독일 페미니즘 고전 읽기 - 헤드비히 돔의 『안티페미니스트. 페미니즘을 위한 변론서』

박인원 ( Park¸ Inwon ) 한국독일어문학회 2021 독일어문학 Vol.94 No.-

독일 페미니즘의 역사에서 제1차 여성운동의 급진적 진영을 대표하는 헤드비히 돔(1831-1919)의 이름은 오늘날 무엇보다 ‘인권에는 성별이 없다’라는 구호와 함께 기억되고 있다. 돔은 1918년에 비로소 독일에도 법적 근거가 마련된 여성의 투표권을 이미 1870년대부터 요구한 몇 안 되는 인물이다. 처음부터 여성의 참정권과 교육권 그리고 경제적 자립을 불가분의 관계에 놓인 것으로 이해했던 돔은 모든 영역에서 여성의 인간으로서의 동등한 권리를 주장했다. 나아가 이분법적 성 규범의 재생산에 일조한 동시대의 모성 담론에 대해서도 비판적인 거리를 취하면서 남성/여성의 범주가 사회문화적 구성물임을 강조했다. 본 논문은 돔의 급진적 페미니스트로서의 면모가 핵심적으로 드러나는 논평집 『안티페미니스트. 페미니즘을 위한 변론서』(1902)를 중심으로 돔이 여성문제를 어떻게 쟁점화했는지 조명한다. 『안티페미니스트』는 1890년대부터 독일에 다양한 여성협회가 설립되고 급진적 여성운동이 본격적인 조직화 단계에 들어가자, 사회 전반에 걸쳐 여성운동에 대한 반동으로 모습을 드러낸 반(反)페미니즘 담론에 주목한다. 돔은 이와 같은 사회 분위기를 가리키기 위해 독일에서 처음으로 ‘안티페미니즘’이라는 용어를 사용했다. 본고에서는 ‘반유대주의’에 빗대어 고안해낸 이 키워드를 통해 돔이 어떻게 동시대 안티페미니즘 담론을 읽어냈는지 살펴본다. Hedwig Dohms Name wird vor allem mit dem Ausruf “Menschenrechte haben kein Geschlecht” verbunden. Als Vorläuferin der frühen Frauenbewegung in Deutschland forderte Dohm bereits in den 1870er Jahren das Stimmrecht für Frauen als ein ihr zustehendes Grundrecht. Um die Jahrhundertwende prägte sie als erste in Deutschland den Begriff des ‘Antifeminismus’, mit dem sie den von Misogynie und Frauenfeindlichkeit durchzogenen wissenschaftlichen Diskursen ihrer Zeit einen Namen gab. In ihrer Streitschrift Die Antifeministen. Ein Buch der Verteidigung (1902), einer Sammlung von zuvor in Zeitschriften publizierten Artikeln, untersucht Dohm anhand von zeitgenössischen Publikationen die unterschiedlichen Formen des Antifeminismus, die als unmittelbare Reaktionen auf die Emanzipationsforderungen der Frauenbewegung um die Jahrhundertwende zu verstehen sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zunächst die Grundfragen, die Dohm in ihren feministischen Kritiken behandelt, sowie der Begriff des Antifeminismus im Kontext ihrer Zeit skizziert. Im Anschluss wird den verschiedenen Beispielen bzw. Kategorien, in die Dohm die Antifeministen unterteilt, nachgegangen. Mit der Re-Lektüre dieses frühfeministischen Textes möchte die vorliegende Arbeit zum einen die strategischen Mitteln, die Dohm bei ihrer Analyse einsetzt, rekonstruieren, und zum anderen auf dieser Grundlage die Aktualität des Textes aufzeigen.

Neutrophils disturb pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury

Park, Inwon,Kim, Mingyo,Choe, Kibaek,Song, Eunjoo,Seo, Howon,Hwang, Yoonha,Ahn, Jinhyo,Lee, Seung-Hyo,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Jo, You Hwan,Kim, Kyuseok,Koh, Gou Young,Kim, Pilhan European Respiratory Society 2019 The European respiratory journal Vol.53 No.3

<▼1><P>The lung is highly vulnerable during sepsis, yet its functional deterioration accompanied by disturbances in the pulmonary microcirculation is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how the pulmonary microcirculation is distorted in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and reveal the underlying cellular pathophysiologic mechanism.</P><P>Using a custom-made intravital lung microscopic imaging system in a murine model of sepsis-induced ALI, we achieved direct real-time visualisation of the pulmonary microcirculation and circulating cells <I>in vivo</I>. We derived the functional capillary ratio (FCR) as a quantitative parameter for assessing the fraction of functional microvasculature in the pulmonary microcirculation and dead space.</P><P>We identified that the FCR rapidly decreases in the early stage of sepsis-induced ALI. The intravital imaging revealed that this decrease resulted from the generation of dead space, which was induced by prolonged neutrophil entrapment within the capillaries. We further showed that the neutrophils had an extended sequestration time and an arrest-like dynamic behaviour, both of which triggered neutrophil aggregates inside the capillaries and arterioles. Finally, we found that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) was upregulated in the sequestered neutrophils and that a Mac-1 inhibitor restored the FCR and improved hypoxaemia.</P><P>Using the intravital lung imaging system, we observed that Mac-1-upregulated neutrophil aggregates led to the generation of dead space in the pulmonary microcirculation that was recovered by a Mac-1 inhibitor in sepsis-induced ALI.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Neutrophils induce dead space in the pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced ALI, recovered by a Mac-1 inhibitor</B>http://ow.ly/vUzO30nbUyU</P></▼2>

Assessment of body water distribution in patients with sepsis during fluid resuscitation using multi-frequency direct segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis

Park, Inwon,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Jang, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Joonghee,Hwang, Bo Rah,Kim, Seoyoung,Lee, Ji Eun,Jo, You Hwan Elsevier 2020 Clinical nutrition Vol.39 No.6

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background & aims</B></P> <P>Although initial fluid resuscitation in sepsis is critical for the treatment of tissue hypoperfusion, little evidence supports the distribution of infused fluid in patients with sepsis. This study was designed to assess the body water distribution in patients with sepsis using bioelectrical impedance analysis and correlate the trend in body water distribution during fluid treatment with the prognosis of patients with sepsis.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A prospective study in a single emergency department was performed, and adult patients suspected of having sepsis were enrolled. Multi-frequency direct segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10, InBody) measuring total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) was applied to patients with sepsis at three periods: before, immediately after, and 1 hour after the fluid treatment. Survival data at 28 days after the fluid treatment were obtained.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study. Overall, the ratios of TBW, ICW, and ECW to body weight increased throughout the fluid treatment except the ratio of ICW to body weight at 1 hour in non-survivors. While the ratio of ECW to TBW (ECW/TBW) and the ratio of ICW to TBW (ICW/TBW) in survivors remained stable over the period, the trend of ECW/TBW increased with corresponding decline of ICW/TBW in non-survivors (p = 0.0085 and p = 0.0034 between times and groups, respectively) such that ECW/TBW and ICW/TBW were significantly different at 1 hour after the fluid loading period (p = 0.0120 and p = 0.0085, respectively). This contrast pattern was equivalent with the trend of ECW/TBW in trunk but not that of the other extremities.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>During fluid resuscitation, the trend in ECW/TBW significantly increased with corresponding decrease of ICW/TBW in non-survivors compared with that in survivors, which suggests fluid resuscitation results intracellular dehydration and extracellular edema in non-survivors of patients with sepsis.</P>

THE WIN-WIN SOLUTION FOR MOBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Inwon Lee,Eunmi Park,Joo-heon Lee 대한교통학회 1998 대한교통학회 기타자료 Vol.1998 No.-

The current increases in fuel price contribute to reducing level of congestion and air pollution. In this paper, this measure is compared with the congestion toll charge and the 10 "buje"(a 10% demand control measure of registered vehicle i.e. each vehicle can not operate when its plate's last digit matches the last digit of the date). The purpose of our study is to give a priority order to various measures and to propose the win-win solution of Seoul for policy makers. We recommend the congestion toll charge coupled with some metering measures is the win-win solution for Seoul. Also we conclude a priority order such as metering; congestion toll charge; increase in parking fee; increase in fuel price; the 10 "buje" must be acceptable for implementation. Various ITS subsystems needed to support the proposed win-win solution are identified and field operational tests for them are introduced in this paper.

Time Resolved PIV Investigation on the Skin Friction Reduction Mechanism of Outer-Layer Vertical Blades Array

Park, Seong Hyeon,An, Nam Hyun,Yoon, Hyun Sik,Park, Hyun,Chun, Ho Hwan,Lee, Inwon SAGE Publications 2015 Advances in mechanical engineering Vol.7 No.2

독일 손자 세대의 가족소설

박인원(Park, Inwon) 한국카프카학회 2012 카프카연구 Vol.0 No.28

네이션 빌딩과 여성영웅의 서사

박인원(Park, Inwon) 한국카프카학회 2014 카프카연구 Vol.0 No.31

실험과 허구 : 리히텐베르크의 글쓰기를 통해 본 문학과 과학의 교차

박인원(Park, Inwon) 한국카프카학회 2015 카프카연구 Vol.0 No.34

보조생식술과 레즈비언 부모되기 - 안네 초라 베라체트의 <두 어머니>를 중심으로 본 독일의 논의

박인원 ( Park Inwon ) 한국독일어문학회 2019 독일어문학 Vol.86 No.-

근래 독일에서 촉망받는 감독 안네 초라 베라체트의 첫 번째 장편영화 <두 어머니>(2013)는 정자를 기증 받아 아이를 갖기를 희망하는 레즈비언 부부가 겪는 난관들을 그리고 있다. 감독은 이 작품을 통해 독일에서 정자 기증을 비롯한 보조생식술 관련법이 이성애 중심의 핵가족을 위한 법이며 레즈비언 부부를 차별한다는 점을 문제제기 한다. 비록 이 쟁점들은 동성 결혼 합법화(2016)에 이어 2019년 초에 (그 동안 생물학적 가족·친족관계 중심으로 해석된) 부모와 자녀의 법적 관계를 규정하는 법의 개정안이 발표되면서 대체로 해결되었다고 볼 수 있지만, <두 어머니>는 동성 부부들이 독일에서 받는 법적 차별의 문제를 넘어서, 보조생식기술이 개인의 삶과 생각에 어떻게 개입하는지 보여주고, 보조생식기술과 부모되기의 관계에 대한 다각적 성찰을 가능하게 한다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. In ihrem dokumentarischen Spielfilm Zwei Mutter(2013) uber ein Frauenpaar, das sich gemeinsam ein Kind wunscht, stellt Anne Zohra Berrached die rechtliche Benachteiligung lesbischer Paare in Deutschland beim Zugang zur kunstlichen Befruchtung zur Diskussion. In einer Nahaufnahme kommen die Hurden zur Darstellung, die das Paar bewältigen muss, um sich den Kinderwunsch zu erfullen. Die im Film thematisierte Diskriminierung ist zwar inzwischen u.a. durch die Einfuhrung der Ehe fur alle(2017) und den Reformentwurf des Abstammungsrechts(2019) weitgehend behoben worden. Doch werden in Zwei Mutter daruberhinaus grundlegende Fragen verhandelt, die auch weiterhin aktuell sind und einer umfassenden Diskussion bedurfen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird am Beispiel des Films der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich neue Reproduktionstechnologien (hier Samenspende) in Verbindung mit der deutschen Rechtsordnung auf das Leben des Einzelnen, auf die Vorstellungen von Elternschaft und Familie auswirken.

온전한 정체성과 내러티브에 대한 동경

박인원(Park Inwon) 한국카프카학회 2011 카프카연구 Vol.0 No.25