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Mudhafar Mustafa,Zainol Ismail,Alsailawi H. A.,Aiza Jaafar C. N. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.2
The most implanted tissue after blood is a bone, which consists of collagen and hydroxyapatite as the major components. Collagen is a nature-based polymer that is available in skin and tendons, whereas hydroxyapatite is a natural ceramic that is available abundantly in teeth. The composites of hydroxyapatite/collagen (HA/Col) have been reported to be the most encouraging bone graft because of the likenesses with the natural bones. Furthermore, the integration of the nano silvers in the composites’ matrix has been predicted to lead to antimicrobial reactions. This study combined the natural fi sh scales hydroxyapatite (FsHAp), fi sh scale collagen (FsCol), and nanosilver (Ag) to develop the composites of FsHAp/FsCol/nAg with various ratios of content. FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM were employed to identify the chemical structure and morphology of the tested composites. Similar processes were conducted to study the swelling ratio, biostability, and antibacterial features of the composites. The cytotoxicity of the FsHAp/FsCol/AgNPs composites was evaluated using Alamar blue assay. The outcome revealed that 80:20 of the HA/Col composite showed higher stability than other ratio compositions. The morphology of the composites demonstrated a homogeneous surface with nanosilvers scattered evenly in the matrix. Additionally, the activities of the antimicrobial in the composites were found against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). For the cytotoxicity study, the composites showed non-toxic eff ects on MG-63 human cells at high concentrations.
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Zulkifli, Aziemah,Abidin, Najihah Zainol,Abidin, Emilia Zainal,Hashim, Zailina,Rahman, Anita Abd,Rasdi, Irniza,Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah,Semple, Sean Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12
Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between respiratory health of Malaysian adolescents with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and smoke-free legislation (SFL) implementation. Materials and Methods: A total of 898 students from 21 schools across comprehensive- and partial-SFL states were recruited. SHS exposures and respiratory symptoms were assessed via questionnaire. Prenatal and postnatal SHS exposure information was obtained from parental-completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was: 11.9% ever wheeze, 5.6% current wheeze, 22.3% exercise-induced wheeze, 12.4% nocturnal cough, and 13.1% self-reported asthma. SHS exposure was most frequently reported in restaurants. Hierarchical logistic regression indicates living in a comprehensive-SFL state was not associated with a lower risk of reporting asthma symptoms. SHS exposure in public transport was linked to increased risk for wheeze (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 16.6; 95%confidence interval (CI), 2.69-101.7) and current wheezing (AOR 24.6; 95%CI, 3.53-171.8). Conclusions: Adolescents continue to be exposed to SHS in a range of public venues in both comprehensive- and partial-SFL states. Respiratory symptoms are common among those reporting SHS exposure on public transportation. Non-compliance with SFL appears to be frequent in many venues across Malaysia and enforcement should be given priority in order to reduce exposure.
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Noorhidayah Md Nazir,Ahmad Hafiz Zulkifly,Kamarul Ariffin Khalid,Ismail Zainol,Zaitunnatakhin Zamli,Munirah Sha’ban 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2019 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.16 No.3
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to observe the cartilaginous matrix production in SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9)- and/or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-transfected chondrocytes from monolayer to three-dimensional (3D) culture. METHODS: The genes were transferred into chondrocytes at passage-1 (P1) via lipofection. The post-transfected chondrocytes (SOX9-, TERT- and SOX9/TERT) were analysed at P1, P2 and P3. The non-transfected group was used as control. The 3D culture was established using the chondrocytes seeded in a disc-shaped PLGA/fibrin and PLGA scaffolds. The resulting 3D ‘‘cells-scaffolds’’ constructs were analysed at week-1, -2 and -3. The histoarchitecture was evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue and safranin o stains. The quantitative sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content was measured using biochemical assay. The cartilage-specific markers expression were analysed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: All monolayer cultured chondrocytes showed flattened, fibroblast-like appearance throughout passages. Proteoglycan and sGAG were not detected at the pericellular matrix region of the chondrocytes. The sGAG content assay indicated the matrix production depletion in the culture. The cartilage-specific markers, COL2A1 and ACAN, were downregulated. However, the dedifferentiation marker, COL1A1 was upregulated. In 3D ‘‘cells-scaffolds’’ constructs, regardless of transfection groups, chondrocytes seeded in PLGA/fibrin showed a more uniform distribution and produced denser matrix than the PLGA group especially at week-3. Both sGAG and proteoglycan were clearly visualised in the constructs, supported by the increment of sGAG content, quantitatively. Both COL2A1 and ACAN were upregulated in SOX9/TERT-PLGA and SOX9/TERT-PLGA/fibrin respectively. While, COL1A1 was downregulated in SOX9/TERT-PLGA. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the SOX9/TERT-transfected chondrocytes incorporation into 3D scaffolds facilitates the cartilage regeneration which is viable structurally and functionally.
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