyung Park ),( Hyung-joo Oh ),( Bo-gun Kho ),( Tae-ok Kim ),( Yong-soo Kwon ),( Yu-il Kim ),( Sung-chul Lim ),( Min-seok Kim ),( Cheol-kyu P 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Purpose Hemocoagulase, a hemostatic, is used in patients with trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, or pulmonary hemorrhage or those undergoing surgery. However, cases of acquired hypofibrinogenemia and paradoxical bleeding associated with hemocoagulase administration have been reported. In this study we evaluate the risk factors associated with acquired hypofibrinogenemia in patients with hemocoagulase batroxobin administration for hemoptysis. Methods We reviewed medical charts of hospitalized patients receiving hemocoagulase batroxobin for hemoptysis from January 2020 to April 2021 at a tertiary hospital. Acquired hypofibrinogenemia was defined as a plasma fibrinogen level more than 200 mg/ dL at baseline and decreased to less than 200 mg/dL after hemocoagulase administration. Results Total 186 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 68.4 ± 13.9 years, and male was predominant (63.4%). Most common cause of hemoptysis was bronchiectasis (59%). Mean duration of batroxobin administration was 3.5 ± 0.2 days and mean dosage of batroxobin was 35.3 ± 2.0 U. One hundred six patients (57.0%) developed acquired hypofibrinogenemia after administration of batroxobin. Recurrence of bleeding during hospitalization was more frequent in patients with acquired hypofibrinogenemia (22.6% vs. 6.3%; P=0.002). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression revealed longer duration of batroxobin administration was associated with acquired hypofibrinogenemia (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.74; P=0.003). Conclusion Long duration of hemocoagulase use is associated with acquired hypofibrinogenemia and increased risk of rebleeding. Therefore, it is necessary to measure plasma fibrinogen levels regularly in patients with hemocoagulase administration.

Circulating TNF receptors predict cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Bae, Eunjin,Cha, Ran-Hui,Kim, Yong C.,An, Jung N.,Kim, Dong K.,Yoo, Kyung D.,Lee, Su M.,Kim, Myoung-Hee,Park, Jung T.,Kang, Shin-Wook,Park, Jae Y.,Lim, Chun S.,Kim, Yon S.,Yang, Seung H.,Lee, Jung P. Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.19

<P>We prospectively recruited 984 patients with CKD from 11 centers between 2006 and 2012. The levels of cTNFR1 and cTNFR2 were determined by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years, 36 patients experienced a CVD event. The median serum concentrations of cTNFR1 and cTNFR2 were 2703.4 (225.6-13,057.7) and 5661.0 (634.9-30,599.6) pg/mL, respectively, and the cTNFR1 level was closely correlated with the cTNFR2 level (r=0.86, P < .0001). The urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly correlated with the cTNFR2 level (r=0.21 for UPCR, r=-0.67 for eGFR; P<.001 for all). Similar correlations were observed for serum cTNFR1 (r=0.21 for UPCR, r=-0.75 for eGFR; P < .001 for all). In the Cox proportional hazard analyses, cTNFR1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.506, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.186-5.295, P=.016) and cTNFR2 (HR4.156, 95% CI 1.913-9.030, P < .001) predictedCVDrisk even after adjustment for clinical covariates, such as UPCR, eGFR, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. cTNFR1 and 2 are associated with CVD and other risk factors in CKD, independently of eGFR and UPCR. Furthermore, cTNFRs could be relevant predictors of CVD in CKD patients.</P>

Size-Controlled Nanoparticle-Guided Assembly of Block Copolymers for Convex Lens-Shaped Particles

Ku, Kang Hee,Shin, Jae Man,Kim, Minsoo P.,Lee, Chun-Ho,Seo, Min-Kyo,Yi, Gi-Ra,Jang, Se Gyu,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.28

<P>The tuning of interfacial properties at selective and desired locations on the particles is of great importance to create the novel structured particles by breaking the symmetry of their surface property. Herein, a dramatic transition of both the external shape and internal morphology of the particles of polystyrene-<I>b</I>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-<I>b</I>-P4VP) was induced by precise positioning of size-controlled Au nanoparticle surfactants (Au NPs). The size-dependent assembly of the Au NPs was localized preferentially at the interface between the P4VP domain at the particle surface and the surrounding water, which generated a balanced interfacial interaction between two different PS/P4VP domains of the BCP particles and water, producing unique convex lens-shaped BCP particles. In addition, the neutralized interfacial interaction, in combination with the directionality of the solvent-induced ordering of the BCP domains from the interface of the particle/water, generated defect-free, vertically ordered porous channels within the particles. The mechanism for the formation of these novel nanostructures was investigated systemically by varying the size and the volume fraction of the Au NPs. Furthermore, these convex lens-shaped particles with highly ordered channels can be used as a microlens, in which the light can be concentrated toward the focal point with enhanced near-field signals. And, these particles can possess additional optical properties such as unique distribution of light scattering as a result of the well-ordered Au cylinders that filled into the channels, which hold great promise for use in optical, biological-sensing, and imaging applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-28/ja502075f/production/images/medium/ja-2014-02075f_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja502075f'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3‐mediated CD133 up‐regulation contributes to promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma

Won, Cheolhee,Kim, Byung‐,Hak,Yi, Eun Hee,Choi, Kyung‐,Ju,Kim, Eun‐,Kyung,Jeong, Jong‐,Min,Lee, Jae‐,Ho,Jang, Ja‐,June,Yoon, Jung‐,Hwan,Jeong, Won‐,Il,P John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015 Hepatology Vol.62 No.4

<P>Enhanced expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, CD133, is closely associated with a higher rate of tumor formation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Despite its clinical significance, the molecular mechanism underlying the deregulation of CD133 during tumor progression remains to be clarified. Here, we report on a novel mechanism by which interleukin‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL‐6/STAT3) signaling up‐regulates expression of CD133 and promotes HCC progression. STAT3 activated by IL‐6 rapidly bound to CD133 promoter and increased protein levels of CD133 in HCC cells. Reversely, in hypoxic conditions, RNA interference silencing of STAT3 resulted in decrease of CD133 levels, even in the presence of IL‐6, with a concomitant decrease of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) expression. Active STAT3 interacted with nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 subunit to positively regulate the transcription of HIF‐1α providing a mechanistic explanation on how those three oncogenes work together to increase the activity of CD133 in a hypoxic liver microenvironment. Activation of STAT3 and its consequent induction of HIF‐1α and CD133 expression were not observed in Toll‐like receptor 4/IL‐6 double‐knockout mice. Long‐term silencing of CD133 by a lentiviral‐based approach inhibited cancer cell‐cycle progression and suppressed <I>in vivo</I> tumorigenicity by down‐regulating expression of cytokinesis‐related genes, such as TACC1, ACF7, and CKAP5. We also found that sorafenib and STAT3 inhibitor nifuroxazide inhibit HCC xenograft formation by blocking activation of STAT3 and expression of CD133 and HIF‐1α proteins. <I>Conclusion</I>: IL‐6/STAT3 signaling induces expression of CD133 through functional cooperation with NF‐κB and HIF‐1α during liver carcinogenesis. Targeting STAT3‐mediated CD133 up‐regulation may represent a novel, effective treatment by eradicating the liver tumor microenvironment. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2015;62:1160‐1173)</P>

Two New Lichen Species, Thelopsis ullungdoensis and Phylloblastia gyeongsangbukensis from Korea

( Josef P. Halda ),( Soon-ok Oh ),( Dong Liu ),( Beeyoung Gun Lee ),( Sergey Y. Kondratyuk ),( László Lőkös ),( Jung-shin Park ),( Jung-jae Woo ),( Jae-seoun Hur ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.6

Two new species, Thelopsis ullungdoensis and Phylloblastia gyeongsangbukensis are described from Ullung-Do (Island), South Korea. The closest relatives from Europe and Korea are epiphytic Thelopsis flaveola which differs by their immersed or semi-immersed yellow ascomata, ascospores without halo and their habitat of smooth bark (mainly Fagus) in humid and cold climates. Thelopsis gangwondoensis differs by its bigger semi-immersed ascomata (600-700 mm in diam.), oblong halonate ascospores (8-12×6-8 mm) and its habitat of smooth bark of deciduous trees. P. gyeongsangbukensis differs from its relatives within the genus in having 5-septate ascospores (22-26
6-8 mm), semi-immersed, subglobose ascomata with a flattened top (250-400 mm) and a thin, matt, uneven gray-brown to gray-green continuous thallus without isidia.