Silage Fermentative Quality and Characteristics of Anthocyanin Stability in Anthocyanin-rich Corn (Zea mays L.)

Hosoda, Kenji,Eruden, Bayaru,Matsuyama, Hiroki,Shioya, Shigeru Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.4

The fermentative quality and quantitative change in anthocyanin of anthocyanin-rich corn (Zea mays L.) during storage and in vitro ruminal fermentation were studied. The anthocyanin-rich corn silages in bag silo, drum silo and round bale had good fermentative qualities, such as low pH (<pH 4), high lactic acid content (>5% DM) and butyric acid-free, and its quality was maintained for more than 370 d. The amount of anthocyanin in the anthocyanin-rich corn decreased after ensiling by about 45% (from 3.34 to 1.88 mg/g DM), but stayed constant after day 60. The in vitro incubation of the anthocyanin-rich corn with ruminal fluid revealed little degradation of anthocyanin. These results indicate that the anthocyanin had no negative effect on silage fermentation, and the anthocyanin-rich corn silage is utilizable for practical use as a feedstuff. Our results also demonstrate alteration of the anthocyanin content during storage, and show that anthocyanin-rich corn is a suitable antioxidant source for ruminants because of the high stability of the anthocyanin in ruminal fluid.

The Effects of Three Herbs as Feed Supplements on Blood Metabolites, Hormones, Antioxidant Activity, IgG Concentration, and Ruminal Fermentation in Holstein Steers

Hosoda, K.,Kuramoto, K.,Eruden, B.,Nishida, T.,Shioya, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three herb supplementations on blood metabolites, hormones, antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration, and ruminal fermentation in steers. Four Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design received four herb treatments. The treatments consisted of the steers' regular diets with addition of: 1) nothing (control), 2) peppermint, 3) clove, and 4) lemongrass at 5% of the diet (DM basis). Clove supplementation increased the plasma concentration of cholesterol by about 10% (from 79 to 87 mg/dl). Peppermint and lemongrass feeding resulted in an increase in the concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen (from 5.9 to 6.9 and 6.4 mg/dl, respectively). The three herb treatments had no effect on other metabolites and hormones. Steers receiving clove supplementation showed a higher plasma antioxidant activity. The three herb treatments caused lower concentrations of IgG in the blood. Peppermint and lemongrass feedings increased, and clove feeding decreased ruminal concentrations of ammonia. There were no significant differences in VFA concentrations among herbal treatments, except for the decrease in propionate concentration in steers receiving clove treatment. This study suggested that clove feeding changed cholesterol metabolism and increased antioxidant activity in plasma, and feeding of three herbs affected immunity system and ruminal fermentation in steers.

Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents, antioxidant activity, and in situ degradability of black and red rice grains

Hosoda, Kenji,Sasahara, Hideki,Matsushita, Kei,Tamura, Yasuaki,Miyaji, Makoto,Matsuyama, Hiroki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.8

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant contents and activities of colored rice grains and to evaluate their nutritive characteristics in terms of chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradation. Methods: Ten cultivars of colored rice grains (Oryza sativa L.) collected from several areas of Japan were studied, and control rice without pigment, maize, barley, and wheat grains were used as control grains. Their chemical compositions, pigment, polyphenol contents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and degradation characteristics were determined. Results: The starch contents of the colored rice grains were in the range of 73.5% to 79.6%, similar to that of the control rice grain. The black and red rice grains contained anthocyanin (maximum: $5,045.6{\mu}g/g$) and proanthocyanidin (maximum: $3,060.6{\mu}g/g$) at high concentrations as their principal pigments, respectively. There were significantly (p<0.05) positive relationships among the pigment contents, polyphenol content, and TAC values in the colored and control rice grains, indicating that the increase in pigment contents also contributed to the increased polyphenol content and TAC values in the colored rice grains. The dry matter and starch degradation characteristics, as represented by c (fractional degradation rate of slowly degradable fraction) and by the effective degradability, of the colored rice grains and the control rice grain were ranked as follows among commonly used grains: wheat>barley${\geq}rice$>maize. The colored rice grains also included the most-digestible starch, since their potential degradable fraction and actual degradability at 48 h incubation were almost 100%. Conclusion: Colored rice grains have high potential to be used as antioxidant sources in addition to starch sources in ruminants.

Influence of Mentha×piperita L. (Peppermint) Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility and Energy Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows

Hosoda, K.,Nishida, T.,Park, W.Y.,Eruden, B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.12

The characteristic smell of cow milk was suppressed when herbs were consumed by lactating dairy cows. But it is unclear whether or not peppermint ingestion affects the nutritional and milk production parameters in lactating dairy cows. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of peppermint feeding to lactating dairy cows on nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism, ruminal fermentation and milk production. Eight Holstein cows were given a diet supplemented with or without 5% of dried peppermint per diet on a dry matter basis. The digestion of nutrients from cows fed the diet with peppermint was significantly lower than that of the control group. Energy loss as methane and methane released from cows receiving the peppermint treatment was significantly lower than that in the control cows. Peppermint feeding to cows resulted in the promotion of thermogenesis. However, ruminal fermentation and milk production were not affected by peppermint feeding. In conclusion, peppermint ingestion by lactating dairy cows reduces the nutrient digestibility and methanogenesis, and changes energy metabolism.

Collision-Avoidance Algorithm for Human-Symbiotic Robot

Yuji Hosoda,Kenjirou Yamamoto,Ryouko Ichinose,Saku Egawa,Junichi Tamamoto,Kouji Tsubouchi,Shinichi Yuta 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

A real-time collision-avoidance algorithm for human-symbiotic robots that are required to avoid multiple pedestrians was developed. An algorithm to predict the likelihood of a collision with obstacles was based on the relative velocities between a moving robot and multiple obstacles. An algorithm that can generate the optimum path sequence to a goal in real time was also developed. The collision-avoidance path is generated by repeating an operation to select two tangent paths that connect a via-point on a path to a collision circle of each obstacle that exists in the relative space. A robot-called EMIEW”-using these algorithms with a system for avoiding collisions with many obstacles moves at a speed of 0.8 m/s in a cluster of five people walking at 1.2 m/s. The repeat period for generating a new avoidance path is 0.5s, and the processing time for the developed algorithm in the each period is a maximum of 4 ms.

Consumer Behavioral Systems to Approach or Avoid Generic Medicine (GM) Consumption in Japan

Takefumi Hosoda,Jay R. Fraser,Myung-Sook Kim,Hongsik John Cheon 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.5 No.2

Generic medicine (GM), which is an alternative drug product for branded medicine (BM), is used less in Japan than in other OECD countries. Therefore, we investigate why the medical consumers of Japan avoid the use of GMs even though the efficacy and safety of the medicines have already been proven. We theorize that effectiveness or risk of GMs are related to the consumer attitude toward GMs is affected by the behavioral approach/activation system (BAS) which promotes actions to reach the desired state, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) which suppresses behaviors to avoid negative outcomes. To see which of the BAS and BIS dimensions are related to GM usage, we surveyed 374 Japanese consumers and found that Quality, Efficacy, Safety, & Cost-effectiveness with the BAS, and Functional Risk, Financial Risk, Social Risk, Physical Risk, Psychological Risk, & Time Risk with the BIS had a significant effect on consumer attitude to GMs. These results are important in that they 1), confirm the role of BAS/BIS in attitudes to GMs, 2), provide guidelines when marketing GMs, 3), help governments promote the use of GMs as a cost-saving measure, and 4), guide future surveys regarding consumer attitudes to GMs.

Failsafe nonsense-mediated mRNA decay does not detectably target eIF4E-bound mRNA

Matsuda, Daiki,Hosoda, Nao,Kim, Yoon Ki,Maquat, Lynne E Nature Publishing Group 2007 Nature Structural and Molecular Biology Vol.14 No.10

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) generally eliminates messenger RNAs that prematurely terminate translation and occurs in all eukaryotes that have been studied, although with mechanistic variations. In mammals, NMD seems to be restricted to newly synthesized mRNA that is bound by the cap-binding heterodimer CBP80-CBP20 (CBP80/20) and typically has at least one exon junction complex (EJC) situated downstream of the nonsense codon and added post-splicing. However, mammalian NMD can also target spliced mRNA lacking an EJC downstream of the nonsense codon. Here we provide evidence that this additional pathway, known as failsafe NMD, likewise seems to be restricted to CBP80/20-bound mRNA and does not detectably target its subsequently remodeled product, eIF4E-bound mRNA. Our studies, including analyses of factor dependence, reveal important shared features of the two mammalian-cell NMD pathways as well as fundamental differences between NMD in mammals and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

MINERAL STATUS OF GRAZING SHEEP IN THE DRY AREA OF MIDLAND CHINA

Fujihara, T.,Hosoda, C.,Matsui, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.2

In the present study, nutritional status of some minerals in sheep grazed on native pasture was investigated in dry area, Ningxia district, of the People's Republic of China. Samples of some forages and blood of sheep were collected for two seasons, dry (March) and rainy (August) seasons. The Ca contents of forages (wheat straw, green-pea straw and some wild grasses) were relatively high as compared with that required ordinarily as standard, but on the contrary, the P content was much lower than that of standard. Consequently, Ca/P ratio was very high in cost of the roughages sampled in the region. Trace elements, Cu and Zn, content of forage samples were fairly low, and the contents of Mo and Fe were fairly high, particularly in some wild grasses, when the values were compared with that required normally. The Ca level in blood of sheep was in a range accepted as normal, and the other macro minerals(Mg and P) were contained at relatively high levels as compared with the values observed ordinarily, but not at a toxic level. With trace minerals, the plasma Fe level was extremely high as compared with the standard level, although there were no disorders due to toxicity, and Mo level in plasma was a little lower than the lower limit described as a normal. The plasma levels of other trace elements (Cu, Zn and Se) in all the animals were within the range accepted as normal. There would be no clear differences in mineral nutrition of sheep between dry and rainy seasons. These results could suggest that there is no severe unbalance and/or imbalance, and grazing sheep in the Ningxia area of midland China have no problems relating to the nutritional status of minerals.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT POWER UNIT FOR HYBRID FOUR-DOOR SEDAN

Aitaka, K.,Hosoda, M.,Nomura, T. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.2

The Intelligent Power Unit (IPU) utilized in Honda's Civic Hybrid Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) system was developed with the aim of making every component lighter, more compact and more efficient than those in the former model. To reduce energy loss, inverter efficiency was increased by fine patterning of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) chips, 12V DC-DC converter efficiency was increased by utilizing soft-switching, and the internal resistance of the IMA battery was lowered by modifying the electrodes and the current collecting structure. These improvements reduced the amount of heat generated by the unit components and made it possible to combine the previously separated Power Control Unit (PCU) and battery cooling systems into a single system. Consolidation of these two cooling circuits into one has reduced the volume of the newly developed IPU by 42% compared to the former model.

SLOSHING ANALYSIS IN A TANK USING A DEPTH AVERAGED FLOW MODEL IN GENERALIZED CURVILINEAR MOVING COORDINATE SYSTEM

ONDA SHINICHIRO,HOSODA TAKASHI,MIURA MICHIHIDE 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1