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Comprehensible knowledge model creation for cancer treatment decision making
Afzal, Muhammad,Hussain, Maqbool,Ali Khan, Wajahat,Ali, Taqdir,Lee, Sungyoung,Huh, Eui-Nam,Farooq Ahmad, Hafiz,Jamshed, Arif,Iqbal, Hassan,Irfan, Muhammad,Abbas Hydari, Manzar Elsevier 2017 Computers in biology and medicine Vol.82 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Background</I>: A wealth of clinical data exists in clinical documents in the form of electronic health records (EHRs). This data can be used for developing knowledge-based recommendation systems that can assist clinicians in clinical decision making and education. One of the big hurdles in developing such systems is the lack of automated mechanisms for knowledge acquisition to enable and educate clinicians in informed decision making. <I>Materials and Methods</I>: An automated knowledge acquisition methodology with a comprehensible knowledge model for cancer treatment (CKM-CT) is proposed. With the CKM-CT, clinical data are acquired automatically from documents. Quality of data is ensured by correcting errors and transforming various formats into a standard data format. Data preprocessing involves dimensionality reduction and missing value imputation. Predictive algorithm selection is performed on the basis of the ranking score of the weighted sum model. The knowledge builder prepares knowledge for knowledge-based services: clinical decisions and education support. <I>Results</I>: Data is acquired from 13,788 head and neck cancer (HNC) documents for 3447 patients, including 1526 patients of the oral cavity site. In the data quality task, 160 staging values are corrected. In the preprocessing task, 20 attributes and 106 records are eliminated from the dataset. The Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) algorithm is selected and provides 69.0% classification accuracy in predicting HNC treatment plans, consisting of 11 decision paths that yield 11 decision rules. <I>Conclusion</I>: Our proposed methodology, CKM-CT, is helpful to find hidden knowledge in clinical documents. In CKM-CT, the prediction models are developed to assist and educate clinicians for informed decision making. The proposed methodology is generalizable to apply to data of other domains such as breast cancer with a similar objective to assist clinicians in decision making and education.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Automated methods for data acquisition from clinical documents and preprocessing. </LI> <LI> Data quality assessment and standardization of language for improved data accuracy. </LI> <LI> Machine learning algorithm selection on the basis of weighted sum model's ranking score. </LI> <LI> The development of a decision tree-based knowledge model for treatment recommendations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Design of a Haptic Cane for Walking Stability and Rehabilitation
Muhammad Raheel Afzal,Irfan Hussain,Yasir Jan,Jungwon Yoon 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Rehabilitation is suggested to be achieved by natural walk, and it may require assistive devices. Assistance provided should motivate the patient to use his own muscle strength rather than be dependent upon the device. Therefore, the devices should only provide minimum support required for the safety, stability, confidence building and guidance. These can be achieved with light touch cue provided at the patient’s hands. The proposed haptic cane design has an active haptic handle that can give light touch cue depending upon the body orientation sensed through smartphone. The active haptic handle can be manipulated by a Pantograph mechanism. The Pantograph and arm support’s positions and orientation are adjustable. The handle and arm support are mounted on the cane having a single wheel, coupled with motor, shaft encoder and an active brake, for achieving a controlled movement. The proposed design will be able to provide rehabilitation and postural stability for the patients.
Improving temperature stress resistance in spring maize by seed priming
Hafeez ur Rehman,Irfan Afzal,Muhammad Farooq,Tariq Azii,Shahzad Maqsood Ahmad Basra 단국대학교 국제농업협력연구소 2012 단국대학교 국제농업협력연구소 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1
Chilling resistance at sowing is pre-requisite to avoid high temperature stress at terminal stage of spring planted maize crop. Seed priming offers promising solution to improve crop resistance against low or high temperature stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of seed priming in improving the performance of spring planted maize under various sowing dates. Seeds of hybrid maize FH-810 were soaked in aerated solution of CaC}z (2.2%), moringa leaf extracts (MLE, 3.3%) and salicylic acid (SA, 50 mg L- 1 ) while dry and water soaked seeds (hydropriming) were used as controls. Both primed and untreated seeds were planted on 02 and 22 Feb, and 14 March. Late planted maize observed notable decline in mean emergence time than early planted crop owing to high temperature at planting. Both low and high temperature in early (02 Feb) and late (14 March) planted maize resulted in reduced seedling growth and tissue water status accompanied with elevated membrane electrolytes leakage. Moreover all the priming techniques improved the studied parameters of crop compared with control at all planting dates. Seed osmopriming with SA improved crop stress resistance by earlier emergence, increased seedling dry weight, tissue water status and improved membrane stability followed by osmopriming with CaC12.
Khan, Aftab Ahmad,Khan, Imtiaz Afzal,Siyal, Muhammad Irfan,Lee, Chang-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Oh Elsevier 2019 Environmental research Vol.170 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The goal of this study was to prepare a robust anti-wetting and anti-fouling polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for the rejection of a highly saline (NaCl and CaCl<SUB>2</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O) feed solution containing humic acid (HA) in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum formulation of the used materials. The variable factors selected were polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and silica (SiO<SUB>2</SUB>); liquid entry pressure (LEP) and contact angle (CA) were selected as responses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test evidenced the new functional groups i.e., Si–OH, siloxane, and C–F bond vibrations at 3446, 1099 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, and 1150–1240 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> respectively on the membrane surface. The average roughness (Ra) was increased four times for the coated membranes (0.202–0.242 µm) as compared to that for pristine PES membrane (0.053 µm). The optimum PES-13 membrane exhibited consistent flux of 12 LMH and salt rejection (> 99%) with anti-fouling characteristic in DCMD using the feed solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl + 10 mM CaCl<SUB>2</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O + 10 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> HA. The PES-13 membrane may therefore be a key membrane for application in DCMD against CaCl<SUB>2</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O-containing salty solutions with HA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PES membrane was prepared for application in DCMD using silica nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the coating formulation. </LI> <LI> Modified membranes were resistant to fouling against calcium-humic acid feed. </LI> <LI> The high fluxes for PES-13 membrane were recorded with all three feed solutions. </LI> </UL> </P>