Secondary Recrystallization in Metals: Approach by Solid-State Wetting Hyung-Seok Shim and Nong-Moon Hwang

( Hyung Seok Shim ),( Nong Moon Hwang ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2014 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.52 No.9

The mystery of Goss selective abnormal grain growth (AGG) in Fe-3%Si steel has long remained unsolved since its discovery by Goss in 1933. Similarly, the mechanism of secondary recrystallization, which is commonly observed in many metallic systems, has long been a puzzle. Here, attempts to solve this puzzle are reviewed with a focus on solid-state wetting along the triple junction of polycrystalline metals. Especially, the grains with sub-boundaries of very low energy exclusively have a high probability to grow by solid-state wetting and as a result can grow abnormally. The 3-dimensional Monte Carlo (MC) and phase field model (PFM) computer simulations showed that the presence of sub-boundaries induces AGG. The existence of sub-boundaries exclusively in abnormally-growing grains was experimentally confirmed in Fe-3%Si steel and in 5052 Al alloy. The time evolution of abnormally growing grains by ex-situ observation and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis of 5052 Al alloy clearly revealed many microstructural evidences for AGG by triple-junction wetting. Misorientation angle measurements by EBSD of the grains belonging to the penetrating morphology showed that the penetrated grain boundaries have high energy and the penetrating grain boundaries tend to have low energy, in agreement with the wetting condition along the triple junction. Parallel three-dimensional MC simulations starting with the experimental misorientationdata, which consider sub-boundaries and precipitates, show many realistic AGG features observed experimentally. (Received July 28, 2013)

한국형 리더십 과정 개발과 적용 및 성과에 관한 실증적 연구 : ‘지혜인 리더십 과정’을 중심으로

문형남,손기원 숙명여자대학교숙명리더십개발원 2007 숙명리더십연구 Vol.6 No.-

21C 글로벌 경영환경에서 국가경쟁력 제고를 위한 인적자원 개발의 중요성이 커지고 있으며, 서구적 경영 패러다임의 한계를 극복할 한국형 리더십 과정의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국형 리더십 과정의 개발과 적용 및 성과 측정에 관한 최초의 연구라는 점에 의의가 크다. 한국이라는 지역이 갖는 문화적 특수성과 경영 패러다임이 급속하게 변하는 상황을 고려할 때 한국형 리더십 과정의 개발이 시급히 요구된다. 경영 패러다임의 변화가 지식경영에서 지혜경영으로 변화하는 변곡점에 있다고 볼 때, 각 조직 구성원에게 보다 효과적으로 수용되는 ‘한국형 리더십’은 ‘지혜인 리더십’이라 할 수 있다. 지혜인(Wise Man)은 높은 수준의 자기수양을 함으로써 자기중심성을 극복하고 도덕성과 통찰력을 갖춘 자를 말한다. 우리 민족은 심신수양을 근간으로 한 지혜의 민족이며, 그 중 한국 고유의 리더십은 조선시대 정신적 리더였던 군자에게서 찾을 수 있는데, 그 철학적 기반은 유학에서 찾을 수 있다. 유학은 안으로 자기의 인격을 완성하고 밖으로 그 완성된 인격으로 세상 사람들을 돕는 수기(修己: self-leadership)와 치인(治人: leadership)의 실천적 학문이다. 그런 점에서 유학의 핵심 개념인 성(性), 도(道), 경(敬), 인(仁), 중(中), 통(通) 등의 개념을 현대적 리더십으로 구체화하고, 덕(德)의 리더십을 회복함으로써 조직 구성원과 고객을 행복하게 하는 안민(安民)의 리더십이 곧 ‘지혜인 리더십’인 것이다. 한편 서양에서도 성경에 지혜라는 단어가 400여회 나오는 점 등을 볼 때 동양 사상과 서양 사상이 지혜를 근간으로 한다는 면에서 일맥상통하는 점을 발견할 수 있었으며, 세계화의 가능성도 엿볼 수 있다. ‘지혜인 리더십 과정’은 지혜경영 연구소에서 개발하여 삼성전자 등에서 196명의 정규과정(24시간 이상) 수료자와 경기중소기업CEO과정 등에서 95명의 단축과정(7~8시간) 수료자를 포함하여 총 291명의 수료자를 배출했다. 손기원은 2004년 7월부터 2006년 12월까지 2년 6개월의 기간을 투입하여 과정을 개발하고 2007년부터 과정을 본격적으로 운영했으며, 문형남은 과정에 피교육생으로 직접 참여하고 성과를 측정했다. ‘지혜인 리더십 과정'의 성과를 측정하기 위해 독자적으로 고안한 피드백 프로그램을 적용하였다. 과정을 시작하는 시점과 과정이 끝나는 시점에 24개의 똑같은 문항의 설문으로 자기평가를 하게 함으로써 과정의 성과를 측정했다. 그 결과 과정 시작시 평균 69.6점(100점 만점으로 환산)에서 과정 종료시 평균 81.3점(100점 만점으로 환산)으로 16.9% 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 노사관계 패러다임이 분배투쟁 위주에서 인적자원개발로 전환되고 있고, 인적자원개발 수요가 확대일로에 있는 상황에서 이제 우리는 개발된 과정에 대한 과학적 분석과 평가, 과정 개발 전문가와 진행자(FT) 등 전문인력 양성, 한국형 리더십 프로그램의 세계화 및 각급 학교 정규 교육에의 적용 등을 통해 한국형 리더십 프로그램을 발전시켜 나가야 할 것이다. 그것은 서구적 경영 패러다임의 한계를 극복하고 인적자원개발의 새로운 지평을 열어가는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. Importance of 'development of human resources' for 'raise of national competitive power' in 21C global management environment has become more larger, and necessity of Korean style leadership program which can overcome limit of western management paradigm has become more bigger. This study is very meaningful because this is first study about development and application of Korean style leadership program. Development of Korean style leadership program is needed urgently, when we consider of 'cultural particularity of Korea' and 'the situation of fast change in management paradigm'. Considering we are in the turning point, change of management paradigm from knowledge management to wisdom management, Korean style leadership, which is accepted more effectively by members of organizations in Korea, can be 'wise man leadership'. 'Wise Man' is a person who has ethicality and insight, and overcomes self-centeredness by culturing superbly'. Korean inherent leadership can be found in 'man of virtue' who was mental leader in Joseon Dynasty, that philosophical base can be found in Confucianism. Confucianism, which is mainstream of oriental thought, is practical study about self-leadership(修己) and leadership(治人) which asserts a completion of inner self-personality and exterior aid of other people in world by complete personality. Therefore, we can think that whole oriental thoughts have a management-philosophical characteristic of individual self-management leadership and organiaztion-management leadership. In that point, It is important that we recover leadership of Deok(德: virtue) and embody concepts as Seong(性: natural mind), Do(道: morality), Kyung(敬: concentration), In(仁: humanity), Choong(中: moderation), Tong(通 : interchange), which are just like oriental thought's core concept, as modern leadership. As a result of that, leadership of calming people(安民), which makes organization's members and customers happy, is ‘Wise Man Leadership’. ‘Wise Man Leadership Course’ is developed in wisdom-management institute, and it produces total 291 recipients, including 196 recipients of regular course (more than 24hours) in Samsung Electronics etc. and 96 recipients of shortened course(7~8 hours) in CEO course of small and medium enterprises in Gyeonggi region. Shon Kiwon developed and ran this program, and Hyung Nam Moon participated in this program and measured outcome as an educates. We applied feedback program, which is designed solitarily, to measure outcome of ‘Wise Man Leadership Course’. We measure outcome of the course by self-estimating with same 24 questions at the beginning of the course and at the end of the course. As a result of that, it shows the result that average of 69.6 (of 100 point) at the beginning of the course has become as average 81.3(of 100 point) at the end of the course and it means rise of 14.1 point which is 16.9%. Now we should develop Korean style leadership program through scientific analysis and valuation of developed course, training of professional manpower just like course development experts and masters(FT), globalization of Korean style leadership program and applying regular school curiculum. It is expected as an opportunity which will overcome limit of western management paradigm and pioneer new area of 'development of human resources'.

An Experimental Study on Interrelation of Influential Parameters on Unbonded Tendon Stress

Moon, Jeong-Ho,Lim, Jae-Hyung Korea Concrete Institute 2006 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.18 No.e2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between unbonded tendon stress and its influential parameters, i.e. bonded reinforcement ratio, span/depth ratio, and loading type. To this end, the influence of such parameters was examined with twenty eight test results of previous studies. Afterwards, an experimental study was carried out with twenty one test specimens. The investigation of previous and current experiments revealed the followings; (1) The bonded reinforcement ratio and prestressing ratio were proved to be important variables on the unbonded tendon stress. (2) The ratio of span to depth and the type of loading affected the unbonded tendon stress partially although their effects varied with bonded reinforcement ratio. (3) AASHTO LRFD Code and Moon/Lim's design equations predicted the experimental results well with the safety margin.

Effects of Stressed and Unstressed Reinforcements on Prestressed Concrete Members with Unbonded Tendons

Moon, Jeong-Ho,Shin, Kyung-Jae,Lim, Jae-Hyung,Lee, Sun-Hwa Korea Concrete Institute 2000 KCI concrete journal Vol.12 No.1

The research purpose of this paper is to investigate the influential Parameters on the unbonded tendon stress. The parameters were the reinforcing ratio, the prestressing ratio, and the loading type. To this end. first, the influence of parameters were examined with twenty eight test results obtained from references. Then, an experimental study was carried out with nine specimens. Test variables were the reinforcing ratio and the prestressing ratio. Specimens were divided equally into three groups and each group had a different level of the reinforcing ratio. Each specimen within a group has a different level of the prestressing ratio. The investigation with previous and current tests revealed the followings; (1) the length of crack distribution zone does not have a close relation with the length of plastic hinge. (2) the prestressing ratio does not affect both the length of crack distribution and the length of plastic hinge, (3) the tendon stress variation is in reverse relation with the ratios of mild steels and tendons, (4) the loading type nay not affect significantly the length of crack distribution zone, (5) AASHTO LRFD Code equation and Moon/Lim's design equation predicted the test results well with some safety margins.

The prediction of the tooth size in the mixed dentition for Korean

Moon, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Oh,Yu, Hyung-Seong,Choi, Byung-Jai,Choi, Hyung-Jun,Lee, Jae-Ho 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

이번 연구의 목적은 혼합치열기 아동에서 미맹출된 견치와 소구치의 크기를 예측하는데 있어서 한국인에 맞는 방정식을 만들기 위함이다. 미맹출 치아의 크기를 예측하는 것은 혼합치열기 교정 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 미맹출된 견치와 소구치 크기를 예측하는 방법은 몇가지가 있지만 그중에서도 가장 흔하게 쓰이는 것이 모이어의 예측표와 다나카와 존스턴의 방정식이 있다. 하지만 그것들은 백인을 위해서 제작된 것이고 치아 크기는 인종에 따라서 다르다고 알려져 있다. 이번 연구에서는 치아크기를 측정하여 하악 영구 절치의 크기 합과 견치 및 소구치의 크기 합 사이의 상관관계를 구하고 회귀방정식을 이용해서 한국인에 맞는 예측표를 만들었다. 연세대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 178명의 한국 학생(남 108명, 여 70명, 평균연령 21.63)을 대상으로 실험하였다. 영구치의 근원심 폭경을 석고모형상에서 calipers를 이용해서 측정하였다. 성별간의 치아 크기는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). Correlation coefficient는 0.57에서 0.64의 범위였고, standard errors of the estimates 는 여성에서 0.6으로써 남성보다 우수하였다. r^(2)값은 0.27에서 0.41의 범위를 나타내었다. Estimating the size of unerupted teeth is an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition. Several methods were introduced and used for the prediction. The most common methods among these would be Moyers probability chart and Tanaka and Johnston equations. These are currently used widely, but they were developed for Caucasians. Because there are clear racial differences in teeth size, the objectives of this study were to produce correlation coefficients between the combined mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors and those of the canines and premolars for each quadrant, and prediction tables with regression equations, specifically for Korean. 178 young adults (70 women, 108 men, mean age 21.63 years) were selected from the College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured with calipers. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in tooth sizes. The correlation coefficients between the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent incisors and those of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were found to be between 0.52 and 0.64. The standard error of the estimatation was better (0.60) for women and the r^(2) values ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for both sexes, Prediction tables were prepared for Korean. This study showed larger canine and premolar diameters than Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyers' studies which might be due to the racial differences. Further investigations with a larger sample size will be needed for more representative data on the Korean population.

The Potential ‘O-GlcNAc-P’om’

Il Soo Moon(문일수),HyunSook Lee(이현숙),Hyung Jong Lee(이형종) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

O-GlcNAc 화(O-GlcNAcylation)는 단백질의 serine이나 threonine에 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 분자가 결합하는 것으로, 기존의 당단백질과 달리 세포질 및 핵단백질 모두에 일어난다. 또한 수정의 속도가 빠르고 가역적으로 일어남이 인산화 수식과 유사하다. 그러나 수많은 인산화효소와 탈인산화효소가 관여하는 것과 달리 O-GlcNAc 수식은 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)와 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 단 두 개의 효소에 의하여 이루어진다. 이러한 단순한 조절기전은 세포가 내외환경에 즉시 적응할 수 있도록 진화한 것으로 해석된다. 즉, O-GlcNAc 수식은 특정한 단백질 하나 하나의 활성을 켜거나 끄는 것이 아니라, 세포의 신호전달과정의 효율을 전반적으로 조절하는 ‘가변저항기(rheostat)’ 역할을 한다. O-GlcNAc 수식은 흔히 같은 아미노산 혹은 그 주변의 아미노산이 인산화되는 것을 수반하는데, 이는 인산화와 함께 서로 조화를 이루어 세포활성을 조절하는 것으로 해석된다. 최근 O-GlcNAc이 더 나아가 O-GlcNAc-P로 인산화될 가능성이 제시되고 있는 바, 본 총설에서는 이의 가능성을 이론적으로 설명하고, 실제 실험결과를 소개한다. The addition and removal of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecules on serine or threonine residues of a protein is called O-GlcNAcylation. This post-translational modification occurs on both cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, and is fast and reversible as comparable to phosphorylation. In contrast to the phospho-signaling cycles, this emerging moon-lightening signaling is cycled by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). The simple machinery is a good evolutionary adaptation of a cell for quick accommodation to continuously fluctuating intra- and extracellular microenvironments. Rather than “switching” on or off a specific proteins ? this would be done by phosphorylation where numerous specific kinases and phosphatases are involved - O-GlcNAcylation would play a “rheostat” which would be much more delicately increase or decrease the efficacy of signal transductions in response to cellular nutrient and stress conditions. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that O-GlcNAc is further modified by phosphorylation. The O-GlcNAc-P will upgrade the modulation efficiency of cellular processes to continuous ‘analogue’ level. So far, only one protein AP180 was reported to have O-GlcNAc-P on Thr310. But, proteomic data from our laboratory indicate that there are multiple O-GlcNAc-P proteins, constituting “O-GlcNAc-P’om”. This will focus on the possibility of existence of “O-GlcNAc-P’om”.

Moon, Yoon-Hee

문윤희,권영창,정인철,이형걸 慶星大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

Frozen beef loin imported from Australia was stored as 2℃ after thawing, then evaluate to improvement of raw meat aroma and palatability of cooked meat by sensory evaluation. To improvement of raw meat aroma and palatability of cooked meat of thawed beef were confirmed for the reason of conditioning after thaw as a result of myofibrillar fragmentation index(MFI) and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril. Sensory evaluation of raw meat aroma and tenderness on frozen imported beef loin stored at 2℃ after thawing had good in all during cold storage, MFI and Mg-ATPase activity increased, therefore frozen beef loin could recognized to conditioning during stored at 2℃ after thawing. Cold storage after thawing of frozen imported beef loin can improve its cooked aroma and tenderness in case that insufficient conditioning is the reason for its low palatability, and the improvement of palatability on the cooked meat appeared to be greater in aroma than taste. In case of amino acid composition, aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid and alanine of imported beef loin stored 7 days after thawing were showed significantly(p<0.05) higher than that stored 0 day after thawing, total amino acid composition of imported beef loin stored 0,3 and 7 days after thawing were 148.40, 171. 06 and 188.99mg/g, respectively.

筋電圖의 臨床的 應用

文亨南,鄭仁熙 대한의학협회 1972 대한의학협회지 Vol.15 No.6

백서 전경골근의 근섬유 유형별 크기에 관한 연구

문형배,김상수,이현 圓光大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

골격근의 부위에 따른 근섬유 유형별 크기를 관찰할 목적으로 백서 전경골근을 이용하여 SDH염색을 시행, 각 부위에 따른 근섬유 유형별 구성비, 근섬유 유형별 크기 및 근섬유 유형별로 차지하는 면적을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.전체적으로는 type ⅡB fiber가 가장 많았으나, 표층부에서는 type Ⅰfiber, 중앙부에서는 type ⅡA fiber, 그리고 심층부 및 후면부에서는 typeⅡB fiber의 구성비가 다른 장소에 비하여 상대적으로 높았다. 2.근섬유의 크기는 type ⅡA fiber, type Ⅰfiber, type ⅡB fiber크기의 순이었으며, 이를 부위별로 살펴보면 type ⅡA fiber는 중앙부에서 다른 장소에 비하여 상대적으로 컸으며, type ⅡB fiber는 표층부에서 다른 장소에 비하여 상대적으로 크기가 작았다. 3.근섬유 유형별로 차지하는 면적 점유율은 모든 장소에서 type ⅡB fiber가 가장 높았으며, type ⅡA fiber는 표충부 및 중앙부에서, type Ⅰfiber는 중앙부에서 그리고 type ⅡB fiber는 심층부, 전면부 및 후면부에서 다른 장소에 비하여 상대적으로 면적 점유율이 높았다. The experiment was desinged to evaluate the differences in distribution of the fiber types, size of the fiber types and occupying area of fiber according to the anatomical regions in the adult rat. Succinate dehydrogenase stain was performed in the transverse sections of the tibialis anterior muscle. The results were as follws: 1.type ⅡB fibers were predominant in the all regions of tibialis anterior muscle. Dominant fibers were type Ⅰfiber in the superficial, type ⅡA fiber in the medial, and type ⅡB fiber in the deep and posterior regions as compared with the proportion of the same muscle fiber types in the other regions. 2.In the size of fiber types, type ⅡB fibers were the largest and type ⅡA fibers were the smallest in overall. type ⅡA fibers were larger in the medial and type ⅡB fibers were smaller in the superficial regions as compared with the size of the same muscle fiber types in other regions. 3.By the occupying area, type ⅡB fibers were the largest one in the overall regions of the tibials anterior muscle. type ⅡB fibers were abundant in the superficial and medial regions, type Ⅰfibers were in the medial region, and type ⅡB fibers were abundant in the superficial, anterior, an posterior regions as compared with the occupying area of the same muscle fiber types in the other regions.

Plastic 포매 조직표본 제작에서 Microwave를 이용한 조직고정에 관한 연구

문형배,정성오,문영회 圓光大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

Microwave를 이용하여 고정한 조직을 plastic 포매하여, 얻은 절편으로 조직화학 염색인 Hematoxylin-Eosin(H-E), periodic acid-Shiff(PAS), reticulum, Masson's trichrome(M·T)염색을 하고 통상적으로 이용되는 포르말린 고정법을 통한 조직표본에서 동일한 염색을 하여 세포의 형태학적 관찰과 염색성을 비교하고자 본 연구를 시도하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.Microwave조사 시간이 짧고 최종온도가 낮을 수록 조직의 형태학적 소견은 전반적인 세포구조가 파괴되어 불량하고 염생성도 약하였다. 2.Microwave를 이용한 고정에서 최적온도는 장기에 따라 서로 다르며 간장조직은 조사시간 136초, 최종온도59±2℃신장조직은 조사시간 175초, 최종온도 69±2℃에서 세포의 구조가 가장 잘 보존되었고 염색성도 양호하였다. 3.장기별 최적조건에서 PAS, reticulum, Masson's trichrome염색시 결과는 일반적인 포르말린 고정을 한 조직에서 나타난 결과와 일치하였다. 이상의 결과로서 microwave를 이용한 고정방법은 장기별 최적조건이 서로 다르고 고정시간이 짧다는 장점과 다양한 조직화학적 염색에 있어서도 양호한 염색성을 보였으며 전반적으로 형태학적 구조가 잘 보존되었다. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of rapid heat fixation on specimens using microwave irradiation. Small portions of the liver and the kidney specimen were fixed by microwave irradiation and subsequently processed by plastic embedding for light microscopical study. The control specimens were fixed by 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed by same method as the experimental ones. Both were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, reticulum and Masson's trichrome. The results were as follows: 1.The tissue structures were destroyed and staining property of cells was poor by microwave irradiation at low temperature. 2.The optimal condition of fixation was different in each tissues. For the liver it was 136 seconds microwave irradiation at 59±2℃, for the kidney it was 175 seconds microwave irradiation at 69±2℃. 3. When the specimens were fixed on optimal condition by microwave irradiation, the quality of fixation was as good as that of formalin fixation. Above results suggest that the fixation time can be shortened by microwave fixation.