규칙적인 리듬의 청각 자극이 사회불안 감소에 미치는 효과

김수아(Sua Kim1),송현주(Hyunjoo Song) 한국심리치료학회 2021 한국심리치료학회지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 규칙적인 리듬의 청각자극이 사회불안 감소에 효과가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 ‘높은 사회불안 집단’ 22명과 ‘낮은 사회불안 집단’ 20명을 선별한 뒤, 각 집단 내에서 실험군과 통제군을 같은 수로 무선할당 하였다. 구조화된 불안 유도 과제인 TSST-G를 사용하여 불안을 유도한 이후, 실험군에만 5분 간 30bpm 의 메트로놈 자극을 들려주었다. 생리적 증상을 측정하기 위해 실험의 처음부터 끝까지 초 단위로 심장 박동수를 측정하는 기기를 착용하였으며, 각 과제 수행 구간별 심장 박동수 평균을 구하였다. 또한 과제 수행 구간마다 불안과 긴장, 회피감에 대해 100점 만점으로 평정하도록 하였고, 암산 이후, 자극제시/휴식 후, 디브리핑 이후의 세 구간에서는 사후반추사고를 측정하였다. 심장 박동수의 기저선과 사전 평가에서 실시한 발표불안 점수를 공변 량으로 두고 심장 박동수 평균에 대해 반복 측정 공분산 분석을 실시한 결과, 실험군의 심장 박동수가 통계적으로 유의미한 수준으로 안정된 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 효과는 낮은 불안수준 집단에서만 유의하게 나타났다. 결론 적으로 본 연구는 비침습적이고 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 자극을 이용해 사회 불안을 감소시킬 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. This study was designed to see if the auditory stimulation with metronomic beat were effective in reducing social anxiety. 22 high social anxiety group and 20 low social anxiety groups were selected. 11 assigned test/high social anxiety group, 11 assigned control/high social anxiety group, 10 assigned test/low social anxiety group, 10 assigned control/low social anxiety group. After using the structured anxiety induction task, TSST-G, a 30-bpm metronomic stimulation was given to the test group only for 5 minutes. To measure physiological symptoms, the heart rate was measured every second of the experiment from beginning to the end of the experiment, and the heart rate average was calculated for each section of the task. In addition, anxiety, tension, and avoidance were rated at 100 out of every section interval, and post-event rumination were measured in three sections(after mental arithmetic, stimulation/resting, debriefing). As a result of repeated measures analysis of covariance for the heart rate average, the heart rate of the test group was found to be stable at a statistically significant level, and this effect was significant only in the low anxiety group. Also, the longer the subjects listened to the metronomic beat, the effect was clearer. At this time, the baseline of the heart rate and the speech anxiety scale performed in the pre-evaluation were set as covariate. In conclusion, this study is significant in that it can reduce social anxiety using non-invasive and easily available stimuli.

Plane P

Hyunjoo Kim(김현주) 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2023 No.6

Which is the Preferred Regimen for Non-Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection in Korea, Vancomycin or Metronidazole?

Kim Jieun,Kim Jinyeong,Kim Bongyoung,Pai Hyunjoo 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.2

The emergence of hypervirulent Clostridioides difficile strains has decreased the efficacy of metronidazole in the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI). Therefore, revised guidelines no longer recommend the use of metronidazole as a first-line regimen for CDI and restrict its use for non-severe CDI, only when vancomycin and fidaxomicin are unavailable. In Korea, an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent C. difficile strain or the emergence of metronidazole resistant C. difficile strains have not been reported. This review article aims to compare the treatment outcomes and adverse effects of vancomycin and metronidazole and discuss the validity of the guidelines of various agencies, which restrict the use of metronidazole, for Korean patients. There are no substantial adverse effects of metronidazole, and its clinical outcomes against non-severe CDI are similar to those of vancomycin. Based on these findings, we recommend that the use of metronidazole for the treatment of non-severe CDI is still an appropriate option in Korea.

Single-Atom Catalysts of Precious Metals for Electrochemical Reactions

Kim, Jiwhan,Kim, Hee-Eun,Lee, Hyunjoo WILEY-VCH 2018 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.11 No.1

<P>Single-atom catalysts (SACs), in which metal atoms are dispersed on the support without forming nanoparticles, have been used for various heterogeneous reactions and most recently for electrochemical reactions. In this Minireview, recent examples of single-atom electrocatalysts used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) are introduced. Many density functional theory (DFT) simulations have predicted that SACs may be effective for CO2 reduction to methane or methanol production while suppressing H-2 evolution, and those cases are introduced here as well. Single atoms, mainly Pt single atoms, have been deposited on TiN or TiC nanoparticles, defective graphene nanosheets, N-doped covalent triazine frameworks, graphitic carbon nitride, S-doped zeolite-templated carbon, and Sb-doped SnO2 surfaces. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement, and in situ infrared spectroscopy have been used to detect the single-atom structure and confirm the absence of nanoparticles. SACs have shown high mass activity, minimizing the use of precious metal, and unique selectivity distinct from nanoparticle catalysts owing to the absence of ensemble sites. Additional features that SACs should possess for effective electrochemical applications were also suggested.</P>

A Case of Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax Malaria Imported from Indonesia

Kim, Eun Sil,Na, Byung Kook,Park, Yun-Kyu,Chung, Moon-Hyun,Lee, Jin-Soo,Cheon, Seung-min,Lee, Je,Shin, Jeong-hun,Kim, Eun-young,Pai, Hyunjoo 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

Resistance of falciparum malaria to antimalarial agents is prevalent in many areas, whereas chloroquine-resistant vivax malaria has been reported mainly around New Guinea since 1989. Concomitant with the spread of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax and increase in number of international travelers, imported cases of chloroquine-resistant vivax malaria in travelers returning from these areas has been reported. We experienced a case of chloroquine resistance P. vivax infection imported from Mangole Island, Indonesia. Its origin is confirmed not to be indigenous by the gene encoding analysis for the polymorphic region of apical membrane antigen-1 in P. vivax. Gene sequencing of the P. vivax mdr1 gene revealed only one substitution located at the codon 1076 (F1076L). The case was managed with oral quinidine with successful outcomes. 열대열 말라리아에서 항말라리아에 대한 내성은 세계적인 현상이지만, 삼일열 말라리아에서 클로로퀸 내성은 1989년부터 뉴기니 주변 지역에서 주로 발생하고 있다. 이들 지역으로 여행하는 여행객이 증가하면서 클로로퀸 내성 삼일열 말라이아 예들 보고가 늘고 있다. 저자들은 인도네시아의 망골 섬 여행 후 발생한 클로로퀸 내성 삼일열 말라리아를 경험했으며, P. vivax의 apical membrane antigen-1을 코딩하는 polymorphic region 분석에서 환자의 삼일열 말라리아 원충은 국내 발생주와는 다른 것을 증명했고, P. vivax mdr1 gene의 염기서열 분석에서 1076 코돈이 L에서 F로 변한 것을 확인하였다. 경구 퀴니딘으로 치료하여 증상과 원충혈증이 호전되었다.

Kaleidoscope Art

Hyunjoo Kim(김현주) 한국디자인학회 2014 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2014 No.11

Miniature ultrasound ring array transducers for transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation of freely-moving small animals

Kim, Hyunggug,Kim, Seongyeon,Sim, Nam Suk,Pasquinelli, Cristina,Thielscher, Axel,Lee, Jeong Ho,Lee, Hyunjoo J. Elsevier 2019 Brain stimulation Vol.12 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Current transcranial ultrasound stimulation for small animal <I>in vivo</I> experiment is limited to acute stimulation under anesthesia in stereotaxic fixation due to bulky and heavy curved transducers.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We developed a miniaturized ultrasound ring array transducer which is capable of invoking motor responses through neuromodulation of freely-moving awake mice.</P> <P><B>Results:</B></P> <P>The developed transducer is a 32-element, 183-kHz ring array with a weight of 0.035 g (with PCB: 0.73 g), a diameter of 8.1 mm, a focal length of 2.3 mm, and lateral resolution of 2.75 mm. By developing an affixation scheme suitable for freely-moving animals, the transducer was successfully coupled to the mouse brain and induced motor responses in both affixed and awake states.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Ultrasound neuromodulation of a freely-moving animal is now possible using the developed lightweight and compact system to conduct a versatile set of <I>in vivo</I> experiments.</P>

Intracellular cleavage of osteopontin by caspase-8 modulates hypoxia/reoxygenation cell death through p53.

Kim, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Ho-June,Jun, Joon-Il,Oh, Yumin,Choi, Seon-Guk,Kim, Hyunjoo,Chung, Chul-Woong,Kim, In-Ki,Park, Il-Sun,Chae, Han-Jung,Kim, Hyung-Ryong,Jung, Yong-Keun National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.36

<P>Osteopontin (OPN) is highly expressed in cancer patients and plays important roles in many stages of tumor progression, such as anti-apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis. From functional screening of human cDNA library, we isolated OPN as a caspase-8 substrate that regulates cell death during hypoxia/reoxygenation (Hyp/RO). In vitro cleavage assays demonstrate that OPN is cleaved at Asp-135 and Asp-157 by caspase-8. Cellular cleavage of OPN is observed in apoptotic cells exposed to Hyp/RO among various apoptotic stimuli and its cleavage is blocked by zVAD or IETD caspase inhibitor. Further, over-expression of OPN, the form with secretion signal, inhibits Hyp/RO-induced cell death. Caspase cleavage-defective OPN mutant (OPN D135A/D157A) is more efficient to suppress Hyp/RO-induced cell death than wild-type OPN. OPN D135A/D157A sustains AKT activity to increase cell viability through inhibition of caspase-9 during Hyp/RO. In addition, OPN is highly induced in some tumor cells during Hyp/RO, such as HeLa and Huh-7 cells, which is associated with their resistance to Hyp/RO by sustaining AKT activity. Notably, OPN C-terminal cleavage fragment produced by caspase-8 is detected in the nucleus. Plasmid-encoded expression of OPN C-terminal cleavage fragment increases p53 protein level and induces apoptosis of wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, but not p53(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. These observations suggest that the protective function of OPN during Hyp/RO is inactivated via the proteolytic cleavage by caspase-8 and its cleavage product subsequently induces cell death via p53, postulating caspase-8 as a negative regulator of tumorigenic activity of OPN.</P>

화농성 근염과 감염성 대동맥류로 진행한 Klebsiella pneumoniae 간농양 1예

김주형,김지은,백수영,구태연,이경아,정경희,김현철,김혜영,배현주 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.6

Klebsiella pneumonias causes pyogenic infections in various sites, with the risk of which increases in patients with diabetes mellitus. Recently, K. pneumoniae has emerged as a leading cause of pyogenie liver abscess, Primary liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae in the absence of underlying hepatobiliary disease is commonly associated with metastatic infections such as endophthalmitis, meningitis, brain abscess and infection in other sites. We experienced a case of K. pneumonias liver abscess associated with septic metastatic lesions including pyomyositis and infected aneurysm of aorta. Despite the aggressive management with antibiotics, surgical pus drainage and aortic bypass graft, patient died of ventilator associated pneumonia and multiorgan failure. Our experience suggests that clinicians should be alert to septic metastatic infections when they treat a patient with K. pneumonias liver abscess.

PtRu nano-dandelions on thiolated carbon nanotubes: a new synthetic strategy for supported bimetallic core–shell clusters on the atomic scale

Kim, Yong-Tae,Lee, Hyunjoo,Kim, Hyoung-Juhn,Lim, Tae-Hoon Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical communications Vol.46 No.12

<P>Core–shell PtRu clusters resembling dandelions were formed on thiolated carbon nanotubes by the difference in bond strength with surface thiol groups between Pt and Ru single atoms. The formation mechanism was clearly understood using a different release timing concept based on EXAFS and XPS analyses during heat treatment.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Core–shell PtRu clusters resembling dandelions were formed on thiolated carbon nanotubes by the difference in bond strength with surface thiol groups between Pt and Ru single atoms. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b920149a'> </P>