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Misinformation Detection and Rectification Based on QA System and Text Similarity with COVID-19
Insup Lim,Namjae Cho 한국데이터전략학회 2021 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.28 No.5
As COVID-19 spread widely, and rapidly, the number of misinformation is also increasing, which WHO has referred to this phenomenon as “Infodemic”. The purpose of this research is to develop detection and rectification of COVID-19 misinformation based on Open-domain QA system and text similarity. 9 testing conditions were used in this model. For open-domain QA system, 6 conditions were applied using three different types of dataset types, scientific, social media, and news, both datasets, and two different methods of choosing the answer, choosing the top answer generated from the QA system and voting from the top three answers generated from QA system. The other 3 conditions were the Closed-Domain QA system with different dataset types. The best results from the testing model were 76% using all datasets with voting from the top 3 answers outperforming by 16% from the closed-domain model.
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Insup Lee 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3
The effect of molybdenum in the surface characteristics on low temperature plasma nitrocarburized layer of austenitic stainless steel was investigated. A low temperature nitrocarburized layer of AISI 316L steel (Fe–17Cr–12Ni–2.5Mo) was compared with that of AISI 304L steel (Fe–19Cr–10Ni) to evaluate the influence of molybdenum on nitrocarburizing. The low temperature plasma nitrocarburizing was performed in a gas mixture of N2, H2 and carbon-containing gas such as CH4. The influence of processing temperature (380–480 ℃) on the surface properties of the nitrocarburized layer was investigated. The resultant nitrocarburized layer produced on both 316L steel and 304L steel is a dual-layer structure, which comprises a N-enriched layer (γN) with a high nitrogen content on top of a C-enriched layer (γC) with a high carbon content, leading to a significant increase in surface hardness (about 1200 HV0.01). The chromium nitride was formed in the N-enriched layer for 316L steel treated at temperatures above 480 ℃ compared with 304L steel treated at temperatures above 430 ℃. The thickness of the hardened layer without precipitation of chromium nitride of both 316L steel and 304L steel increased with increasing temperature, and reached up to 25 ㎛ in 316L steel at 450 ℃, 10 ㎛ in 304L steel at 400 ℃, respectively. However, at same treatment temperature, the thickness of the hardened layer formed on nitrocarburized 316L steel was larger than that produced on nitrocarburized 304L steel. The specimens treated at 400 ℃ showed much enhanced corrosion resistance in terms of lower corrosion current density and a higher corrosion potential as compared to the untreated steel. The loss in corrosion resistance was observed for the specimens treated at 430 ℃ for 304L steel and 480 ℃ for 316L steel, due to the formation of chromium nitrides in the nitrogen-enriched layer. The effect of molybdenum in the surface characteristics on low temperature plasma nitrocarburized layer of austenitic stainless steel was investigated. A low temperature nitrocarburized layer of AISI 316L steel (Fe–17Cr–12Ni–2.5Mo) was compared with that of AISI 304L steel (Fe–19Cr–10Ni) to evaluate the influence of molybdenum on nitrocarburizing. The low temperature plasma nitrocarburizing was performed in a gas mixture of N2, H2 and carbon-containing gas such as CH4. The influence of processing temperature (380–480 ℃) on the surface properties of the nitrocarburized layer was investigated. The resultant nitrocarburized layer produced on both 316L steel and 304L steel is a dual-layer structure, which comprises a N-enriched layer (γN) with a high nitrogen content on top of a C-enriched layer (γC) with a high carbon content, leading to a significant increase in surface hardness (about 1200 HV0.01). The chromium nitride was formed in the N-enriched layer for 316L steel treated at temperatures above 480 ℃ compared with 304L steel treated at temperatures above 430 ℃. The thickness of the hardened layer without precipitation of chromium nitride of both 316L steel and 304L steel increased with increasing temperature, and reached up to 25 ㎛ in 316L steel at 450 ℃, 10 ㎛ in 304L steel at 400 ℃, respectively. However, at same treatment temperature, the thickness of the hardened layer formed on nitrocarburized 316L steel was larger than that produced on nitrocarburized 304L steel. The specimens treated at 400 ℃ showed much enhanced corrosion resistance in terms of lower corrosion current density and a higher corrosion potential as compared to the untreated steel. The loss in corrosion resistance was observed for the specimens treated at 430 ℃ for 304L steel and 480 ℃ for 316L steel, due to the formation of chromium nitrides in the nitrogen-enriched layer.
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Data Storage System Requirement for Autonomous Vehicle
Insup Kim,Ganggyu Lee,Seyoung Lee,Wonsuk Choi 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
Autonomous Vehicle Systems (AVS) requires large set of data to not only deliver its functionality but also guarantee safety and reliability of AVS. The main functions of AVS are perception, planning and control, and big data-based machine learning algorithm is often used to perceive surrounding automatically. Like eyes and ears of human to perceive our environment, sensors such as camera, lidar and radar play a critical role for AVS. Therefore, it is also essential to process its data real-time within cache memory in computing system. While developing AVS it is required to save as much data as possible to improve AVS and to prove its reliability for its homologation as defined in UN R157. After it is in production data storage system for automated driving (DSSAD) and event data recorder (EDR) are mandated to identify responsibility of accident and to recover accident respectively. In this paper, data storage requirement of AVS is investigated by reviewing regulations and standards of AVS and its capacity requirement is estimated based on sensor data size and its requirement defined in UN R157 and UN R160 to deliver safe and reliable AVS.
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One-Cycle Correction of Timing Errors in Pipelines With Standard Clocked Elements
Insup Shin,Jae-Joon Kim,Yu-Shiang Lin,Youngsoo Shin IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.24 No.2
<P>One of the most aggressive uses of dynamic voltage scaling is timing speculation, which in turn requires fast correction of timing errors. The fastest existing error correction technique imposes a one-cycle time penalty only, but it is restricted to two-phase transparent latch-based pipelines. We perform one-cycle error correction by gating only the main latch in each stage of the pipeline that precedes a failed stage. This new method is applicable to widely used clocking elements, such as flip-flops and pulsed latches. Because it prevents inputs arriving at a stage, which is stalled, it can also be used in pipelines with multiple fan-in, fan-out, and looping. Simulations show an energy saving of 8%-12% with a target throughput of 0.9 instructions per cycle, and 15%-18% when the target is 0.8.</P>
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Duplex Surface Treatments of Plasma Nitrocarburizing and Plasma Oxidation of SKD 11 Steel
Insup Lee,Kwang Ho Jeong,Young-Rae Cho 한국표면공학회 2007 한국표면공학회지 Vol.40 No.6
Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SKD 11 steel. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 12 h at 520℃ in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the ε-Fe₂?₃(N,C) phase. It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed of ε-phase, with a small proportion of γ'-Fe₄(N,C) phase. The thickness of the compound layer was about 5 μm and the diffusion layer was about 150 ㎛ in thickness, respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at constant temperature of 500℃ for 1 hour. The very thin magnetite (Fe₃O₄) layer 1-2 ㎛ in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation. It was confirmed that the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer could be further improved by the application of the superficial magnetite layer.
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Insup Lee 한국표면공학회 2015 한국표면공학회지 Vol.48 No.6
In this experiment, post-nitriding treatment was performed at 400℃ on AISI 316 stainless steel which was plasma carburized previously at 430℃ for 15 hours. Plasma nitriding was implemented on AISI 316 stainless steel at various gas compositions (25% N₂, 50% N₂ and 75% N₂) for 4 hours. Additionally, during post nitriding Ar gas was used with H2 and N2 to observe the improvement of surface properties. After treatment, the behavior of the hybrid layer was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness testing. Potentiodynamic polarization test was also used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples. Meanwhile, it was found that the surface hardness increased with increasing the nitrogen gas content. Also small percentage of Ar gas was introduced in the post nitriding process which improved the hardness of the hardened layer but reduced the corrosion resistance compared with the carburized sample. The experiment revealed that AISI 316L stainless steel showed better hardness and excellent corrosion resistance compared with the carburized sample, when 75% N2 gas was used during the post nitriding treatment. Also addition of Ar gas during post nitriding treatment degraded the corrosion resistance of the sample compared with the carburized sample.
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HLS-dv: A High-Level Synthesis Framework for Dual-Vdd Architectures
Insup Shin,Seungwhun Paik,Dongwan Shin,Youngsoo Shin IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.20 No.4
<P>Dual supply voltage design is widely accepted as an effective way to reduce the power consumption of CMOS circuits. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive design framework that includes dual- scheduling, dual- allocation, controller synthesis as well as layout generation. In particular, we address a problem of high-level synthesis with objective of minimizing power consumption of storage units and multiplexers using dual- ; this is made possible by utilizing timing slack that is left in the data-path after operation scheduling. We use integer linear programming (ILP) and also provide heuristic algorithms to solve the dual- register and connection allocation. The physical layout of dual-circuits has to separate power rails of and cells from each other. We propose a voltage island based placement algorithm to relieve this restriction and allow more flexibility of placement. In experiments on benchmark designs implemented in 1.08 V (with V<SUB>ddl</SUB> of 0.8 V) 65-nm CMOS technology, both switching and leakage power are reduced by 20% on average, respectively, compared to data-path with dual-V<SUB>dd</SUB> applied to functional units alone. Detailed analysis of area and wirelength is performed to assess feasibility of the proposed method.</P>
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