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김현구 ( Kim¸ Hyun-gu ) 부경역사연구소 2021 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.49
조선후기 양란을 겪으면서 화기류의 개발과 보급은 확대되었다. 17세기 후반기는 명ㆍ청의 교체에 따른 수도권 방어 강화를 위한 일련의 정책이 추진되고, 중앙 군영이 신설되면서 화기의 수요는 더욱 늘어났다. 특히 수군의 전력 유지를 위한 탑재 화포의 다양화와 배정의 증대는 화포 주조의 활성화를 가져온 것으로 보인다. 이와 같은 과정에서 8전선 선단 자체의 수급을 위한 주요 화포의 제작 현장이자 여분의 물량 공급이 가능했던 곳이 통제영이었다. 통제영과 연관된 현존 화포들은 천자 총통에서부터 주류를 이룬 불랑기류까지 다양하다. 무엇보다 화포 제작을 위한 기술력과 원자재 공급의 용이함이 작동하였고, 이를 이끈 감조군관이나 장인의 활약상은 눈부신 바 있었다. 화포 제작의 양상은 통제영 현지에서 생산된 물량을 직접 수요처에 공급하는 방식과 풍부한 경험과 기술력을 보유한 감조관과 장인들이 현장에 파견 투입되어 제작하는 방식이었다. 전자에는 신청과 강준, 후자에는 신기립이 감조군관으로서 선도적인 역할을 수행하였다. 이들은 이를 계기로 삼아 재지무반으로서의 입지를 굳힐 수 있었고, 그 후 그들 가계의 후예들은 여럿 보직을 맡아 지역사회의 핵심세력으로 부상할 수 있었다. 한편으로는 윤만제의 가계처럼 중앙무대에서 이탈하여 변방 사회에 편입되면서 새로운 활로를 모색하는 경우도 있었다. 요컨대 지방 군영이 가진 화기 제작의 여력과 인적 자원의 양성은 이 시기 군제 재편의 일익을 담당했고, 나아가서 해당 지역사회의 변모에도 파급력을 발휘하였다. 통제영은 그러한 역동성의 구현을 보여주는 현장이었다. During the dual war in the late Joseon Dynasty, the development and distribution of a kind of firearms(cannons) expanded. In the latter half of the 17th century, the demand for firearms increased further as a series of policies were promoted to strengthen the defense of the metropolitan area following the replacement of Ming and Qing, and the central military was newly established. In particular, the diversification and allocation of artillery loaded to maintain the naval forces seem to have led to the activation of cannon casting. In this process, Tongjeyoung was the main site of the production of cannon to adjust supply and demand of the 8 Warships fleet itself and the place where the extra supplies could be supplied. The existing cannons related to Tongjeyoung range from Cheonjachongtong(天字銃筒) to the mainstream Bulranggi(佛狼機). Above all, the technology for the production of canon and the ease of supplying raw materials worked, and the performance of the military commander in overseeing or craftsman who led it was remarkable activities. The aspect of cannon production was to directly supply supplies produced in the Tongjeyoung to the consumer, and to be dispatched to the site by inspectors and craftsmen with abundant experience and technology. Shin Chung(申淸) and Kang Joon(姜俊) played a leading role in the former and Shin Gi-Rib(申起立) in the latter as a inspecting military officer. Taking this opportunity, they were able to solidify their position as Jaejimuban(在地武班), and after that, descendants of their households took several positions and emerged as key forces in the local community. On the one hand, like Yoon Man-je's family, there were cases where he deviated from the central stage and was incorporated into the marginal society to seek a new path. In short, the capacity and training of human resources for the production of firearms owned by local military Camps and military management played a part in the reorganization of the military system during this period, and furthermore, it had a ripple effect on the transformation of the local community. The Tongjeyoung was a site showing the realization of such dynamics.
Constellation analysis of PSK signal for diagnostic monitoring
Hyungu Hwang,Daeho Kim IEEE 2012 Communications (APCC), 2012 18th Asia-Pacific Conf Vol.2012 No.10
<P>This paper presents constellation analysis for phase-shift keying (PSK) signal in time region on some problems. Generally diagnostic monitoring (DM) equipment is used for development of communication systems. And DM equipment shows signal constellation to diagnose communication status. However it is not known what specific signal constellation shapes mean. In this paper we investigate that specific signal constellations originate from specific problems during development process. Simulation results are coincident with the results of target hardware board. In this paper we mainly analyze differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) signals in time region because another modulation signals have similar features. Therefore this paper could support to easily find out the problems during development process by simple comparing DM constellation with specific signal constellations.</P>
Evolving Internal Memory Strategies for the Woods Problems
Hyungu Yim,DaeEun Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
Purely reactive systems have been used in many robotics researches. However, they have difficulty in solving the hidden state problems. Internal memory has been used to solve the hidden state problems, which is also called the perceptual aliasing problems. Woods problem is one of the perceptual aliasing problems. In this paper, we apply two methods, Finite State Machine and GP-automata controllers, to solve the Woods problem. These two methods are compared in terms of the behavior performance of the agents with internal memory and sensor states. The performance of each method in the Woods problem is measured by the average number of time steps needed to reach a goal position from all possible initial positions. The analysis of the memory shows that both memory states and sensor states affect the behavior performance of the agent.
( Hyungu Ko ),( Sharon Smith ) 서암순창장학회 2016 Journal of Marketing Thought Vol.3 No.1
This study examines how a supplier’s governance and relational strategy with its upstream suppliers affects downstream buyers’ satisfaction. The author reveals that the first-tier supplier’s solidarity norm, as a governance mechanism as a relational strategy positively affects, downstream manufacturers’ satisfaction. However, a supplier’s horizontal conflict negatively affects its performance, which makes it difficult to satisfy a manufacturer because conflict is opponent-oriented behavior that distracts the supplier. By analyzing interactions between a supplier’s solidarity norm and the level of structural holes, the author demonstrates that structural holes strengthen the relationship between a supplier’s solidarity and manufacturer satisfaction. Also, a high level of structural holes dampens the negative relationship between horizontal conflict and manufacturer satisfaction. From a practical viewpoint, these findings show that a supplier in a channel network should focus on upstream relationships to maximize downstream client satisfaction, as well as maintain positive individual relationships with clients.