MODELING THE HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A FRACTURED ROCK MASS WITH CORRELATED FRACTURE LENGTH AND APERTURE: APPLICATION IN THE UNDERGROUND RESEARCH TUNNEL AT KAERI

Bang, Sang-Hyuk,Jeon, Seok-Won,Kwon, Sang-Ki Korean Nuclear Society 2012 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.44 No.6

A three-dimensional discrete fracture network model was developed in order to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of a granitic rock mass at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT). The model used a three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN), assuming a correlation between the length and aperture of the fractures, and a trapezoid flow path in the fractures. These assumptions that previous studies have not considered could make the developed model more practical and reasonable. The geologic and hydraulic data of the fractures were obtained in the rock mass at the KURT. Then, these data were applied to the developed fracture discrete network model. The model was applied in estimating the representative elementary volume (REV), the equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensors, and the amount of groundwater inflow into the tunnel. The developed discrete fracture network model can determine the REV size for the rock mass with respect to the hydraulic behavior and estimate the groundwater flow into the tunnel at the KURT. Therefore, the assumptions that the fracture length is correlated to the fracture aperture and the flow in a fracture occurs in a trapezoid shape appear to be effective in the DFN analysis used to estimate the hydraulic behavior of the fractured rock mass.

Targeted Delivery of siRNAs to Breast Cancer Cells by Fusion Peptides

Jang Hyuk BANG,Byeong Hee HWANG 한국생물공학회 2020 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

Protein Vaccine Delivery using Chitosan Particle for Inducing Powerful Immune Response

Jang Hyuk BANG,Seung Hoon KIM,Byeong Hee HWANG 한국생물공학회 2019 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.4

김일성 시대 북한의 대남인식 변화 연구

방인혁(Bang, In Hyuk) 서강대학교 현대정치연구소 2012 현대정치연구 Vol.5 No.2

북한의 대남정책은 국가의 대외정책 일반이 그러하듯이 남한에 대한 북한의 인식에 근거한다. 따라서 북한의 남한에 대한 인식과 그 변화를 이해하는 것은 북한의 대남정책 및 통일정책의 의도와 목표를 파악하는 기초이다. 국가의 상대 국가에 대한 인식 형성에 작용하는 다양한 요인들을 기초로 김일성 시대 북한의 대남인식의 변화를 고찰한다면, 현재의 남북한관계 구축까지의 역사는 물론이고 북한의 통일정책에 대한 평가도 가능하게 해 줄 것이다. 즉 국제환경의 변화, 남북한 상호 역관계의 변화 나아가서는 남한의 정치적 ? 경제적 및 사회적 변화에 대한 북한의 인식과 대응을 중심으로 현재 북한의 대남정책과 통일정책 및 이와 긴밀히 연관되는 북한의 대외정책의 기조와 목표를 파악할 수 있기 때문이다. 이 글에서는 남북한 이념과 체제 요인, 남북한 힘의 관계, 남한의 사회민주화 진전에 대한 북한의 인식, 국제환경 변화 등을 변수들로 설정하여 김일성 시대 대남인식의 변화를 민주기지론 시기, 남조선지역혁명론 시기, 고려민주연방공화국 창립방안 시기로 구분한다. 이런 변화에 가장 중요한 원인은 남북한 힘의 관계와 남한의 정치정세 변화에 의한 것임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 남한사회의 민주화라는 변수는 긍정적 방향으로 북한의 대남인식과 정책의 변화를 추동하는 요인이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. The North Korea’s policy toward South Korea as like all the nations’ foreign policies has based on the North Kores’s cognition toward South Korea. Thus to understand the cognition and it’s changes of the North Korea toward South Korea is the foundation in order to apprehend the goal and intention of the North Korea’s policy toward South Korea and unification policy. Considering the changes of the North Korea’s cognition toward South Korea in the Kim Il Sung era enables to appraise the North Korea’s unification policy as well as the history of the South and North Korean relation constructed at present. Because it makes possible to understand not only the present North Korea’s policy toward South Korea and unification but also the basis and goal of the North Korea’s foreign policy closely connected with it based on the grasping the North Korean cognition and action of the change of international environment and the South and North Korean power relation and furthermore the South Korean Political, Economical and social changes. This paper divides the Period division of Changes of the North Korea’s cognition toward South Korea in the Kim Il Sung era into respectively those of the democratic base, the South Korean local revolution and the forming plan of the Democratic federal Republic of Korea based on the factor of the ideology and regime of South and North Koreas, the South and North Korean power relation, the North Korea’s cognition toward the advance of South Korean social democracy and the changes of international environment. The changes of south and North Korean power relation and the political situation of South Korea have been confirmed as the most two important causes of it’s changes. Therefore the variable of the democratization of South Korea has been confirmed as the cause that could conduce to the changes of the North Korea’s cognition and policy toward South Korea in a positive direction.

한국사회성격론 재론과 주체사상

방인혁(Bang In-Hyuk) 비판사회학회 2009 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.83

본 논문은 탈냉전 이후 변화의 현상과 본질을 파악함으로써 대안적 비판이론을 구상하고 그 과정에서 마르크스주의와 주체사상이 기여할 수 있는 요소는 없는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 지구화로 함축되는 현재의 세계자본주의는 인류의 기존 생활방식에 근본적 변화를 초래한 것으로 보이게 한다. 그러나 이런 변화의 현상은 축적위기에 몰린 자본의 대응이라는 본질을 갖는 것이다. 달리 말하자면 신자유주의적 지구화를 가능케 한 생산력의 비약적 발전에 기존의 축적구조, 즉 자본주의적 생산관계가 질곡으로 작용하는 역사적 이행기임을 보여준다. 따라서 대안적 비판담론은 변화의 현상과 본질에 근거하여 구상되어야 한다. 대안적 비판이론은 자본주의의 본질적이고 내재적인 모순의 극복을 지향하는 변혁의 관점에 기초하면서도 현상적 차원에서의 변화에 대응하는 구체적이고 현실적 대응방안을 겸비해야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 현재 한국에서 사회구성체론 재론의 형태로 제기되고 있는 몇 가지 대안적 비판이론들은 총체적 목표 설정과 현상적 변화에 조응하는 구체적 전략전술이나 조직방식 등에서 일면적 편향을 보이고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이런 편향을 극복하기 위해서는 자본주의를 이행 중에 있는 특정한 역사적 경제사회구성체로 보는 마르크스의 문제의식에 입각해야 한다. 또한 본질과 현상, 구조와 주체, 과학과 실천의 변증법적 종합을 시도한 마르크스 사상이론적 자원은 대안적 비판이론의 구성에서 불가결한 통찰력을 제공한다. 그러나 1980년대 중반 한국사회에 수용되었던 소련의 마르크스-레닌주의는 마르크스주의 전통에서 가장 강력한 구조중심적이고 생산력주의적인 것이었다. 현재 제기되고 있는 대안적 비판이론들이 과거의 한국사회성격론을 비판하는 것은 이것과 무관치 않다. 마르크스주의에 대한 계승성과 독창성을 주장하는 주체사상은 구조중심적이고 생산력주의적 마르크스주의 이론들에 대한 비판적 문제제기로서 의의를 가질 수 있다. 달리 말하자면 마르크스주의에 대해 독창성과 계승성을 주장하는 주체사상의 의의와 문제점에 관한 정치사상적 검토는 원래의 마르크스의 사상이론적 문제의식으로 되돌아갈 수 있는 계기로 될 수 있다. 대안적 비판이론 구상에서 주체사상을 재론하는 의의는 바로 여기에 있다. This paper is designed to consider whether or not Marxism and Ju-Che Ideology can have contributory elements to construct an alternative critcal theory by grasping the phenomena and essence of changes since the post-cold war. The present global capitalism that is compressed into the globalization seems to change human lifestyle fundamentally. However the phenomena of this changes are in essence the countermeasures of the capital that has been faced with the accumulation crisis. In other words, this period is the historical transition phase when the established structure of accumulation, that is, the capitalistic relation of production fetters to the rapid development of productive force that has made the neo-liberalistic globalization possible. Accordingly the alternative critcal theory should be constructed based on the phenomena and essence of these changes. The alternative critcal theory ought to base on the revolutionary point of view that aims at overcoming the essential and inherent contradictions of capitalism and should fulfill the concrete and realistic countermeasures to cope with phenomenal changes at the same time. But we can ascertain that some alternative critcal theories which have been proposed in the form of reargument of the debate on the south korean socio-economic formation have biased views at establishing the general goal as well as concrete strategy and tactics and organization method that can be correspond with phenomenal changes. In order to overcome these biased views, we must based on the original Marx’s point of view that defined capitalism as the special historical socio-economic formation at transition. Also the Marx’s theoretical resources that attempted at the dialectical synthesization between essence and phenomenon, structure and agent, science and practice give an indispensable insight to construct an alternative critcal theory. However the Soviet Marx-Leninism that has been introduced into this country since mid-1980s is the strongest structure-determinism and the productive force-determinism in the Marxist tradition. It is related to this condition that the proposed alternative critcal theories at present criticize the past debate on the socio-economic formation. The Ju-Che Ideology that maintains the originality and inheritability from Marxism may have a the significance as a raising a question on the structure-deterministic and productive force -deterministic Marxism. In other words, the political ideological investigation on the meaning and flaw of Ju-Che Ideology that maintains the originality and inheritability from Marxism can be a moment to turn back the original assertion of Marx. It is the very reason to reargue Ju-Che Ideology in the process of considering an alternative critcal theory.

Effects of Organotin Compounds on Follicular Steroidogenesis in Frogs

Kwon Hyuk-Bang,Kim Seung-Chang,Kim An-Na,Lee Sung-Ho,Ahn Ryun-Sup 한국발생생물학회 2009 발생과 생식 Vol.13 No.3

Some organotin compounds such as butyltins and phenyltins are known to induce impo-sex in various marine animals and are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the effect of organotins on follicular steroidogenesis in amphibians was examined using ovarian follicles of Rana dybowskii and Rana catesbeiana. Isolated follicles were cultured for 6 or 18 h in the presence and absence of frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or various steroid precursors, and the levels of product steroids in the culture media oassay. Among the butyltin compounds, tributyltin (TBT) strongly and dose-dependently inhibited the FPH-induced synthesis of pregnenolone () and progesterone () by the follicles. TBT also strongly suppressed the conversion of cholesterol to and partially suppressed the conversion of to . A high concentration of dibutyltin (DBT) also inhibited steroidogenesis by the follicles while monobutyltin and tetrabutyltin had negligible effects. The toxic effect of TBT or DBT was irreversible and a short time of exposure (30 min) was enough to suppress steroidogenesis. All the phenyltin compounds significantly inhibited FPH-induced synthesis by the follicles. The effective dose of 50% inhibition by diphenyltin was and those of monophenyltin and triphenyltin were and , respectively. However, none of the phenyltin compounds significantly suppressed the conversion of to -hydroxyprogesterone (-OHP) (by -hydroxylase), -OHP to androstenedione (AD) (by lyase), or AD to testosterone by the follicles. Taken together, the data show that among the steroidogenic enzymes, P450scc in the follicles is the most sensitive to organotin compounds and that an amphibian follicle culture system can be a useful screening model for endocrine disruptors.

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis in the Craniocervical Junction

Jin Hyuk Bang,조근태,김어진 대한척추신경외과학회 2015 Neurospine Vol.12 No.3

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare disease, and it is characterized by chronic progressive inflammatory fibrosis and thickening of the dura mater with resultant compression of the spinal cord or neural structure without any identifiable cause. It can occur in the intracranial or spinal dura mater alone or as a craniospinal form. The spinal form is rarer than the cranial form and the craniospinal form is extremely rare. We report a rare case of IHP in the craniocervical junction involving both the cranial and spinal dura mater and discuss the diagnosis and management of the disease.

Targeted Delivery of siRNAs through Nanocomplexes with Novel Fusion Peptides for Breast Cancer Treatment

Jang Hyuk BANG,Kyung Ah KIM,Yeong Chae RYU,Byoung Choul KIM,Byeong Hee HWANG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed as a promising way of cancer treatment by efficiently silencing oncogenes with its natural specificity. However, because small RNAs have decisive difficulties in cellular uptake, RNAi treatment requires an efficient and stable carrier of small RNAs for applications. Here, we designed the novel fusion peptide-mediated carrier for efficient siRNA delivery to breast cancer cells. The fusion peptides formed nanocomplexes with siRNAs via electrostatic attraction. As a result, Nanocomplexes showed improved cellular uptake to breast cancer cells. Furthermore, delivered siRNAs silenced specific genes and reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, fusion peptides represented negligible cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, the histological analysis did not show tissue damage or significant cytokine peptides in the case of intradermal injection of RS fusion peptide to mouse skin. Therefore, new nanocomplex-mediated siRNA delivery could be applied to treat various gene therapy including breast cancer treatment.

Rapidly Progressive Gas-containing Lumbar Spinal Epidural Abscess

Jin Hyuk Bang,조근태 대한척추신경외과학회 2015 Neurospine Vol.12 No.3

Gas-containing (emphysematous) infections of the abdomen, pelvis, and extremities are well-known disease entities, which can potentially be life-threatening. They require aggressive medical and often surgical treatment. In the neurosurgical field, some cases of gas-containing brain abscess and subdural empyema have been reported. Sometimes they progress rapidly and even can cause fatal outcome. However, gas-containing spinal epidural abscess has been rarely reported and clinical course is unknown. We report on a case of rapidly progressive gas-containing lumbar spinal epidural abscess due to Enterococcus faecalis in a 72-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus.

Effects of Puromycin and Actinomycin D on the HCG-Induced Expansion of Cumulus Oophorus in vitro

Kwon, Hyuk-Bang The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1983 동물학회지 Vol.26 No.4

哺乳動物의 排卵時 濾胞卵子의 成熟再開와 더불어 卵子를 緻密하게 둘러싸고 있는 卵子細胞들의 分散이 일어난다. 이 現象은 生殖巢刺戟호르몬의 促進을 받은 卵丘細胞들이 細胞間隔에 多量의 뮤코量을 分泌함으로써 이루어지는데 이 때 cAMP가 第二 傳達者로 作用을 한다고 알려져 있다. 본 實驗에서는 卵子-卵丘 複合體를 培養하면서 HCG (10 IU/ml)에 의해 誘導된 卵丘細胞의 分散에 puromycin과 actinomycin D가 미치는 영향을 調査한 바 다음과 같은 缺課를 얻었다. 1. Puromycin은 2 $\\mu$g/ml의 濃度에서 卵丘細胞의 分散을 현저히 抑制하였으며 이 效果는 可逆的이었다. 2. Puromycin의 分散抑制效果는 HCG의 刺戟기간 (3시간) 뿐 아니라 뮤코量의 合成時期 ($3\\sim18$시간)에서도 나타났다. 3. Actinomycin D는 0.025 $\\mu$g/ml의 濃度에서부터 卵丘細胞의 分散을 抑制하기 시작했다. 4. Actinomycin D의 分散抑制效果는 부분적인 可逆性을 나타내었으며 0.1 $\\mu$g/ml의 濃度에서는 非可逆的인 災害效果를 나타내었다. 위의 缺課로부터 HCG의 卵丘細胞 分散誘導過程에는 蛋白質 내지 RNA의 合成過程이 관여하는 것으로 測定되며 따라서 cAMP는 轉寫 내지 解讀水準에서 卵丘細胞의 分散을 調節하는 것 같다. In order to know the mode of the action of gondotrophic hormone on the expansion of cumuli oophori, oocyte-cumulus complexes isolated from Graafian follicles of mice were stimulated to expand in vitro with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and the effects of puromycin and actinomycin D on the expansion were examined. THe complexes were cultured in medium TC 199 containing 10% bovine serum in the presence or absence of HCG and the inhibitors. Puromycin in the medium (0.5-4 $\\mu$g/ml) suppresseed the HCG-induced cumulus expansion dose-dependently. This effect of puromycin was reversible. Puromycin affected the complexes throughout the HCG-stimulating stage (3 hours) and hyaluronic acid synthesis stage (3-18 hours). Actinomycin D also inhibited the expansion of the cumulus from the concentration of 0.025 $\\mu$g/ml. But the effect of actinomycin D was not completely reversible and the drug appeared to give an irreversible damage to the complexes at 0.1 $\\mu$g/ml. From the above results, it is suggested that RNA or protein synthesis is involved in the process in which HCG stimulates the cumulus cells to expand therefore cAMP elevated by te gonadotrophin may control expansion at the transcriptional or translational level.