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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Huybrechts, Krista F (검색결과 2 건)
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Integrating the history of science into a middle school science curriculum
Huybrechts, Jeanne Marie University of California, Los Angeles 2000 해외박사(DDOD)
This study examined the effect of incorporating the history of science into a middle school physical science curriculum on student attitudes toward science and the work of scientists. While there is wide support for including some science history in middle school science lessons within both the science and science-education communities, there is little curriculum designed to meet that objective. A series of five lessons was written specifically for the study. Each lesson included a brief biography of a scientist whose work was of historical significance, and a set of directions for duplicating one or more of the experiments done by that scientist. A thirty-question, Likert scale survey of the attitudes of middle school students toward science and the work of scientists was also written for this study. The survey was administered to two groups of students in a single middle school: One group—the experimental group—subsequently used the science history curriculum; the second (control) group did not. The same attitude survey was readministered to both groups of students after study of the science-history curriculum was completed. The results of the study indicate that there was no statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of either the experimental or control group students. Further analysis was done to determine whether there were differences between the pretest and posttest scores of boys and girls, or between “regular” or “honors” students. In both cases no statistically significant difference was found.
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Adverse health outcome associated with psychotropic medication use in older nursing home patients
Huybrechts, Krista F Boston University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)
Appropriate use of psychotropic medications in older adults with disruptive behavior is an important public health concern given the aging of the population and the particular risks associated with medication use in older people. Little is known about the comparative safety of psychotropic medications in nursing home patients who constitute the most vulnerable segment of the older population. In study 1, we compared the effects of different psychotropic medication classes on a range of unintended health outcomes in older adults newly admitted to a nursing home in British Columbia (n=10,900). The risks of death and femur fracture associated with conventional antipsychotics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines were comparable to or greater than the risks associated with atypical antipsychotics. No meaningful differences were observed for the risk of pneumonia and heart failure, except with benzodiazepines, but high-dimensional propensity score findings suggest there may be residual confounding. In study 2, we quantified the variation in antipsychotic treatment choice across US nursing homes, and characterized its correlates in a cohort of 21,251 patients initiated on antipsychotic medication. After adjustment for case-mix and facility characteristics, the conventional antipsychotic prescribing rate ranged between 3% and 22%. Nursing home prescribing tendency was the strongest determinant of treatment choice, accounting for 74% of the explained variation. In study 3, we explored the potential of different analytic approaches based on propensity score and instrumental variable techniques to mitigate confounding bias when studying the effect of antipsychotic medications on mortality. Our findings suggest residual confounding had a relatively small impact on the observed association and was caused by factors other than classic clinical measures or facility characteristics. We showed that very strong risk factors of death that are imbalanced among exposure groups must be unmeasured and uncontrolled to explain fully the increased risk observed with conventional agents. This study also illustrates the implications of using weak instruments (nursing home prescribing preference). In the past, excessive prescribing of psychotropic medications in nursing homes has primarily been considered a marker of inadequate care. The current studies contribute to the growing body of evidence that their use is an important safety issue as well.
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