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Mok, Hyejung,Jeong, Hyunkyung,Kim, Sun-Jung,Chung, Bong Hyun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.69
<P>Indocyanine green (ICG) encapsulated hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogels were first studied for highly selective detection of specific cancers and lymph nodes <I>via</I> hyaluronidase sensitive switch-on of near infrared fluorescence as a long-lasting and stimuli-responsive imaging probe.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Indocyanine green (ICG) encapsulated hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogels were first studied for highly selective detection of specific cancers and lymph nodes <I>via</I> hyaluronidase sensitive switch-on of near infrared fluorescence as a long-lasting and stimuli-responsive imaging probe. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc33555g'> </P>
Multimeric small interfering ribonucleic acid for highly efficient sequence-specific gene silencing
Mok, Hyejung,Lee, Soo Hyeon,Park, Ji Won,Park, Tae Gwan Nature Publishing Group 2010 Nature materials Vol.9 No.3
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) with 19–21 base pairs has been recently recognized as a new therapeutic agent for effectively silencing a specific gene on a post-transcription level. For siRNA therapeutics, safe and efficient delivery issues are significant hurdles to clinical applications. Here we present a new class of biologically active siRNA structure based on chemically self-crosslinked and multimerized siRNA through cleavable disulphide linkages. The multimerized siRNA can produce more stable and compact polyelectrolyte complexes with less cytotoxic cationic carriers than naked siRNA because of substantially increased charge densities and the presence of flexible chemical linkers in the backbone. The cleavable and multimerized siRNA shows greatly enhanced gene-silencing efficiencies in vitro and in vivo through a target-messenger-RNA-specific RNA interference processing without significantly eliciting immune induction. This study demonstrates that the multimerized siRNA structure complexed with selected cationic condensing agents can serve as potential gene-silencing therapeutics for treating various diseases.
Functional Polymers for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Drugs
Mok, Hyejung,Park, Tae Gwan WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular bioscience Vol.9 No.8
<P>Cationic polymers have been chemically modified with a variety of targeting molecules such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, sugars and vitamins for targeted delivery of nucleic acid drugs to specific cells. Stimuli-sensitive polymers exhibiting different size, charge and conformation in response to physiological signals from specific cells have also been utilized for targeted delivery. To achieve target-specific delivery of nucleic acids, conjugation chemistry is critical to produce stable nanosized polyplexes tethered with cell-recognizable ligands for facile cellular uptake via a receptor-mediated endocytic pathway. In this review, synthetic strategies of functional cationic polymers with various targeting ligands are presented.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200900044-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200900044-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>To achieve target-specific gene therapy, nucleic acid drugs including small interfering RNAs should be complexed with multi-functional cationic polymers conjugated with targeting ligands for receptor-mediated endocytic cellular uptake. A variety of cationic polymers can be molecularly tailored to form nanosized polyplexes with cell-specific ligands to enhance cellular uptake with promoting gene transfection efficiency. <img src='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200900044-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200900044-content'> </P>
Minsu Kim,Hyejung Mok,Woon-Seok Yeo,Joong-Hoon Ahn,Yoon Kyung Choi 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.5
Ginseng has long been considered as an herbal medicine. Recent data suggest that ginseng has anti-inflammatory properties and can improve learning- and memory-related function in the central nervous system (CNS) following the development of CNS neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia, and other neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of ginseng in the neurovascular unit, which is composed of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, neural stem cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, especially their blood-brain barrier maintenance, anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative functions. In addition, cell-cell communication enhanced by ginseng may be attributed to regeneration via induction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in CNS diseases. Thus, ginseng may have therapeutic potential to exert cognitive improvement in neuroinflammatory diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
CpG oligonucleotide and α-ᴅ-mannose conjugate for efficient delivery into macrophages
Jung, Heesun,Yu, Gyeonghui,Mok, Hyejung The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.5
For improved intracellular uptake of CpG ODN into macrophages, we developed CpG ODN and mannose conjugate (CpG-Man conjugate) via simple conjugation of ${\alpha}$-${\small{D}}$-mannose to CpG ODN. CpG-Man conjugate showed greatly enhanced intracellular uptake by 2.1-fold into macrophages, compared to CpG ODN in a TLR-9 receptor-specific manner. In addition, internalized CpG-Man conjugate successfully triggered TNF-${\alpha}$ release in macrophages. Taken together, the CpG-Man conjugate can serve as the promising delivery systems of CpG ODN into immune cells as a candidate adjuvant.