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CFD verification and validation of green sea loads
Gatin, Inno,Vukč,ević,, Vuko,Jasak, Hrvoje,Seo, Jeonghwa,Rhee, Shin Hyung Elsevier 2018 Ocean engineering Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An extensive verification and validation for green sea load simulations is presented. The calculations are performed using the Naval Hydro pack, a library based on foam–extend, which is an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics software. The geometric Volume of Fluid method is used for interface advection, while the Ghost Fluid Method is employed to discretise the free surface boundary conditions at the interface. Pressure measured at the deck of a fixed structure is compared to experimental data for nine regular waves. Verification is performed using four refinement levels in order to reliably assess numerical uncertainties. A detailed uncertainty analysis comprises both numerical and experimental data. Comparable uncertainties are exhibited in simulations and experiments, with good agreement of results.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Verification and validation of the CFD code for green sea loads. </LI> <LI> Detailed verification using least squares fit method for unsteady flows. </LI> <LI> Results validated against experimental measurements. </LI> <LI> Paper shows the state of a modern CFD code for green sea assessment. </LI> </UL> </P>
Vitamins A and E in Carcass Fat from Japanese Black and F1 Cross Cattle
Irie, Masakazu,Inno, Y.,Ishizuka, Y.,Nishioka, T.,Morita, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.9
This study was carried out to determine the contents of vitamins A and E in carcass fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle, because the method of controlling the amount of vitamin A in feed has been used in the production of expensive beef with high marbling in Japan. We determined the contents of tocopherol and retinol in subcutaneous and perirenal fats for 40 carcasses of Japanese Black and F1 (Holstein${\times}$Japanese Black crossed) cattle that had been sent to market from 10 prefectures. In bovine fat, free ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was present in the greatest amount, the level of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was about 10% and there was only a trace of ${\delta}$-tocopherol. The means${\pm}$standard deviation of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in subcutaneous and perirenal fats were $0.68{\pm}0.33mg/100g$ and $0.54{\pm}0.23mg/100g$, respectively. The means${\pm}$standard deviation of retinol content in subcutaneous and perirenal fats were $2.9{\pm}4.5{\mu}g/100g$ and $2.9{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. Both vitamins differed widely between animals and were present at a relatively low level compared to other reports (${\alpha}$-tocopherol 2.4-5.4 mg/100 g fat tissue and $30-220{\mu}g/100g$ muscle tissue). The correlation coefficients between subcutaneous and perirenal fats for retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content were 0.97 (p<0.01) and 0.82 (p<0.01), respectively, which showed high correlation. However, the correlation coefficients between retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol contents for subcutaneous and perirenal fats were 0.11 and 0.08, respectively, which showed low correlation. Breed effect was observed in both vitamins. These results indicated that vitamins A and E in fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle under the vitamin A controlling method are present at relatively low levels and feeds need to be supplemented with vitamin E.
CFD validation and grid sensitivity studies of full scale ship self propulsion
Hrvoje Jasak,Vuko Vukcevic,Inno Gatin,Igor Lalovic 대한조선학회 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.1
A comparison between sea trial measurements and fullescale CFD results is presented for two self epropelled ships. Two ships considered in the present study are: a general cargo carrier at Froude number Fn ¼ 0:182 and a car carrier at Fn ¼ 0:254. For the general cargo carrier, the propeller rotation rate is fixed and the achieved speed and trim are compared to sea trials, while for the car carrier, the propeller rotation rate is adjusted to achieve the 80% MCR. In addition, three grids are used for each ship in order to assess the grid refinement sensitivity. All simulations are performed using the Naval Hydro pack based on foam-extend, a community driven fork of the OpenFOAM software. The results demonstrate the possibility of using highefidelity numerical methods to directly calculate ship scale flow characteristics, including the effects of free surface, nonelinearity, turbulence and the interaction between propeller, hull and the flow field.
CFD validation and grid sensitivity studies of full scale ship self propulsion
Jasak, Hrvoje,Vukcevic, Vuko,Gatin, Inno,Lalovic, Igor The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.1
A comparison between sea trial measurements and full-scale CFD results is presented for two self-propelled ships. Two ships considered in the present study are: a general cargo carrier at Froude number $F_n=0:182$ and a car carrier at $F_n=0:254$. For the general cargo carrier, the propeller rotation rate is fixed and the achieved speed and trim are compared to sea trials, while for the car carrier, the propeller rotation rate is adjusted to achieve the 80% MCR. In addition, three grids are used for each ship in order to assess the grid refinement sensitivity. All simulations are performed using the Naval Hydro pack based on foam-extend, a community driven fork of the OpenFOAM software. The results demonstrate the possibility of using high-fidelity numerical methods to directly calculate ship scale flow characteristics, including the effects of free surface, non-linearity, turbulence and the interaction between propeller, hull and the flow field.