Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 1-Alkyl-2-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazolobenzimidazole Derivatives

Mohamed, Bahaa Gamal,Hussein, Mostafa Ahmed,Abdel-Alim, Abdel-Alim Mohamed,Hashem, Mohammed The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.1

Some new derivatives of 1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazoles were synthesized through the reaction of 1,2-diaminobenzimidazole with carbon disulfide. The resulting 1,2,4-triazolo-[2,3a]benzimidazole-2-thione intermediate was reacted with one equivalent of alkyl halides to give the corresponding 2-alkylthio derivatives, which were further alkylated through the reaction with another one equivalent of different alkyl halides to afford the target compounds; 1-alkyl-2alkylthio-1,2,4-traizolo[2,3-a]benzimidazoles. On the other hand, the 1,2-disubstituted derivatives with two identical alkyl substituents were prepared by the reaction of 1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazole-2-thione with two equivalents of the alkyl halides. The structures of the new compounds were assigned by spectral and elemental methods of analyses. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Most of the tested compounds proved comparable results with those of ampicillin and fluconazole reference drugs. The study indicated that, the antibacterial as well as the antifungal activities of the test compounds were improved with increase in the bulkiness of the introduced alkyl groups. Also, some active antibacterial compounds were tested for their antimycobacterial activity. All the test compounds showed equipotent antitubercular activity as that of INH as a reference drug.

Steel Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Cantilever Beams: Bond Behaviour in Poor Condition Zones

Wael Mohamed Montaser,Ibrahim Galal Shaaban,Joseph P. Rizzuto,Amr Hussein Zaher,Ahmed Rashad,Shorouk Mohamed El Sadany 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.3

Previous investigations carried out on reinforced self-compacted concrete (SCC) beams have reported contradictory results on reinforcement bond behaviour occurring in the zones defined for good bond conditions according to Eurocode2. Cantilevered SCC beams’ critical upper tension reinforcement bond behaviour has previously had limited reporting. In this study, the bond behaviour in normally vibrated concrete (NVC) and self-compacted concrete (SCC) in poor conditions zones are compared and the differences are highlighted. The effect of four parameters, including (i) concrete type (SCC and NVC), (ii) characteristic strength of SCC, (iii) lap splice length, and (iv) depth of concrete cover for the reinforcement is investigated. It was found that for the studied beams, increasing splice length improved the energy absorption and changed the failure mode to a more ductile manner even at the poor bond conditions zones. The maximum measured steel strains in SCC beams in the lap splice zones, were higher than those for NVC specimens. The mean bond stress values, for SCC beams with 25–50% lap splice lengths, were higher than those of NVC beams, with the same lap splice lengths, by 16–13%, respectively. The results of the current study showed that the empirical equations from the literature overestimated the bond strength of the splice lap length for cantilever upper steel in SCC beams with long splices which agrees with the state of the art as these equations were developed originally for short anchorage lengths.

Measuring the Perceived Mental Image of Practical Courses among Students using Electronic Questionnaire

Khaled Hussein Mohamed Aly International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.3

The practical courses are considered as a model for the courses taught by the student of the Department of Physical Education at different levels of study, during which he employs his mental, physical and skill abilities to understand and master the motor skills and develop his physical abilities to be able to master them and later teach and train them, so this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the perceived mental image For the practical courses of the students of the Department of Physical Education at Umm Al-Qura University, by designing a scale for the perceived mental image of the practical courses, and identifying the percentages and the extent of their prevalence for each of the positive mental image, the nonperceived mental image, and the negative mental image of the practical courses among the students of the Department of Physical Education at Umm Al-Qura University, The researcher used the descriptive approach from the survey studies by designing a measure of the perceived mental image on a sample of (175) students, and they were chosen by the intentional method from the fourth level students who studied all the practical courses in the department, whether for the first or second semester of the academic year 2021 /2022. Data using frequencies, percentages and the test of significance of the ratio, and one of the most important results was the validity of the scale used in measuring the mental image perceived by students of the Department of Physical Education about practical courses. Realizing a positive mental image that is statistically significant about the practical courses of (53.20%) of the students of the Department of Physical Education, the sample of this study. And realizing a positive mental image that is statistically significant for students about the axes of the nature of studying practical courses, their abilities in practical performance, the method of implementing lectures, the lecturer, and their evaluation methods. The mental image of the student, and taking appropriate measures to develop the practical courses and academic programs, applying similar studies to measure the mental image of the department's graduates on the specialized tracks in the Department of Physical Education, reviewing the number of hours for some practical courses so that they are not less than two hours for all practical courses.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 1-Alkyl-2-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazolobenzimidazole Derivatives

Bahaa Gamal Mohamed,Mostafa Ahmed Hussein,Abdel-Alim Mohamed Abdel-Alim,Mohammed Hashem 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.1

Some new derivatives of 1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazoles were synthesized through the reaction of 1,2-diaminobenzimidazole with carbon disulfide. The resulting 1,2,4-triazolo-[2,3- a]benzimidazole-2-thione intermediate was reacted with one equivalent of alkyl halides to give the corresponding 2-alkylthio derivatives, which were further alkylated through the reaction with another one equivalent of different alkyl halides to afford the target compounds; 1-alkyl-2- alkylthio-1,2,4-traizolo[2,3-a]benzimidazoles. On the other hand, the 1,2-disubstituted derivatives with two identical alkyl substituents were prepared by the reaction of 1,2,4-triazolo[2,3- a]benzimidazole-2-thione with two equivalents of the alkyl halides. The structures of the new compounds were assigned by spectral and elemental methods of analyses. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Most of the tested compounds proved comparable results with those of ampicillin and fluconazole reference drugs. The study indicated that, the antibacterial as well as the antifungal activities of the test compounds were improved with increase in the bulkiness of the introduced alkyl groups. Also, some active antibacterial compounds were tested for their antimycobacterial activity. All the test compounds showed equipotent antitubercular activity as that of INH as a reference drug.

Morin alleviates fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats via ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic markers

Heeba, Gehan Hussein,Rabie, Esraa Mohamed,Abuzeid, Mekky Mohamed,Bekhit, Amany Abdelrehim,Khalifa, Mohamed Montaser The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2021 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.25 No.3

Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a widespread disease that has strongly related to unhealthy diet and low physical activity, which initiate more serious conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of morin, as one of the flavonoids constituents, which widely exists in many herbs and fruits, against some metabolic and hepatic manifestations observed in MBS rats and the feasible related mechanisms. MBS was induced in rats by high fructose diet feeding for 12 weeks. Morin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally to both normal and MBS rats for 4 weeks. Liver tissues were used for determination of liver index, hepatic expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as both inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The fat/muscle ratio, metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. Our data confirmed that the administration of morin in fructose diet rats significantly reduced the elevated systolic blood pressure. The altered levels of metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers were also reversed approximately to the normal values. In addition, morin treatment decreased liver index, serum liver enzyme activities, and fat/muscle ratio. Furthermore, morin relatively up-regulated GLUT2 expression, however, down-regulated NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β expressions in the hepatic tissues. Here, we revealed that morin has an exquisite effect against metabolic disorders in the experimental model through, at least in part, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms.

Ethnobotanical importance of the endemic taxa in the Egyptian flora

El-Khalafy Mohamed Mahmoud,Ahmed Dalia Abd El-Azeem,Shaltout Kamal Hussein,Haroun Soliman Abdelfattah,Al-Sodany Yassin Mohamed 한국생태학회 2023 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.47 No.3

Background: Endemic species are important components in the flora of most world regions. Most of these species have become threatened and exposed to extinction within the last few years. The present study aims to evaluate the ecosystem services offered by the endemic plant taxa in Egypt and the threats that affect them. Twenty-five field visits were conducted during summer 2018 to spring 2022 to several locations all over Egypt. In each location, the main habitats, national distribution, abundance, goods and threats were recorded. Results: Egypt has 41 endemic taxa belonging to 36 genera and 20 families inhabiting 10 main habitats. Rocky surfaces and sandy formations have the highest number of endemic species. The relation between the number of endemic taxa and the abundance categories indicated that 2 taxa are rare (4.9% of the total taxa), while the remaining were very rare (95%). The most represented offered good was the medicinal uses (32 taxa = 78%), while fuel plants were only represented by 2 taxa (2 taxa = 4.9%). Besides, 14 taxa (34.1% of the total studied taxa) have at least 1 environmental service. Soil fertility (7 taxa = 50%) was the most represented, followed by sand accumulations (6 taxa out of 14 taxa = 43%), while shading plant was the least (1 taxon = 7.1%) (Rosa arabica). The most represented threat is over-cutting and over-collecting (38 taxa = 92.7%), while mining and quarrying is the least represented (4 taxa = 9.8%). Conclusions: The potential and actual goods, services and threats of the endemic taxa were assessed as follows; field observation, information collected from local inhabitants and herbalists, and a literature review. The present study recommended planning a strategy about the importance, threats and conservation of endemic taxa in Egypt that would help in the protection and rescue of these plants and increase awareness about the importance of these plants.

Application of alginate and gelatin-based edible coating materials as alternatives to traditional coating for improving the quality of pastirma

Marwa Ragab Abdallah,Mai Atef Mohamed,Mohamed Talaat. Emara,Hussein Mohamed 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.6

This research was conducted to study the efficacy of sodium alginate and gelatin coating materials in improving the quality of pastirma. Pastirma was coated with traditional, alginate or gelatin coatings, stored at 4 C for 4 weeks and examined weekly. Alginate and gelatin coated-pastirma revealed lower TBARS values which was within the acceptable limit (0.67 and 0.86 mg/kg) until the end of storage, however, the TBARS values of traditionally coated pastirma reached 1.33 by the end of storage. Edible coating delayed respiration rate with improvement of the color when compared with traditionally coated one. Oxygen concentration increased from 4.21 mg/kg/h in traditionally coated pastirma to 12.56 and 9.79 in alginate and gelatin coated ones, respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 concentration decreased from 10.40 mg/kg/h in traditionally coated pastirma to 4.89 and 6.07 mg/kg/h in alginate and gelatin coated ones, respectively. Moreover, a distinct improvement in all sensory attributes has been observed.

Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Glucose Homeostasis and Bone Remodeling in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Rat Model

Majed G. Alrowaili,Abdelaziz M. Hussein,Elsayed A. Eid,Mohamed S. Serria,Hussein Abdellatif,Hussein F Sakr 대한골대사학회 2021 대한골대사학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Background: The present study examined the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and the markers of bone remodeling in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) rat model. Methods: Forty male rats were allocated to 4 groups (N=10 per group): control group of normal rats; control+IF group (normal rats subjected to IF for 16-18 hr daily for 90 days); dexamethasone (DEX) group: (DEX [0.5 mg i.p.] for 90 days); and DEX+IF group (DEX and IF for 90 days). By the end of the experiment, BMD and BMC in the right tibia were measured. Serum levels of the following were measured: glucose; insulin; triglycerides (TGs); total cholesterol; parathyroid hormone (PTH); osteoprotegerin (OPG); receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK); bone-resorbing cytokines, including bone deoxypyridinoline (DPD), N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (NTX-1), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b); and bone-forming cytokines, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC). Results: DEX administration for 90 days resulted in significantly increased serum levels of glucose, insulin, TGs, cholesterol, PTH, OPG, DPD, NTX-1, and TRAP-5b and significantly decreased BMD, BMC, and serum levels of RANK, OC, and ALP (all P<0.05). IF for 90 days significantly improved all these parameters (all P<0.05). Conclusions: IF corrected GIO in rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and PTH secretion and stimulating osteoblast activity.

The Reliability of Preoperative Simulation Surgery Planning for Distraction Osteogensis in Craniosynostosis Patients

Hussein, Mohammed Ahmed,Kim, Yong Oock International Society for Simulation Surgery 2016 Journal of International Society for Simulation Su Vol.3 No.1

Background Craniosynostosis management using distraction osteogensis represent a challenge for surgeons due to the great variability of the skull deformity even within the same etiology. The ability to apply the simulation surgery for improving the preoperative planning for distraction osteogensis could improve the results.Planning and Simulation 14 patients presented with craniosynostosis had been subjected to simulation surgery prior to real surgery. 3D CT scans was obtained upon patient admission. Adjustment of all skull position to Frankfort horizontal plane was done. 3 different distraction osteogensis plans were done for each patient according to the skull morphology. For each plane, movement for each bone segment was done according to the pre-planned distraction vectors. Also the distances of distractions were pre-determined according to the cephalic index as well as brain volume. Intraoperatively, we choose the most appropriate plan for the patient by the surgeon. At the end of distraction, 3D CT scan was obtained, and was compared to the simulation plan. Also the distance and the direction of distraction was compared to that of the plan. Accordingly, the distance was almost matching that of the simulation surgery, however the vector of distraction was not matched.Conclusion Preoperative stimulation planning for craniosynostosis patient is very valuable tool in the surgical management of craniosynostosis patients.

Uses of the Revised Exchange Rate to Maintain Fair Value of Assets under Covid-19 Crisis

Mohammed Hussein Ali,Hayder Basim Kareem,Jasim Idan Barrak 대한산업공학회 2020 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.19 No.4

The research aims to identify the effect of using the modified exchange rate in preserving the fair value of the assets, which are the most important economic variables in the Iraqi economy, which are the growth rate of the amount of money in circulation, the value of Iraq’s crude oil exports, the rate of inflation, the rate of growth of the gross domestic product, which expresses the rate of economic growth and the value of spending Government and the value of foreign direct investment in the presence of the COVID-19 crisis. The research found that the effect of the adjusted exchange rate value on both the rate of growth in the amount of money in circulation in Iraq and the growth rate of GDP in Iraq during the period (2004-2018) was not significant, while the significant effect of the value of the adjusted exchange rate on both the value of Iraqi exports Of crude oil in Iraq, the rate of inflation, the value of government spending, the value of foreign investment during the period (2004-2018). The effect of the revised exchange rate was evident in maintaining the fair value of assets in general and in light of the COVID-19 crisis in particular. The research recommended the necessity for the Central Bank of Iraq to use more effective monetary policies that would help increase the impact on the rate of growth of the amount of money in circulation as well as the rate of growth of gross domestic product, the need to work to diversify sources of income in the Iraqi economy and encourage development in all economic sectors and reduce dependence on oil as a main source For income in Iraq, work to develop economic and financial policies that encourage companies and individuals to invest in all non-oil economic sectors, the need to develop monetary policies that can confront emergency situations that may occur, activate the role of crisis management and increase their levels of efficiency.