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Melodic Contour Identification Reflects the Cognitive Threshold of Aging
Jeong, Eunju,Ryu, Hokyoung Frontiers Media S.A. 2016 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE Vol.8 No.-
<P>Cognitive decline is a natural phenomenon of aging. Although there exists a consensus that sensitivity to acoustic features of music is associated with such decline, no solid evidence has yet shown that structural elements and contexts of music explain this loss of cognitive performance. This study examined the extent and the type of cognitive decline that is related to the contour identification task (CIT) using tones with different pitches (i.e., melodic contours). Both younger and older adult groups participated in the CIT given in three listening conditions (i.e., focused, selective, and alternating). Behavioral data (accuracy and response times) and hemodynamic reactions were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Our findings showed cognitive declines in the older adult group but with a subtle difference from the younger adult group. The accuracy of the melodic CITs given in the target-like distraction task (CIT2) was significantly lower than that in the environmental noise (CIT1) condition in the older adult group, indicating that CIT2 may be a benchmark test for age-specific cognitive decline. The fNIRS findings also agreed with this interpretation, revealing significant increases in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) concentration in the younger (<I>p</I> < 0.05 for Δpre - on task; <I>p</I> < 0.01 for Δon – post task) rather than the older adult group (<I>n.s</I> for Δpre - on task; <I>n.s</I> for Δon – post task). We further concluded that the oxyHb difference was present in the brain regions near the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Taken together, these findings suggest that CIT2 (i.e., the melodic contour task in the target-like distraction) is an optimized task that could indicate the degree and type of age-related cognitive decline.</P>
200 일의 Pentimento: 시간의 흐름에 따라 재구성되는 라이프로그 기억
이아름(Ahreum Lee),류호경(Hokyoung Ryu) 한국HCI학회 2016 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
개인의 경험을 기록할 수 있다는 특징을 가진 lifelog 기기는 아직 지속사용성 수준에 도달하지 못한 상태이다. 이는 단순히 사용자의 일상을 실시간으로 기록하고 저장하는 lifelog 의 기능들은 흥미에 기반을 둔 초기 사용성 (activating usability) 을 확보하는 데 영향을 미쳤으나, 중기 및 궁극적 사용성 (accessing usability, ascertaining usability)을 확보하는 데 있어서는 아직 부족하다는 것을 의미한다. 이에 따라, ‘Beyond total capture’를 모티브로 사용자의 궁극적 사용성을 지원할 수 있는 새로운 lifelogging 시스템 디자인에 대한 HCI 연구에 대한 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 photo elicitation 기법을 기반으로, 사용자에게 특별한 의미를 형성하는 lifelog 사진에 대한 200 일간의 추적 인터뷰를 수행하여, 지속사용성을 확보하기 위한 lifelog system 의 요건을 제안하고자 한다. Like a ‘pentimento ’ showing an artist’s minds-changing in the progress of painting, we reinterpret our experiences based on our current status and thoughts. Recent HCI studies suggested the lifelog system should provide something beyond prompt veridical recall, by which it can generate persistent user experience. In this study, we carried out a longitudinal user study to figure out the important attributes of one’s own meaningful experience in order to develop conceptual design guidelines for lifelog system.
Weighted affordance-based agent modeling and simulation in emergency evacuation
Busogi, Moise,Shin, Dongmin,Ryu, Hokyoung,Oh, Yeong Gwang,Kim, Namhun Elsevier 2017 Safety science Vol.96 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents an agent-based human behavioral modeling framework to analyze probable human actions, in emergency situations, considering both physical and psychological dimensions, in emergency situations. Human’s prospective controls suggest that the environment can offer certain physical and psychological conditions to opt for a finite number of feasible human actions that lead to desired system states. A set of possible human actions is then generated and updated from the affordance-effectivity duals in a spatial-temporal dimension. In this paper, a reward and cost-based dynamic affordance-based agent model is built upon physical and psychological constraints that are inserted for the agents’ decision-making processes. The model employs Markov Decision Process (MDP), and NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) is used as cost and reward estimates. The action selection process of human agents, i.e., triggering of state transitions, is stochastically modeled in accordance with the action-state cost (load) values. A series of affordance-based numerical values are calculated for predicting prospective actions in the system. Finally, an evacuation simulation example based on the proposed model is illustrated to verify the proposed human behavioral modeling framework.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present an agent-based simulation model for emergency evacuations. </LI> <LI> The model uses Markov Decision Process whose rewards are expressed using NASA – TLX. </LI> <LI> The model considers agent’s dynamic behaviors under different levels of emergency. </LI> <LI> The framework can be used to evaluate the dynamics of human-included safety systems. </LI> </UL> </P>