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- 저자 : Ito Hirohito (검색결과 2 건)
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Structural changes in the cruise network by ship size in Northeast Asia
Ito Hirohito,Hanaoka Shinya,Sugishita Kashin 한국해운물류학회 2022 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.38 No.4
Several ports want cruise ships to call at their ports for economic benefits. However, the main cause of concern is the complexity of port selection behavior for cruise lines. Tracking cruise ship movement data may help them understand the port selection behavior of cruise lines. This study aimed to examine the structural changes in the cruise network by ship size in Northeast Asia from 2014 to 2019 using network science methods with automatic identification system data. We identified five key findings. First, the number of nodes and edges in the mega- and small-size ship networks was growing rapidly. Second, the small-size network was growing with unique characteristics of low density and average clustering coefficient, and high average shortest path length and diameter. Third, the hub ports of Shanghai in the megaand Hiroshima and Kobe in the small-size had gained more degrees over time. Fourth, owing to the deployment of new mega-ships in Shanghai, existing large- and mid-ships were shifting to different ports. Finally, modularity of all sizes increased over time, and the community structure became clearer. © 2022 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Association of Shipping and Logistics, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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Yasuhiro Shiga,Go Kubota,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuhide Inage,Hiroto Kamoda,Masaomi Yamashita,Toru Iseki,Michihiro Ito,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Yawara Eguchi,Takeshi Sainoh,Jun Sato,Kazuki Fujimoto,Koki Abe,Hirohito 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3
Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stored at room temperature (RT), frozen, or after freeze-drying. Overview of Literature: PRP enriches tissue repair and regeneration, and is a novel treatment option for musculoskeletal pathologies. However, whether biological activity is preserved during PRP storage remains uncertain. Methods: PRP was prepared from blood of 12 healthy human volunteers (200 mL/person) and stored using three methods: PRP was stored at RT with shaking, PRP was frozen and stored at –80°C, or PRP was freeze-dried and stored at RT. Platelet counts and growth factor content were examined immediately after preparation, as well as 2, 4, and 8 weeks after storage. Platelet activation rate was quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Platelet counts were impossible to determine in many RT samples after 2 weeks, but they remained at constant levels in frozen and freeze-dried samples, even after 8 weeks of storage. Flow cytometry showed approximately 80% activation of the platelets regardless of storage conditions. Almost no growth factors were detected in the RT samples after 8 weeks, while low but significant expression was detected in the frozen and freeze-dried PRP. Over time, the mean relative concentrations of various growth factors decreased significantly or disappeared in the RT group. In the frozen group, levels were maintained for 4 weeks, but decreased significantly by 8 weeks (p <0.05). The freeze-dried group maintained baseline levels of growth factors for the entire 8-week duration. Conclusions: Freeze-drying enables PRP storage while maintaining bioactivity and efficacy for extended periods.
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