Hepatitis B Caccine : A Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation

Holliday, S.M.,D. Faulds Medical Publications Korea 1994 Medical Progress Vol.16 No.12

The role of socio-indexical information in the perception of Gyeongsang fricatives

Holliday Jeffrey,Lee Hyunjung(이현정) 한국어학회 2021 한국어학 Vol.90 No.-

사람들은 흔히 경상 화자가 /ㅅ/-/ㅆ/을 변별해서 발음하지 못한다고 믿는다. 본 연구에서는 서울 화자와 대구 화자가 산출한 마찰음으로 자연 발화 자극과 기식 구간을 조절한 자극을 만들어 청자들에게 들려준 후, 이를 식별하고 발음을 평가하는 과제를 진행했다. 청자의 반은 화자가 모두 서울 화자라는 정보가, 나머지 반은 화자가 모두 경상 화자라는 정보가 주어졌다. 그 결과, 조작되지 않은 자연 자극 지각에서는 화자의 실제 방언이나 화자에 대해 받은 방언 정보가 아무 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 기식 구간을 조절한 자극에서는 차이가 있었다. 기식 구간이 /ㅅ/과 /ㅆ/ 사이에 있었을 경우, 화자가 경상 화자라는 정보를 받았을 때 자극을 /ㅆ/으로 들을 가능성이 더 높았다. 이러한 결과는 화자에 대한 정보가 마찰음 지각에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점과 음운 변이에 대한 기술은 음향학적 측정으로 최대한 보완해야 한다는 점을 시사한다. It is widely believed, correctly or not, that speakers of Gyeongsang Korean do not produce a clear contrast between the Korean sibilant fricatives /s/ and /s*/. In this study, listeners identified and rated natural and manipulated fricative productions of Seoul and Daegu talkers. Crucially, the listeners were told either that the talkers were from Seoul, or from Gyeongsang. It was found that while neither the talker’s actual dialect nor the primed dialect had any effect on listeners’ identification or rating of natural fricative productions, the listeners who were told the talkers were from Gyeongsang were more likely to perceive an ambiguous fricative as /s*/ than the listeners who were told the talkers were from Seoul. These results, while mixed, suggest that socio-indexical information about a talker may play a role in how their fricatives are perceived, and that descriptions of phonological variation should be supplemented by acoustic measurements whenever possible.

The acoustic realization of the Korean sibilant fricative contrast in Seoul and Daegu

Holliday Jeffrey J. 한국음성학회 2012 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.4 No.1

The neutralization of /sh/ and /s*/ in Gyeongsang dialects is a culturally salient stereotype that has received relatively little attention in the phonetic literature. The current study is a more extensive acoustic comparison of the sibilant fricative productions of Seoul and Gyeongsang dialect speakers. The data presented here suggest that, at least for young Seoul and Daegu speakers, there are few inter-dialectal differences in sibilant fricative production. These conclusions are supported by the output of mixed effects logistic regression models that used aspiration duration, spectral mean of the frication noise, and H1-H2 of the following vowel to predict fricative type in each dialect. The clearest dialect difference was that Daegu speakers' /sh/ and /s*/ productions had overall shorter aspiration durations than those of Seoul speakers, suggesting the opposite of the traditional "/s*/ produced as [sh]" stereotype of Gyeongsang dialects. Further work is needed to investigate whether /sh/-/s*/ neutralization in Daegu is perceptual rather than acoustic in nature.

Discovery of shear- and side-specific mRNAs and miRNAs in human aortic valvular endothelial cells

Holliday, Casey J.,Ankeny, Randall F.,Jo, Hanjoong,Nerem, Robert M. American Physiological Society 2011 American journal of physiology, Heart and circulat Vol.301 No.3

<P> The role of endothelial cells (ECs) in aortic valve (AV) disease remains relatively unknown; however, disease preferentially occurs in the fibrosa. We hypothesized oscillatory shear (OS) present on the fibrosa stimulates ECs to modify mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) inducing disease. Our goal was to identify mRNAs and miRNAs differentially regulated by OS and laminar shear (LS) in human AVECs (HAVECs) from the fibrosa (fHAVECs) and ventricularis (vHAVECs). HAVECs expressed EC markers as well as some smooth muscle cell markers and functionally aligned with the flow. HAVECs were exposed to OS and LS for 24 h, and total RNA was analyzed by mRNA and miRNA microarrays. We found over 700 and 300 mRNAs down- and upregulated, respectively, by OS; however, there was no side dependency. mRNA microarray results were validated for 26 of 28 tested genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed thrombospondin 1 ( Thbs1) and NF-κB inhibitor-α ( Nfkbia) as highly connected, shear-sensitive genes. miRNA array analysis yielded 30 shear-sensitive miRNAs and 3 side-specific miRNAs. miRNA validation confirmed 4 of 17 shear-sensitive miRNAs and 1 of 3 side-dependent miRNAs. Using miRWalk and several filtering steps, we identified shear-sensitive mRNAs potentially targeted by shear-sensitive miRNAs. These genes and signaling pathways could act as therapeutic targets of AV disease. </P>

Low-Cost Earthquake Solutions for Nonengineered Residential Construction in Developing Regions

Holliday, Lisa,Kang, Thomas H.-K. American Society of Civil Engineers 2015 Journal of performance of constructed facilities Vol.29 No.5

Taquezal Buildings in Nicaragua and Their Earthquake Performance

Holliday, Lisa,Kang, Thomas H.-K.,Mish, Kyran D. American Society of Civil Engineers 2012 Journal of performance of constructed facilities Vol.26 No.5

Ethnicity and Democratization in Myanmar

Ian Holliday 서울대학교행정대학원 2010 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.18 No.2

Myanmar is embarking on political reforms that could prove to be the first stage of agradual transition to democracy. However, critical problems of ethnic discord remain tobe resolved. This article draws on the literature on multiculturalism to examine waysforward. First it considers how other democratic states have sought to manage ethnicrelations, and constructs a matrix of four ideal types: multiculturalism; ethnic enclaves;assimilation; and marginalization. Next it demonstrates just how difficult matters ofethnicity and identity were in the development of modern Burma. Then it surveyspossibilities for ethnic relations in contemporary Myanmar. Finally it sketches futurepathways. A brief conclusion reinforces the core argument. Ethnic enclaves andassimilation are the major contenders for ethnic policy in Myanmar. Their relativemerits will need to be debated as openly as possible during any future democratizationprocess.

Human Security: A Global Responsibility to Protect and Provide

Ian Holliday,Brendan Howe 한국국방연구원 2011 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.23 No.1

For the past 15 years, the concept of human security has been promoted as a significant extension of traditional security studies. However, while human security has been present and visible in academic and practitioner discourse, it is yet truly to capture the imagination of specialists. Partly this is a result of the belligerent direction global politics has taken in the new millennium. Partly, however, it results from conceptual inadequacies internal to the notion itself. This article confronts the latter problem. It first examines the emergence of human security within the wider security studies literature, homes in on debates about human security, and draws important parallels between development and human security. It then builds on this to restate human security as freedom from fear and freedom from want, and to demonstrate how this conceptualization can be understood as a dual responsibility initially to protect and subsequently to provide. It finally considers whether a responsibility to intervene is generated by this approach. The brief conclusion summarizes the argument that this conceptualization generates a fresh way forward for human security studies.

Non-word repetition may reveal different errors in naive listeners and second language learners

Jeffrey J. Holliday,Minkyoung Hong 한국음성학회 2020 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.12 No.1

The perceptual assimilation of a nonnative phonological contrast can change with linguistic experience, resulting in naïve listeners and novice second language (L2) learners potentially assimilating the members of a nonnative contrast to different native (L1) categories. While it has been shown that this sort of change can affect the discrimination of the nonnative contrast, it has not been tested whether such a change could have consequences for the production of the contrast. In this study, L1 speakers of Mandarin Chinese who were (1) naïve to Korean, (2) novice L2 learners, or (3) advanced L2 learners participated in a Korean non-word repetition task using word-initial sibilants. The initial CVs of their repetitions were then played to L1 Korean listeners who categorized the initial consonant. The naïve talkers were more likely to repeat an initial /s<SUP>h</SUP>a/ as an affricate, whereas the L2 learners repeated it as a fricative, in line with how these listeners have been shown to assimilate Korean sibilants to Mandarin categories. This result suggests that errors in the production of new words presented auditorily to nonnative listeners may be driven by how they perceptually assimilate the nonnative sounds, emphasizing the need to better understand what drives changes in perceptual assimilation that accompany increased linguistic experience.

[Horizons] 대서양 해류의 이동 속도가 감소하고 있다. 이 현상이 영국 기후에는 어떤 영향을 미칠까?

페니 홀리데이(Penny Holliday) 유니콘웨일 2021 BBC science Vol.2021 No.11