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Ko, Il Gyu,Moon, Bo Min,Kim, Sung Eun,Jin, Jun Jang,Hwang, Lakkyong,Ji, Eun Sang,Kim, Chang Ju,Kim, Tai Hyung,Choi, Hyun Hee,Chung, Kyung Jin Korean Continence Society 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Overactive bladder (OAB) causes urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (α<SUB>1</SUB>-AR) antagonists are known to improve lower urinary tract symptoms associated with OAB. The α<SUB>1</SUB>-AR antagonists constitute a variety of drugs according to the receptor subtype affinity. This study investigated the efficacy of tamsulosin, naftopidil, and a combination of the two on OAB rats.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The OAB rat model was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide for 14 days. The experimental groups were divided into 5 groups: control group, OAB-induction group, OAB-induction and tamsulosin monotherapy group, OAB-induction and naftopidil monotherapy group, and OAB-induction and tamsulosin-naftopidil combination therapy group. For the drug-treated groups, each drug was administrated for 14 days after the OAB induction. Cystometry for urodynamic evaluation and immunohistochemical stain for c-Fos and nerve growth factor (NGF) expressions in the central micturition centers were performed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Increased contraction pressure and time with enhanced c-Fos and NGF expressions in the central micturition centers were found in the OAB rats. Tamsulosin suppressed contraction pressure and time while inhibiting c-Fos and NGF expressions. Naftopidil showed no significant effect and combination therapy showed less of an effect on contraction pressure and time. Naftopidil and combination therapy exerted no significant effect on the c-Fos and NGF expressions.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Tamsulosin showed the most prominent efficacy for the treatment of OAB compared to the naftopidil and combination. The combination of tamsulosin with naftopidil showed no synergistic effects on OAB; however, further studies of addon therapy might provide opportunities to find a new modality.</P>
Hypothermia alleviates hypoxic ischemia-induced dopamine dysfunction and memory impairment in rats
Ko, Il-Gyu,Cho, Han-Jin,Kim, Sung-Eun,Kim, Ji-Eun,Sung, Yun-Hee,Kim, Bo-Kyun,Shin, Mal-Soon,Cho, Seh-Yung,KimPak, Young-Mi,Kim, Chang-Ju The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2011 Animal cells and systems Vol.15 No.4
Hypoxic ischemia injury is a common cause of functional brain damage, resulting from a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. The main problems associated with hypoxic ischemia to the brain are memory impairment and dopamine dysfunction. Hypothermia has been suggested to ameliorate the neurological impairment induced by various brain insults. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypothermia on memory function and dopamine synthesis following hypoxic ischemia to the brain in rats. For this purpose, a step-down avoidance task, a radial eight-arm maze task, and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. The present results indicated that the hypoxic ischemia-induced disturbance of the animal's performances and spatial working memory was associated with a decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum, and an increase in cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Hypothermia treatment improved the animals' performance and spatial working memory by suppressing the decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum and the increase in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. We suggest that hypothermia can be an efficient therapeutic modality to facilitate recovery following hypoxic ischemia injury to the brain, presumably by modulating the dopaminergic cell loss.
Ko, Il Gyu,Jeong, Jin Woo,Kim, Young Hoon,Jee, Yong Seok,Kim, Sung Eun,Kim, Sang Hoon,Jin, Jun Jang,Kim, Chang Ju,Chung, Kyung Jin Korean Continence Society 2014 International Neurourology Journal Vol.18 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Aging-induced loss of muscle mass and subsequent reduction of strength is a fundamental cause of frailty, functional decline, and disability. And this may lead to muscular dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, or urinary incontinence due to pelvic muscle weakness induced by aging. Physical exercise has been recommended for the prevention and the treatment of these age-related frail states. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on muscle strength, myostatin mRNA and protein expression, and gastrocnemius myocytes proliferation in aged rats to investigate the possible antiaging effects of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscles such as pelvic floor muscles and urethral rhabdosphincter muscle.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In this study, 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the young-age group (n=20) and 24-month-old rats were used as the old-age group (n=20). Each group was randomly divided into two groups (n=10 in each group): the sedentary and the treadmill exercise group. The rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes, once a day, for 6 weeks. For this study, a weight load test, hematoxylin and eosin staining, real-time and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for myostatin mRNA, myostatin western blot, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry were performed in the gastrocnemius muscle.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The age-induced reduction of muscle mass and strength was associated with a decrease in myocyte proliferation and an increase in myostatin mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius. However, treadmill exercise improved muscle mass and strength through suppression of myostatin mRNA and protein expression, and myocyte proliferation increase in the gastrocnemius against the aging process.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Aerobic exercise is a useful strategy for enhancing muscle function against aging-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and functions.</P>
Il-Gyu Ko,Sung-Eun Kim,Mal-Soon Shin,Chang-Ju Kim,Sam-Jun Lee 대한스트레스학회 2011 스트레스硏究 Vol.19 No.2
전신염증은 여러 장기 특히 중추신경계에 해를 끼치게 되어, 기능을 저하시킨다. 지질다당류는 지질을 포함하는 다당류로 내독소이며, 조직 특이적 항원으로 작용한다. 지질다당류는 면역기능을 활성화시켜 염증을 유발하여 세포기능을 악화시키며, 해마 신경세포는 지질다당류에 특히 취약하다. 트레드밀 운동은 뇌 손상에 의한 뇌 기능의 장애를 경감시킨다. 본 연구에서는 지질다당류에 의한 전신염증 시 트레드밀 운동이 단기기억과 공간기억에 미치는 영향을 해마 신경세포의 사멸과 관련 지어 실험하였다. 본 연구에서는 나이에 따른 운동의 효과를 규명하기 위하여 젊은 쥐와 늙은 쥐를 사용하였다. 실험결과, 노화는 해마의 세포사멸을 증가시켜 단기 기억과 공간 기억을 감소시켰다. 트레드밀 운동은 노화에 의한 세포사멸을 억제하였고, 그 결과 단기기억과 공간기억의 감소를 억제하였다. 지질다당류는 젊은 쥐와 늙은 쥐 모두에서 세포사멸을 증가시켜 단기기억과 공간기억을 감소시켰다. 트레드밀 운동은 젊은 쥐와 늙은 쥐 모두에서 지질다당류에 의한 세포사멸을 억제시켜 기억력 감퇴를 경감시켰다. 노화에 의하여 세포사멸이 증가되고 기억력이 감퇴된다는 것을 고려한다면, 트레드밀 운동의 전신염증에 의한 기억력 감퇴 억제작용은 노인에게서 더욱 중요하다고 보여진다. Systemic inflammation exerts detrimental effects on the various organs, especially on the central nervous system (CNS), and leading to multiple organ failure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a lipid-containing polysaccharide which is endotoxin and acts as important group-specific antigen. LPS induces immune activation, causes inflammation, and results in deterioration of cellular function. Hippocampal neurons are particularly susceptible to this LPS. Treadmill exercise is known to ameliorate neurologic impairment induced by various brain insults. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on short-term and spatial memories in relation with apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following LPS-induced systemic inflammation. For the evaluation of age-dependent effect of treadmill exercise on these parameters, we used both young-aged and old-aged rats. In the present results, aging process impaired short-term and spatial memories through increase of apoptosis in the hippocampus. Treadmill exercise alleviated aging-induced impairment of short-term and spatial memories and suppressed aging-induced apoptosis in the old-aged rats. LPS-induced systemic inflammation disturbed short-term and spatial memories with increased apoptosis in both young-aged and old-aged rats. Treadmill exercise alleviated LPS-induced impairment of short-term and spatial memories and suppressed LPS-induced apoptosis in both young-aged and old-aged rats. Here in this study, we showed that treadmill exercise may inhibit LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis, thus facilitates recovery of memory function following systemic inflammation. Concerning that aging process disturbs memory function by enhancing of apoptotic neuronal cell death, these effects of treadmill exercise may be more important in the elderly. (Korean J Str Res 2011;19:97∼105)
Il-Soo Lee,Young-Je Sim,Jee-Youn Kim,Il-Gyu Ko,Bo-Kyun Kim,Chang-Ju Kim,Choong-Yeol Lee 대한스트레스학회 2009 스트레스硏究 Vol.17 No.3
포유동물의 신경계에는 중심회백질과 큰솔기핵을 포함하는 하행성 진통작용이 있다. 만성 당뇨성 신경병증은 하행성 진통작용을 감소시켜 통증을 더욱 유발시킨다. c-Fos는 여러 자극에 의하여 발현이 증가되는데, 따라서 c-Fos의 발현은 신경의 흥분성을 나타낸다. 중심회백질과 큰솔기핵에서의 c-Fos 발현은 하행성 진통작용이 활성화 됨을 의미한다. 본 실험에서는 streptozotocin에 의하여 당뇨가 유발된 생쥐의 중심회백질과 큰솔기핵에서 c-Fos 발현에 미치는 트레드밀 달리기의 효과를 연구하였다. 달리기군은 하루 30분씩 30일간 트레드밀 달리기를 실시하였다. 당뇨가 유발된 생쥐의 중심회백질과 큰솔기핵에서 c-Fos 발현이 감소하였고, 인슐린 처치 또는 트레드밀 달리기를 실시한 결과 이러한 c-Fos 발현이 증가되었다. 본 실험의 결과 트레드밀 달리기는, 인슐린치료와 마찬가지로, 중심회백질과 큰솔 기핵의 신경을 흥분시켜 하행성 진통작용을 활성화 시킴으로써 당뇨성 신경병증의 증상을 경감시킴을 나타낸다. The mammalian nervous system contains descending pain control system, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG) and nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). In chronic diabetic neuropathic pain, the activity of descending pain control system may be reduced, further amplifying pain perception. c-Fos protein is rapidly expressed in neurons in response to various stimuli, and c-Fos expression is recognized as a marker of increased neuronal activity. Upregulations of c-Fos expression in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) and NRM suggests the activation of descending pain control system. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill running on the expression of c-Fos in the vlPAG and NRM regions of brains in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Mice in the treadmill exercise group were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day for 30 consecutive days. In mice with STZ-induced diabetes, the expression of c-Fos in the vlPAG and NRM was suppressed. Treadmill running, as like as insulin treatment, significantly increased c-Fos expression in the vlPAG and NRM. These results suggest that treadmill running might activate neurons in the vlPAG and NRM, and thus it alleviate the diabetes-related neuropathic pain through activation of descending pain control system. (Korean J Str Res. 2009;17:307∼312)
Paschen α Galactic Plane Survey with MIRIS: the Preliminary Results for l=280°-100°
Il-Joong Kim,Jeonghyun Pyo,Woong-Seob Jeong,Wonyong Han,Won-Kee Park,Dukhang Lee,Bongkon Moon,Sung-Joon Park,Youngsik Park,Dae-Hee Lee,Kyeongyeon Ko,Kwang-Il Seon,Min Gyu Kim,Hyung Mok Lee,Toshio Mats 한국천문학회 2014 天文學會報 Vol.39 No.2