크롬 6가 투여 후 A549 세포에서의 Reactive Oxygen Species와 크롬 5가의 발생

박형숙 한국환경독성학회 1996 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The production of reactive oxygen species on addition of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O_(7) to lung cells in culture was studied using flow cytometer analysis. A Coulter Epics Profile flow cytometer was used to detect the formation of reactive oxygen species after K₂Cr₂O_(7) was added to A549 cells grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, after which cellular esterases removed the acetate groups and the dye was trapped intracellularly. Reactive oxygen species oxidized the dye, with resultant fluorescence, Increased doses of Cr(Ⅵ) caused increasing fluorescence (10-fold higher than back-ground at 200 μM). Addition of Cr(Ⅲ) compounds, as the picolinate or chloride, caused no increased fluorescence. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies indicated that three (as yet unidentified) spectral "signals" of the free radical type were formed on addition of 20, 50, 100 and 200 pM Cr(VI) to the A549 cells in suspension. Two other EPR "signals" with the characteristics of Cr(Ⅴ) entities were seen at field values lower than the standard free radical value.

흡연습관이 운동습관이 혈중 총 콜레스테롤에 미치는 영향

조효숙,남형천,정동혁 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction for antismoking campaign, the appropriate training habits and control by investigating the effect of smoking habits and training habits to serum total cholesterol(STC). This investigation applied, to 520 healthy men, out-Patients at K hospital comprehensive health center in Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul with questionnaires, based on interview and self-report related to smoking habits and training habits. In this study the means and standard deviations for all items were calculated based on the data. The data verified through Independent Group t-test and Independent Group one way ANOVA with SPSS for Window Release 7.5. The significant level for verification of hypothesis was 5%. The result of this study are as follows: 1. The difference in level of STC in smoking group and non-smoking group. The smoking group contained higher level of STC by 23.31mg/dl, which was significantly different in statistics(p<.05). 2. The difference in level of STC in training group and non-training group. The training group contained higher level of STC by 27.72mg/dl, which was significantly different in statistics(p<.05). 3. The difference in level of STC in I group(non-smoking with training), II group(non-smoking with non-training), Ⅲgroup(smoking with training), IV group(smoking with non-training). The level of STC was lowest in I group and highest in Ⅳgroup, which was significantly different in statistics(p<.05). 4. The difference in level of STC in smoking with training group and smoking with non-training group by the amount of smoking per day and the duration of smoking. Regardless of the duration of smoking, the smoking with non-training group contained higher level of serum total cholesterol, which was significantly different in statistics(p<.05). In conclusion, training have an effect on the level of smoker's STC and smoking with non-training is a chief risk factor for disease related to STC. Considering the relation between smoking and training, smoking with training approved to be effective in decreasing the level of STC. Even for smokers with regular training or regular training or reducing the amount of smoking with regular training will be effective in preventing disease related to STC.

니켈의 독성과 발암성

박형숙,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Human exposure to highly nickel-polluted environments, such as those associated with nickel refining, electroplating, and welding, has the potential to produce a variety of pathologic effects. Among them are skin allergies, lung fibrosis, and cancer of the respiratory tract. The exact mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis are not known and have been the subject of numerous epidemiologic and experimental investigations. This review provides the evidence of the current state for the genotoxic and mutagenic activity of Ni(Ⅱ) particularly at high doses. Such doses are best delivered into the cells by phagocytosis of sparingly soluble nicikelcontaining dust particles. Ni(Ⅱ) genotoxicity may be aggravated through the generation of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species(ROS) and the inhibition of DNA repair by this metal. The epigenetic effects of nickel includes alteration in gene expression resulting from DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation, as well as activation some signaling pathways and subsequent transcrziption factors.

산화성 크롬의 배양세포에서의 독성작용

박형숙 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The ROS-producing potency of chromium compounds of several oxidation states were determined in the H₄ cells. K₂Cr₂O_(7) as Cr (Ⅵ), synthetic Cr (Ⅴ) compounds and Cr (Ⅲ) as TPF' produced high level of ROS. However, ROS values of Cr-picolinate as Cr (Ⅲ), CrCI₂, CrCl₃ were almost equal to the control. The effects of physiological antioxidants compounds which react with free radicals were examined for their effects on chromate-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 cells after the addition of K₂Cr₂O_(7). The compounds used were vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (a-tocopherol), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The preincubation of ascorbate (200 uM) with A549 cells for 20 hr resulted in a significant reduction of hexavalent chromate(I00uM) induced ROS. However, there is no effects of preincubation of the cells with vitamin E succinate (10 and 20 uM, 20 hr) on the ROS production. Also, the effects of Cr (Ⅵ) on the cell cycle of A549 cells was measured by adding the DNA intercalating agent, propidium iodide. S phase of the cell cycle was increased by the chromium (Ⅵ) compounds up to 20 uM indicating toxicity or possible mitogenic action of the cell. The shoulder in Go/GI phase at 20 uM Cr (Ⅵ) with 24 hr treatment indicates apoptosis.

Styrene 및 Styrene-oxide가 송사리 알의 초기발생 과정에 미치는 독성 : Oryzias latipes

박형숙,안혜원 한국환경독성학회 2000 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Toxic lesions of styrene in the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were compared with those of styrene oxide, the active metabolite of styrene, using embryo-larval assays. The developmental stages of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with both chemicals were not altered and progressed normally. However, styrene oxide was more toxic than styrene in terms of causing death and lesions. High concentrations of styrene (higher than 4.9 ppm) and styrene oxide (higher than 2.4 ppm), resulting in more than 50% mortality, caused similar lesions of cardiovascular system, craniofacial bone formation and spinal deformities, although a number of lesions were not observed by both chemicals. In the group treated with styrene, eyeball sizes and intereye distances were reduced, while, in the group treated with styrene oxide, the eyes and eye cups were not developed and two eyes were sometimes fused. In addition, styrene oxide caused the lesion which involved the posterior brain and brain stem were herniated through the spinal cord. The noticeable difference of toxic symptoms between these two chemicals was the time of onset. Toxicities of cardiovascular system and craniofacial bone formation appeared on day 3 of development in styrene oxide treated group, but, styrene treated group stared to show hemorrhages on day 3 and the craniofacial malformation were appeared on day 5. These differences between two chemicals may be due to the metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide, the reactive intermediate.

6가 크롬의 환원과 발암

박형숙 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Cr(Ⅵ)-containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium-induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, particularly Cr(Ⅴ) and Cr(Ⅳ), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)-induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (Ⅰ) the reuction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell orgenells, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical-induced cellular damage, such as DNA stand breaks, hydroxylation of 2´-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor κB.

3차원 CT 영상을 이용한 두개악안면 분석을 위한 계측점의 제안

장혜숙,백형선 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.5

3차원 CT체서는 환자의 움직임에 의한 오차와 상의 확대나 왜곡을 감소시킨 실측치를 얻을 수 있으며 두개안면부의 입체적인 영상을 구성할 수 있고 원하는 조직이나 구조물의 관찰이 용이하다. 디지털 영상 기술이 빠르게 발전하고 있고 치료의 범위가 더욱 넓어지면서 두개악안면 구조의 3차원적인 분석법의 개발은 시급한 과제가 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Vworks 프로그램™(Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea)을 이용하여 정상인과 비대칭 환자의 3차원 CT영상에서 지정이 용이하고 반복재현성이 높은 계측점을 설정하고자 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 건조두개골의 실측치와 Vworks 프로그램을 이용하여 구성한 3차원 CT영상에서의 계측치를 비교한 결과 평균오차가 0.99mm, 확대율이 1.04%로 나타났다. 2. 3차원 CT영상에서 경조직 계측점으로 Supraorbitale, Lateral orbital margin, Infraorbitale, Nasion, ANS, A point, Zygomaticomaxilla, Upper incisor, Lower incisor, B point, Pogonion, Menton, PNS, Condylar inner margin, Condylar outer margin, Porion, Condylion, Gonion2, Gonion3, Sigmoid notch,Basion 등이 임상적으로 유용하다고 판단되었다. 3. 3차원 CT영상에서 연조직 계측점으로 Endocanthion, Exocanthio, Soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Alsre lateralis, Upper nostril point, Lower nostril point, Subnasale, Upper lip point, Cheilionm Stomion, Lower lip center, Soft tissue B, Pogonion Menton, Preaurale 등이 임상적으로 유용하다고 판단되었다. Vworks 프로그램으로 3차원 CT영상을 구성하고 계측하는 것이 임상적으로 유용하다고 판단되었다. 또한 위에서 제안된 연조직 및 경조직 계측점들은 3차원 CT영상에서 반복 재현성을 높고 지정이 용이하며 해부학적 특징을 나타내주는 점들로 두개악안면 구조의 3차원적인 진단과 술전, 술후의 예측과 비교에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료되는 바이다. Three-dimensional CT imaging is efficient in examining specific structures in the craniofacial area by reproducing actual measurements through minimization of errors from patient movement and image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range a need for developing three dimensional analysis has become urgent. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of error and magnification of three-dimensional CT using a dried skull and Vworks program™ (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea) and also to obtain landmarks that are easy to designate and reproduce in three-dimensional images using the Vmorph-proto program™ (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The following conclusions were obtained ; 1. In the comparison of actual measurements from the dried skull and the three-dimensional image obtained from the Vworks program, the mean error was 0.99mm and magnification was 1.04%. 2. Clinically useful hard tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Supraorbitale, Lateral orbital margin, Infraorbitale, Nasion, ANS, A point, Zygomaticomaxilla, Upper incisor, Lower incisor, B point, pogonion, Menton, PNS, Condylar inner margin, Condylar outer margin, Porion, Condylion, Gonionl, Gonion2, Gonion3, Sigmoid notch and Basion. 3. Clinically useful soft tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Endocanthion, Exocanthion, Soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Alare lateralis, Upper nostril point, Lower nostril point, Subnasale, Upper lip point, Cheilion Stomion, Lower lip center, Soft tissue B, Pogonion Menton and Preaurale. The Vworks program can be considered a clinically efficient tool to produce and measure three-dimensional images. Most of the hard and soft tissue landmarks proposed above are anatomically important points which are also easily reproducible and designated. These landmarks can be beneficial in three-dimensional diagnosis and the prediction of changes before and after surgery.

중학생의 외상응급처치 교육에 대한 효과

고경숙,박형숙,조균영 韓國學校保健學會 2009 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the effect of knowledge and competence of first aid treatment among middle school students after the education on the injury treatment. Methods : The study design was randomized pretest and post-test control group nonsynchronized design. Study subjects were 32 Srd-grade students of Y middle school in P city and 34 Srd-grade students of M middle school in P city in this research. Among two Srd-grade classes. one classes were randomly assigned to experimental group (32 students) and two were control group (34 students). The intervention for experimental group was providing five-time 45-minute injury treatment education. Results : 1. The First hypothesis : After intervention on the injury treatment education, knowledge of injury treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.480, p<.001). 2. The Second hypothesis After intervention on the injury treatment education, competence of injury treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t= -15.121, p<.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that the injury treatment education can facilitate knowledge of injury treatment, competence of injury treatment in the middle school student. Therefore, it is considered that the injury treatment education can be utilized as a effective way to implement the 7th nation curriculum.

어패럴 CAD System의 활용화 방안 연구(Ⅰ) : Hip Block 의 개발

남윤자,이형숙,조영아 한국의류학회 1993 한국의류학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The Purpose of this study was to develop pattern drafting methods of the hip block and sleeve for female college students of 18 to 26 year-old. The study procedures and results were as follows 1. 313 female college students were measured, 17items were analyzed statisitcally. 2. New hip block and sleeve sloper were developed based on the result of the data analysis and fitting tests. 3. The sensory test was applied to evaluate the new hip block and sleeve sloper for female college student by comparing it with Japanese Bunka method sloper. According to statistical analysis of the result of 40items on the questionnaire, all the items showed significant difference(a∠=0.01) between the two, with the new pattern having higher scores. The new drafting method proved to be better fitted at all 40items, and to be comfortable.

어패럴 CAD System의 활용화 방안 연구(Ⅱ) : 테일러드 쟈켓 설계 과정을 중심으로

남윤자,이형숙,조영아 한국의류학회 1994 한국의류학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to utilize of CAD System in pattern making process for women's apparel. The automation by the use of CAD System provides the higher accuracy and efficiency in pattern making process. AccuMark 300 System was used, for this study. The results from this study were as follows 1. New size spec chart and grading pitch chart were developed based on the data analysis and fitting tests for female college students. 2. New jacket block was developed based on the torso length sloper. 3. Automatic grading of jacket block have been developed by creation and modification of grading rules of block pattern. 4. Pattern Design Systyem(P/D/S) were enabled to be constructed directly form a block pattern by modifications to existing styled pattern. 5. Original master pattern was generated by P/D/S menu option. 6. Production pattern added seam allowance, notchs was generated by P/D/S menu option. 7. Interative maker making process have enabled to save a wide range of time and space. 8. Measurement of garment by P/D/S measuring tools is to utilize in garment costing, quality control.