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Hyo-Suk Gwon,Gun-Yeob Kim,Sun-Il Lee,Jong-Sik Lee,Eun-Jung Choi 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.4
Intermittent drainage can reduce methane (CH₄) emission from rice paddy soils, but nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission can increase. We believe that the slow released N fertilizer can mitigate N₂O emissions by reducing N lost to the environment. In this study, we tried to assess the influence of slow N fertilizer on effective greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. We installed three different treatments, urea (U) treatment, controlled release fertilizer (CRF) treatment, and hairy vetch with urea (HV) treatment. The emission rates of CH₄ and N₂O were monitored using the closed chamber method during cropping and fallow season. The grain yield was investigated to calculate yield scaled greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). Compared with U treatment, CH₄ emission was reduced in CRF but increased in HV treatment. In contrast, N₂O emission was increased in CRF but reduced in HV treatment. Grain yield was increased in CRF and HV treatment than U treatment. The GHGI was the lowest in CRF treatment by high grain yield and low GHG emission. In contrast, GHGI was the highest in HV treatment due to increased CH₄ emission. In conclusion, controlled release fertilizer can effectively reduce GHG emission. However, CRF application increased N₂O emissions during the fallow season, and further investigation is needed to determine whether this is due to the effect of fertilizer residues. In addition, due to field experiments that are easy to influenced by the environmental condition, it seems necessary to verify the research results through additional investigations over many years.
Gwon, Hyo Suk,Khan, Muhammad Israr,Alam, Muhammad Ashraful,Das, Suvendu,Kim, Pil Joo Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.353 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Over the past decades, with increasing steel manufacturing, the huge amount of by-products (slags) generated need to be reused in an efficient way not only to reduce landfill slag sites but also for sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. Our preliminary laboratory study revealed that compared to blast furnace slag, electric arc furnace slag and ladle furnace slag, the Linz-Donawitz converter (LD) slag markedly decreased CH<SUB>4</SUB> production rate and increased microbial activity. In the greenhouse experiment, the LD slag amendment (2.0 Mg ha<SUP>−1</SUP>) significantly (<I>p</I> < 0.05) increased grain yield by 10.3–15.2%, reduced CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions by 17.8–24.0%, and decreased inorganic As concentrations in grain by 18.3–19.6%, compared to the unamended control. The increase in yield is attributed to the increased photosynthetic rates and increased availability of nutrients to the rice plant. Whereas, the decrease in CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions could be due to the higher Fe availability in the slag amended soil, which acted as an alternate electron acceptor, thereby, suppressed CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions. The more Fe-plaque formation which could adsorb more As and the competitive inhibition of As uptake with higher availability of Si could be the reason for the decrease in As uptake by rice cultivated with LD slag amendment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Compared to other steel slags, LD-slag suppressed CH<SUB>4</SUB> production in a paddy soil. </LI> <LI> LD-slag amendment mitigated CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions by 17.8–24.0% in submerged paddies. </LI> <LI> LD-slag amendment decreased inorganic As concentrations in rice grain by 18.3–19.6%. </LI> <LI> LD-slag amendment increased grain yield by 10.3–15.2%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
권효숙 ( Hyo Suk Gwon ),김희권 ( Hee Kwon Kim ),박준홍 ( Jun Hong Park ),정현철 ( Hyun Cheol Jeong ),주옥정 ( Ok Jung Ju ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-
Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases and may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Flooded rice fields are a significant source of atmospheric CH4. The emission is the net result of opposing bacterial processes, production in anaerobic microenvironments, and consumption and oxidation in aerobic microenvironments, both of which can be found side by side in flooded rice soils. There are two methodological tiers in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Guidelines). Measurement of methane emission using a Tier 2 approach is accurate in that the data reflects conditions specific to the agronomic practices, soil properties, and climate of site-specific studies within a country. The accuracy and precision of Tier 2 methane emission estimates increase with both the number of sites tested and the frequency and number of measurements at each site. A standard measurement technique is recommended in the IPCC Guidelines. Total CH4 emission level in national scale could be estimated by multiplying emission factor (EFs) and activities, and emission factor (EF) could be calculated by Baseline emission factor (EFc) x Scaling Factors (SFs). Other data such as area studies, soil maps, and climate information are necessary to the success of the reported data. Crop yield and other grain production data are also important in assessing the quality and accuracy of methane emission levels. In order to develop our own CH4 emission factor, mean EFc was estimated by using the field CH4 emission data, which were investigated from 5 typical rice paddy fields (Jinju, Daegu, Gwangju, Hwasung and Suwon) for 3 years (2010-2012). Our mean EFc was 2.21 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 with error range ±0.330 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, which was higher IPCC default CH4 baseline emission factor 1.30 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 with error range 0.80-2.20 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 assessing no flooding for less than 180 days prior to rice cultivation, and continuously flooded during rice cultivation without organic matter. To enhance data accuracy, the relationship between CH4 emission rates and other related properties such as soil, metrological and crop characteristics was analyzed. Our CH4 emission rates have significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter content, air and soil temperatures, and rice biomass productivity. Conclusively, CH4 baseline emission factor (EFc) of Korean paddy soil assumed with around 2.21 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, and this EFc value could be used as the baseline emission factor for developing national CH4 inventory and calculating national CH4 emission factor from rice paddy soil.