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RF magnetron sputtering 법으로 증착된 GZO와 ZnO 박막의 광학적 특성
황보수정,전훈하,김금채,이지수,김도현,최원봉,전민현,HwangBoe, S.J.,Jeon, H.H.,Kim, G.C.,Lee, J.S.,Kim, D.H.,Choi, W.B.,Jeon, M.H. 한국진공학회 2007 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.16 No.6
상온에서 RF magnetron sputtering 을 이용하여 10nm에서 50nm 의 두께를 가지는 ZnO와 GZO 를 유리 기판위에 증착하여 두 물질 간의 구조적 특성과 광학적 특성을 평가하였다. 구조적인 특성은 투과전자현미경 (TEM) 과 주사전자현미경 (SEM)을 통해 이루어졌다. 광학적 특성 평가는 spectrophotometer를 이용하여 UV-VIS-NIR 영역에 관한 투과도를 측정하였다. ZnO의 결정크기가 GZO보다 상대적으로 더 크게나왔으며 이는 결정 경계면에서 발생하는 광산란을 줄임으로서 투과도의 향상을 가져왔다. 투과 전 영역에서 ZnO의 투과도가 더 높게 나왔으며, 특히 50nm 박막의 경우 ZnO의 투과도가 GZO 보다 20% 이상 더 뛰어난 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ga doped zinc oxide (GZO) with different thickness in range of 10nm to 100nm are prepared on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The structural and optical properties of the thin films is evaluated. The structural properties of ZnO and GZO are investigated by Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties are also investigated by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (200$\sim$1400nm). The much larger grain size of ZnO compared to GZO decreased the light scattering at the grain boundary and improved the transmittance. The transmittance of ZnO is higher than that of GZO through all of the ranges of wavelengths. In case of over 50nm, we found that the transmittance of ZnO is 20% higher than that of GZO.
텐덤형 태양전지를 위한 InAs 다중 양자점과 InGaAs 다중 양자우물에 관한 연구
조중석,김상효,황보수정,장재호,최현광,전민현,Cho, Joong-Seok,Kim, Sang-Hyo,HwangBoe, Sue-Jeong,Janng, Jae-Ho,Choi, Hyon-Kwang,Jeon, Min-Hyon 한국진공학회 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.5
본 연구에서는 1.1 eV의 에너지대역을 흡수할 수 있는 InAs 양자점구조와 1.3 eV의 에너지 대역을 흡수 할 수 있는 InGaAs 양자우물구조를 이용한 텐덤형 태양전지의 구조를 1D poisson을 이용해 설계하고, 분자선 에피택시 장비를 이용하여 각각 5, 10, 15층씩 쌓은 양자점 및 양자우물구조를 삽입하여 p-n접합을 성장하였다. Photoluminescence (PL) 측정을 이용한 광학적특성 평가에서 양자점 5층 및 양자우물 10층을 삽입한 구조의 PL 피크가 가장 높은 상대발광강도를 나타냈으며, 각각 1.1 eV 및 1.3 eV에서 57.6 meV 및 12.37 meV의 Full Width at Half Maximum을 나타내었다. 양자점의 밀도 및 크기는 Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction system과 Atomic Force Microscope를 이용해 분석하였다. 그리고 GaAs/AlGaAs층을 이용한 터널접합에서는 I-V 측정을 통하여 GaAs층의 두께(20, 30, 50 nm)에 따른 터널링 효과를 평가하였다. GaAs 층의 두께가 30 nm 및 50 nm의 터널접합에서는 backward diode 특성을 나타낸 반면, 20 nm GaAs층의 GaAs/AlGaAs 터널접합에서는 다이오드 특성 곡선을 확인하였다. The InAs multi-quantum dots (MQDs) solar cell and InGaAs multi-quantum wells (MQWs) solar cell to cover 1.1 eV and 1.3 eV were designed by 1D poisson, respectively. The MQDs and MQWs of 5, 10, 15 layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The photo luminescence results showed that the 5 period stacked MQDs have the highest intensity at around 1.1 eV with 57.6 meV full width at half maximum (FWHM). Also we can observe 10 period stacked MQWs peak position which has highest intensity at 1.31 eV with 12.37 meV FWHM. The density and size of QDs were observed by reflection high energy electron diffraction pattern and atomic force microscope. Futhermore, AlGaAs/GaAs sandwiched tunnel junctions were modified according to the width of GaAs layer on p-type GaAs substrates. The structures with GaAs width of 30 nm and 50 nm have backward diode characteristics. In contrast, tunnel diode characteristics were observed in the 20 nm of that of sample.
RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 법으로 유리 기판 위에 성장 시킨 Ga 도핑된 ZnO 박막의 열처리에 따른 구조적, 광학적 특성 평가
이지수,김금채,전훈하,황보수정,김도현,성창모,전민현,Lee, J.S.,Kim, G.C.,Jeon, H.H.,HwangBoe, S.J.,Kim, D.H.,Seong, C.M.,Jeon, M.H. 한국진공학회 2008 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.17 No.1
본 연구에서는 상온에서 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 법으로 유리 기판위에 증착된 Ga 도핑 된 다결정 ZnO 박막의 특성을 개선하기 위하여 적정 열처리 조건을 분석하였다. 먼저 박막 성장 후 박막의 특성을 분석하였고 각각 $400{\sim}600^{\circ}C$에서 30분, 60분간 질소 분위기에서 열처리를 한 후 구조적, 광학적 특성을 평가하였다. XRD와 FE-SEM을 사용하여 열처리온도 변화에 따른 결정입자의 크기의 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 성장된 결정의 크기의 증가와 박막의 결정성이 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었으며 그로 인해 박막 특성을 중시하는 투명 전도막의 투과도의 향상 또한 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 본 실험을 통하여 ZnO 성장 후 적절한 열처리를 수행함으로서 GZO 박막을 사용하여 제작된 소자의 특성을 개선할 수 있으리라 판단된다. We have investigated the effect of annealing on the structural and optical properties of polycrystalline Ga doped ZnO (GZO) films grown on glass substrates by RF-magnetron sputter at room temperature. The structural and optical properties of as-grown GZO films were characterized and then samples were annealed at $400{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ ambient for 30, 60 minutes, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to measure the grain size and the crystalline quality of the films. We found that the crystalline quality was improved and the grain size tends to be increased. The optical properties of GZO thin films were analyzed by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometers. It is found that optical properties of thin films are increased by annealing and can be used for transparent electrode application. We believe that the appropriate post-growth heat treatment could be contributed to the improvement of GZO-based devices.
四肢의 Scar Revision에 있어 Modified Millard's Trick의 利用
金勳男,崔性玔,李斗炯,李圭源,皇甫宗演 大韓成形外科學會 1976 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.3 No.1
No matter how various methods may be tried, for scar repair of extremities, the results were not so acceptable unfortunately. Of these procedures, Millard's trick (The Double-Breasted Vest Principle) is the one of most popular methods and which has been loved by many surgeons, esp, plastic surgeons, up to date. However, even this method couldn't satisfied us, because of undesirable disadvantages, and our new repair method, entitle "Modified Millard's Trick Method" was designed with supplement of disadvantages of Millard's Tric in mind and has been used in attempt to prevent recurrence of the usual spread. This approach is advocated for scars in area where stretch-ing is usual or where a careful regular repair has failed to prevent it. If there is any depression associated with the scar, this is corrected simultaneously by advancing both skin flaps in opposite direction. We have tired this new method for 1- cases of patients, esp. for relatively wide linear scar (over 5cm) on extremities.
Tonal domains and nonfinality effects in the Samchuk dialect of Korean
Young-Shik Hwangbo 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.1
Hwangbo, Young-Shik. 2003. Tonal domains and nonfinality effects in the Samchuk dialect of Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9.1. 223-246. This paper deals with tones of the Samchuk dialect of Korean, focusing on typical tonal patterns of nouns. I claim that the underlying forms of Korean tone dialects are marked by tonal boundaries, which later define tonal domains. I argue, following Gim (1988, 1999), that in most cases the positions of tonal boundaries are predictable from Middle Korean side-dots, and thus that all modern tone dialects have the same location of tonal boundaries. In addition, I argue, following Hwangbo (2001), that the different tone realization between dialects results from different constraint ranking. I show that the interesting tonal phenomena of the Samchuk dialect can be explained in a principled manner if we have recourse to the tonal boundaries and tonal domains. More specifically, I show that 'post-accenting' and 'pre-accenting' observed in the Samchuk dialect can be explained as nonfinality effects within tonal domains. (Sungkyul University)
Effect of Cu Addition on the Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels
Hwangbo, D.,Yoo, Y.R.,Choi, S.H.,Choi, S.J.,Kim, Y.S. The Corrosion Science Society of Korea 2022 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.21 No.4
The effect of addition of Cu on the localized corrosion performance of aged duplex stainless steel in chloride media has yet to be explained in a consistent manner, and there is some controversy in the literature regarding the composition of stainless steel and the experimental conditions (pH, temperature, chloride concentration, etc.) used. In this work, the effect of the addition of Cu on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel in an acidic chloride or high concentration sulfuric acid solutions was investigated for annealed and aged alloys. The Cu addition of annealed duplex stainless steel strengthened the alloy and reduced the ferrite contents of the alloy, and it also increased the polarization behavior in chloride or sulfuric solutions, except for the case of a high potential in acidic chloride solution. However, the Cu addition of aged duplex stainless steel reduced the formation of harmful phases such as sigma and kai and increased the polarization behavior in acidic chloride or sulfuric solutions up to 0.8 wt% of the Cu content, after which it slightly decreased at 0.8 wt% Cu or more.