Market-Driven Trading Blocs in East Asia:Empirical Evidence from 1980 to 2000

Deng-Shing Huan 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.2

In this paper we apply the gravity model to provide empirical evidence of market-driven trading blocs in East Asia for the period from 1980 to 2000. Special attention is paid on the role of mainland China’s openness in shaping East Asia’s trade pattern. Several trading blocs are empirically supported from the regression. (1) Firstly, there is significant evidence of a trading bloc within a Chinese circle, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China. Although trade flows between Taiwan and mainland China were severely suppressed before 1987, the Chinese circle as a whole is highly integrated in terms of trade, indicating the important role Hong Kong plays as a trading agent in the Chinese circle. (2) The East Asian bloc appeared in the late 1980s and became more and more significant in the early 1990s. Although the bloc phenomenon in East Asia weakened right after the Asian crisis, it re-fostered again a few years later. JEL classification: F14, F15 In this paper we apply the gravity model to provide empirical evidence of market-driven trading blocs in East Asia for the period from 1980 to 2000. Special attention is paid on the role of mainland China’s openness in shaping East Asia’s trade pattern. Several trading blocs are empirically supported from the regression. (1) Firstly, there is significant evidence of a trading bloc within a Chinese circle, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China. Although trade flows between Taiwan and mainland China were severely suppressed before 1987, the Chinese circle as a whole is highly integrated in terms of trade, indicating the important role Hong Kong plays as a trading agent in the Chinese circle. (2) The East Asian bloc appeared in the late 1980s and became more and more significant in the early 1990s. Although the bloc phenomenon in East Asia weakened right after the Asian crisis, it re-fostered again a few years later. JEL classification: F14, F15

Study the Thermal Behaviours for Asphalt Concrete Mixed with Basic Oxygen Furnace Slags

( Huan-lin Luo ),( Deng-fong Lin ),( Show-ing Shieh ),( Yi-hong Liu ),( Yu-kai Wang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

In Taiwan, the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags are characterized as porous material and with better heat insulation than that of the natural aggregates. The BOF slags have been applied to the pavement as parts of the natural aggregate replacement. The asphalt concrete (AC) with the BOF slags replacements were well recognized and performed. In this study, parts of natural aggregates were replaced by the BOF slags in the AC helping resolve the gradual shortage of the natural resources and save energy and reduce the produce of carbon. In this study, parts of the natural aggregates were replaced by the coarse and fine BOF slags in the construction of AC. Because the thermal insulation and heat absorption are different between BOF slags and natural aggregates, the infrared thermal conductivity measuring instrument was applied to obtain the surface temperatures presented as thermal infrared images in AC. Then, the infrared temperature distribution images were obtained by using the image transformation techniques. The results show that the thermal conductivity for the AC containing with fine BOF slag was larger than that for the coarse BOF slag. The BOG slag replacement in AC helped improve the thermal insulation in AC. Moreover, the temperature was more uniformly distributed for AC with the fine BOF slag than that for the coarse BOF slag replacement. However, the coarse BOF slag was better in the preserve of energy for AC than that of the fine BOF slag.

Identification and Characterization of Alternaria iridiaustralis Causing Leaf Spot on Iris ensata in China

( Huan Luo ),( Ya Qun Tao ),( Xiao Yan Fan ),( Sang Keun Oh ),( Hong Xue Lu ),( Jian Xin Deng ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.2

In 2016, a severe leaf spot disease was found on Iris ensata Thumb. in Nanjing, China. The symptom was elliptical, fusiform, or irregularly necrotic lesion surrounded by a yellow halo, from which a small-spored Alternaria species was isolated. The fungus was identified as Alternaria iridiaustralis based on morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Phylogenic analyses using sequences of ITS, gpd, endoPG, and RPB2 genes confirmed the morphological identification. This study is the first report of A. iridiaustralis causing leaf spots on I. ensata in China.

A novel acrylamide modified primary-secondary amine analogue as impurities remover for determination of carbendazim and dimethyl phthalate in apples

Deng, Qilin,Tang, Weiyang,Qu, Qi,Zhang, Huan,Row, Kyung Ho,Zhang, Youlai,Zhu, Tao Springer-Verlag 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.8

Morphology and Molecular Characterization of Alternaria argyranthemi on Chrysanthemum coronarium in China

( Huan Luo ),( Zhen Zhou Xia ),( Yun Yun Chen ),( Yi Zhou ),( Jian Xin Deng ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.3

Chrysanthemum coronarium is an economically important plant in Asia, and used medicinally, ornamentally and as a vegetable. In April 2017, leaf spot disease on C. coronarium was observed in Shiyan, Hubei, China. A single-spore isolate was obtained and identified based on morphology and sequence analysis using four regions (rDNA ITS, GAPDH, EF-1a, and RPB2). The results indicated that the fungus is Alternaria argyranthemi. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the species could cause severe leaf spot and blight disease on the host. This is the first report of leaf spot disease on C. coronarium caused by A. argyranthemi in the world, which is also a new record of Alternaria species in China.

VOCs transport with VOCs-adsorbing particles under VOCs emission from carpet

Huan Xie,Chang Nyung Kim,Baoqing Deng 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.8

Many kinds of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from building materials can deteriorate indoor air quality. Thus, it is essential to investigate how VOCs transport and how the airside VOCs concentration can be reduced. In order to remove airside VOCs, activated carbon particles can be used. This paper investigates the effect of activated carbon particles on the airside concentration of VOCs emitted from a new carpet in a room. A new numerical method for predicting airside VOCs concentration under the presence of activated carbon particles is developed, which includes spatially repeated iteration to get the transient airside VOCs concentration in association with the activated carbon particles’ adsorption of VOCs. The current numerical model is validated over an existing experimental result. Commercial software FLUENT 12.0 is adopted to solve the continuity, momentum, turbulence and concentration equations in two main cases under the situations with and without considering particle deposition. Numerical results show that the transient concentrations of VOCs in the air reach peaks, decay rapidly, drop slowly and remain in the room for a long time. When the particle concentration is at a higher level, the decrease in airside VOCs concentration is more notable. The concept proposed in this study can be utilized, with the use of activated carbon particles, to enhance the emission rate of VOCs in raw building materials before they are furnished in newly built indoor spaces.

Improving Bricks (kaolin) Performance by adding Incinerator Bottom Ash and Adjusting Kiln Calcination Temperatures

( Deng-fong Lin ),( Huan-lin Luo ),( Wei-zhu Wang ),( Jia-wen Chen ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

The bottom ash (BA) is the residuals of the municipal trashes after incinerated in an incinerator plant. The BA is usually collected and landfilled as the final disposal treatment. However, it becomes harder finding locations for Taiwan as an island with a very scarce land for the landfill treatment. Moreover, the amount of the BA recycled was far behind the amount produced in which leading to a hard problem for central and local governments. How to properly recycle or reuse of the BA becomes an urgent need. From the results obtained by many different researchers, the use of the BA as a ceramic material may help improve the strength of related products. In this study, the BA was applied as part of the replacement for kaolin in the manufacture of the brick specimens. To investigate the effects of the kiln temperature on the brick specimens and evaluate the related properties of the specimens, the kiln temperatures were set at 850, 900, and 950℃. The municipal solid waste incineration BA was applied as part of kaolin replacement in the manufacture of bricks. Test results showed that the shrinkage increment of bricks tended to be smooth when the BA replacement was larger than 10%. Moreover, the results of loss on ignition indicated that the organic and inorganic matters and heavy metal were mostly burned off at the kiln temperature of 900℃ or above. The compressive strengths of bricks increased with the increase amount of BA replacement. The study of the micro structure observations showed that the silicification of the brick specimen bodies reduced with the increase amount of the BA replacement. Moreover, the results obtained from XRD indicated that the peak intensities of the SiO₂ in the brick specimens decreased with increase amount of the BA replacement. This study suggested that the optimal amount of BA replacement and the kiln temperature were 20% and 950℃, respectively.

Study properties of soft subgrade soil stabilized by sewage sludge/lime and nano-SiO₂

Lin, Deng-Fong,Luo, Huan-Lin,Chen, Chien-Ta,Cai, Ming-Du Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.10 No.6

The pozzolanic characteristics of a sludge incinerated into ash were determined in this study. Lime is commonly used as a stabilizer for the treatment of soils, whereas sewage sludge ash (SSA) is often applied with lime to improve soft subgrade soil. In this study, a cohesive soil categorized as A-4 (low-plasticity clay) by AASHTO classifications was mixed with SSA/lime with a 3:1 ratio. Nano-$SiO_2$ was also added to the soil. To identify changes in the workability, strength, permeability, and shear strength of the soft subgrade soil, basic soil tests were conducted, and the microstructure of the treated soil was analyzed. The results indicate that SSA/lime mixtures improve the properties of soft subgrade soil and transform the soil from "poor subgrade soil" to "good to excellent subgrade soil" with a CBR > 8. Additionally, the addition of 2% nano-$SiO_2$ increases the unconfined compressive strength of soft subgrade soil treated with SSA/lime mixture by approximately 17 kPa. However, the swelling of the treated soil increased by approximately 0.1% after the addition of nano-$SiO_2$ and lime. Thus, soil swelling should be considered before lime and nano-$SiO_2$ are applied to soft subgrade soil.

Distributed Fuzzy Resilient Tracking for Nonlinear MASs Under DoS Attacks

Shu-Huan Gao,Mengmeng Chen,Chao Deng 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.10

In this paper, the distributed fuzzy resilient tracking problem for a class of second-order nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is addressed. Compared with the existing distributed fuzzy tracking results, a more general class of second-order MASs with DoS attacks under combined output observable situation are considered in this paper. Under DoS attacks, the second-order derivative of the traditional distributed observer does not exist, while this signal is necessary to solve the distributed fuzzy tracking problem for second-order MASs when using the backstepping method. To solve the problem, a hierarchical control method that consists of a cooperative resilient observer and a distributed controller is proposed. Specifically, a new distributed resilient observer state with a second-order derivative and also the function of defending network attacks is designed based on a combined output observable condition. By using the backstepping technique, decentralized fuzzy adaptive resilient controllers are designed to achieve distributed tracking under DoS attacks. It is shown that the distributed fuzzy resilient tracking problem can be solved under our designed method. Finally, second-order nonlinear MASs are provided to verify the effectiveness of our method.

Toothpaste microstructure and rheological behaviors including aging and partial rejuvenation

Zhiwei Liu,Lei Liu,Huan Zhou,Jiali Wang,Linhong Deng 한국유변학회 2015 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.27 No.3

Toothpastes are mainly composed of a dense suspension of abrasive substances, flavors, and therapeutic ingredients in a background liquid of humectants and water, and usually exhibit complex rheological behaviors. However, the relationship between the rheology and microstructure of toothpaste remains to be studied. In this paper, three commonly used toothpastes, namely Colgate, Darlie and Yunnan Baiyao (Ynby), were qualitatively and quantitatively studied as soft glassy materials. We found that although the three toothpastes generally behaved in similar fashion in terms of rheology, each particular one was distinct from others in terms of the quantitative magnitude of the rheologcial properties including thixotropy, creep and relaxation, yield stress, and power-law dependence of modulus on frequency. In addition, the history-dependent effects were interpreted in terms of aging and rejuvenation phenomena, analogous to those existing in glassy systems, and Ynby seemed to result in greater extent of aging and rejuvenation as compared to the other two. All these differences in toothpaste rheology may well be attributed to the different microscopic network microstructures as observed in this study. Therefore, this study provides first evidence of microstructurebased rheological behaviors of toothpaste, which may be useful for optimizing its composition, manufacturing processing as well as end-user applications