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Tomlinson-harashima precoder with tilted constellation for reducing transmission power
Jiwon Kang,Hyungwoo Ku,Dong-Seung Kwon,Chungyong Lee IEEE 2009 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.8 No.7
<P>Tomlinson-Harashima precoder (THP) is being noted for an efficient alternative to dirty paper coder. THP increases the transmission power due to the use of the modulo operator. In this paper, we propose a method that reduces the transmission power by tilting the constellations of the transmit data symbols. The symbol error rate (SER) is improved for a fixed SNR by reducing the transmission power. Average transmission power is calculated asymptotically by using an extreme value distribution. We have shown that the transmission power can be significantly reduced when we use the tilted constellation THP. As the transmission power determines the SER slope, at high SNRs we achieve lower SER than in the case of a transmission over an AWGN channel. The tilted angle can be estimated at the receiver. An angle estimation algorithm is proposed that optimizes angle estimation error and SER.We use the approximation of the angle estimation error and SER to find an optimum number of tilted angles. By using the proposed angle estimation algorithm and the optimum number of tilted angles, the tilted constellation THP always outperforms the conventional THP algorithm.</P>
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Analysis of two quorum sensing-deficient isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Lee, Dong Ju,Jo, A. Ra,Jang, Min Cheol,Nam, Jiyoung,Choi, Hyun Jun,Choi, Go-Woo,Sung, Hye Yeong,Bae, Hyungwoo,Ku, Yang-Gyu,Chi, Youn-Tae Elsevier 2018 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Three strains of <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> were isolated: wild-type (WT, NO4) showed normal quorum sensing (QS), whereas QSD3 and QSD7 were QS-deficient (QSD) containing limited <I>N-</I>butyryl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL). The autoinducer activity produced by NO4 was found to be at least 50-fold higher than those by the QSD3 and the QSD7 strains. The QSDs produced lower levels of phenazine compounds (pyocyanin), siderophores (pyoverdine) and biosurfactants (rhamnolipids) than NO4. Therefore, the swarming motility and the swimming motility of the QSD3 and the QSD7 strains also decreased. Treatment with exogenous C4-HSL completely restored rhamnolipid production in both QSDs, suggesting that the biosynthesis of C4-HSL is defective. However, the biofilm production of the QSDs reached much higher levels than those of wild-types (NO4 and <I>P. aeruginosa</I> PAO1). And both QSD strains were more resistant than wild-type cell (NO4) against kanamycin and tobramycin. The RpoS gene, which function is related with QS, is point-nonsense mutated in QSD3 strain. But eleven QS-related genes in QSD3 were not mutated, compared to those of PAO1, which carries intact QS genes and is used as a positive control. This study is helpful in the development of novel approaches in the treatment of <I>P. aeruginosa</I> infections.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two strains of <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> were isolated: QSD3 and QSD7 strain were quorum sensing (QS)-deficient. </LI> <LI> In QSD3 and QSD7 strains, the concentrations of pyocyanin, pyoverdine, rhamnolipid, and C4-HSL decreased. </LI> <LI> However, QSD3 and QSD7 have greater abilities to produce biofilms than two wild-type cells. </LI> <LI> QSD3 and QSD7 cells are capable of undergoing more resistant against antibiotics, kanamycin and tobramycin. </LI> </UL> </P>
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