ECG Artifact Removal from Surface EMG Using Adaptive filter Algorithm

Hojun Yeom,UkjinYoon 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.7 No.2

Optimal Adaptive Filter Design of M-wave Elimination for Treating Tooth Grinding

Yeom, Hojun The Institute of Internet 2016 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.5 No.4

When tooth grinding occurs, electrical stimulation is given at the same time, and tooth grinding stops on such stimulation. Electromyography signals are used as control signals of electrical stimulation to disturb tooth grinding. However because of the electrical stimulation, the M-waves are generated and mixed with spontaneous electromyogram. In this study, we designed an optimal filter to remove M-wave and conserve spontaneous electromyogram simultaneously. The inverse power method (IPM) showed that the optimal filter coefficient is the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the input covariance matrix. In order to evaluate the performance of the optimal filter, we compared using a conventional band pass filter and adaptive filter using least mean square algorithm. The experimental results show that the optimal filter can effectively remove the M-wave compared to the previously studied prediction error filter.

Optimal Adaptive Filter Design of M-wave Elimination for Treating Tooth Grinding

Hojun Yeom 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2016 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.5 No.4

When tooth grinding occurs, electrical stimulation is given at the same time, and tooth grinding stops on such stimulation. Electromyography signals are used as control signals of electrical stimulation to disturb tooth grinding. However because of the electrical stimulation, the M-waves are generated and mixed with spontaneous electromyogram. In this study, we designed an optimal filter to remove M-wave and conserve spontaneous electromyogram simultaneously. The inverse power method (IPM) showed that the optimal filter coefficient is the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the input covariance matrix. In order to evaluate the performance of the optimal filter, we compared using a conventional band pass filter and adaptive filter using least mean square algorithm. The experimental results show that the optimal filter can effectively remove the M-wave compared to the previously studied prediction error filter

Stimulus Artifact Suppression Using the Stimulation Synchronous Adaptive Impulse Correlated Filter for Surface EMG Application

Hojun Yeom,Hodong Park,Young-Hui Chang,Youngchol Park,Kyoung-Joung Lee 대한전기학회 2012 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.7 No.3

The voluntary EMG (vEMG) signal from electrically stimulated muscle is very useful for feedback control in functional electrical stimulation. However, the recorded EMG signal from surface electrodes has unwanted stimulation artifact and M-wave as well as vEMG. Here, we propose an event-synchronous adaptive digital filter for the suppression of stimulation artifact and M-wave in this application. The proposed method requires a simple experimental setup that does not require extra hardware connections to obtain the reference signals of adaptive digital filter. For evaluating the efficiency of this proposed method, the filter was tested and compared with a least square (LS) algorithm using previously measured data. We conclude that the cancellation of both primary and residual stimulation artifacts is enhanced with an event-synchronous adaptive digital filter and shows promise for clinical application to rehabilitate paretic limbs. Moreover because this algorithm is far simpler than the LS algorithm, it is portable and ready for real-time application.

재판 중계방송에 관한 연구

염호준(YEOM Hojun),표현덕,서용성 사법정책연구원 2018 사법정책연구원 연구총서 Vol.2017 No.13

According to current law and regulations regarding televising and broadcasting court proceedings, broadcasting in lower instances is permitted either before trial or oral arguments, or during sentencing. Therefore it seems to be the case that broadcasting trials and oral arguments is not possible. The objective of the present research was to examine the theoretical underpinnings of broadcasting court proceedings, and study the practices of other jurisdictions in order to consider the implications for determining the scope of trial broadcasting and developing relevant policies in Korea. Research has shown that a growing tendency to gradually permit broadcasting court proceedings in various foreign jurisdictions can be identified. In light of the development of information communications technology, the increasing complexity of court proceedings and rise in multiparty litigation as a consequence of societal changes, and based on responses from judges to a survey on the subject, the present research focuses on the conditions and scope of broadcasting that would allow for procedural transparency and fairness of court proceedings, through which public trust in the judiciary can be restored. The ‘Regulation on Court Observance and Photography’ should be amended to expand the list of events subject to the presiding judge’s approval. Also, depending on the characteristics of a given case the presiding judge should be allowed to exercise more discretion in determining during which stage of the court proceedings to give approval for broadcasting. In cases of special national importance the public’s right to know should be guaranteed and historic documentation preserved. It is recommended that audio recording and broadcasting be made more readily available. With regard to the method of broadcasting court proceedings, it would be rational to time-delay broadcast so as to properly address unexpected events without compromising the need to swiftly provide information. Concerning the method of recording, placing the court in charge of video recording would prevent any potential violations of human rights of the parties to a litigation and courtroom observers. As for the matter of broadcast transmission, along with the channels of existing broadcasting companies, the court would be well advised to use its web page or social network services. In addition, for the purpose of successfully establishing a court proceedings broadcasting system, it may help to designate certain courts for carrying out pilot programs, as well as to set up a court broadcasting committee to study and review the policies and rationale for introducing court proceedings broadcasting. The present research proposes the criteria for preconditions, scope and form of broadcasting, method of recording and broadcast transmission so as to assist in determining whether broadcasting court proceedings in lower instances should be approved in the future. Hopefully this research can contribute to making sound policy decisions on broadcasting court proceedings. 현행 재판 중계방송 관련 법령에 의하면 하급심 재판에 대한 중계방송은 공판 또는 변론의 개시 전이나 판결의 선고 시에 한하여 가능하고 공판 또는 변론에 대한 중계방송은 불가능하다. 본 연구보고서에서는 재판 중계방송의 이론적 근거를 검토하고, 해외의 재판 중계방송 사례를 살펴봄으로써 우리나라에서 재판 중계방송의 허용 범위 및 향후 정책판단에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였는데, 해외의 재판 중계방송 사례를 통하여 점차 재판 중계방송을 폭넓게 허용하는 방향으로 나아가는 경향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 정보통신기술의 발달, 사회의 변화에 따른 재판의 복잡화 및 다수당사자 사건의 증가, 재판 중계방송에 대한 설문조사 결과 등을 종합하여, 재판 중계방송을 어떠한 요건 하에서 어느 범위까지 허용함으로써 재판의 절차적 투명성과 공정성을 확보하고 이를 통하여 재판에 대한 국민의 신뢰를 얻을 수 있을 것인가 하는 점에 관하여 논의를 집중하였다. ‘법정 방청 및 촬영 등에 관한 규칙’에 관하여는, 체계 정합성 측면에서 재판장의 허가대상 범위를 확대하되 재판장이 각 사건의 특성에 따라 각 진행단계별로 허가할 수 있는 재량을 부여하고, 국가적으로 중대한 사안에 대한 국민의 알 권리를 보장하고 역사적 기록물을 보존하기 위하여 직권에 의한 재판 중계방송 근거규정을 신설하되, 음성녹음 및 음성방송을 보다 적극적으로 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 재판 중계방송방식에 대하여, 신속한 정보제공의 요청에 부응하면서도 생중계방송할 경우 발생할 수 있는 돌발상황에 적절히 대처하려면 약간의 시차를 두고 지연중계방송하는 방안이 합리적인 대안이 될 수 있다고 보았다. 재판 녹화방식과 관련하여, 법원이 자체적으로 영상녹화를 하는 방안에 의하면 영상녹화 전반에 대한 법원의 관리가 가능하기 때문에 촬영과정에서 재판당사자나 방청인들의 인격권이 침해될 소지를 사전에 예방할 수 있다는 점을 부각하였다. 재판 송출방식에 관하여, 법원으로서는 기존 방송사의 방송채널을 이용해서 재판 중계방송을 송출하는 방식과 병행하여 법원 인터넷 홈페이지나 사회관계망서비스를 활용하여 재판에 대한 동영상을 송출하는 방식을 적극적으로 모색할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조하였다. 그 외에도 하급심 재판 중계방송의 성공적인 정착을 위해서, 시범실시법원 또는 시범실시재판부를 선정하여 시범프로그램을 충분히 운영하고, 사법부 내에 본격적인 재판 중계방송 도입방안을 검토하고 이를 실행하기 위한 ‘법원방송위원회’를 설치하는 방안을 제안하였다. 이와같이 본 연구보고서에서는 하급심 재판 중계방송의 허용 여부에 관한 향후 정책판단에 도움이 될 수 있도록 재판 중계방송을 허용하기 위한 전제조건, 허용범위 및 중계 방식, 재판 녹화 및 송출 방식에 관하여 가능한 범위 내에서 기준을 제시하여 보았다. 이 같은 연구결과가 하급심 재판 중계방송의 허용 여부에 관한 향후 정책판단에 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

재판 중계방송에 관한 연구

염호준 ( Yeom Hojun ),표현덕,서용성 사법정책연구원 2017 연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.13

현행 재판 중계방송 관련 법령에 의하면 하급심 재판에 대한 중계방송은 공판 또는 변론의 개시 전이나 판결의 선고 시에 한하여 가능하고 공판 또는 변론에 대한 중계방송은 불가능하다. 본 연구보고서에서는 재판 중계방송의 이론적 근거를 검토하고, 해외의 재판 중계방송사례를 살펴봄으로써 우리나라에서 재판 중계방송의 허용 범위 및 향후 정책판단에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였는데, 해외의 재판 중계방송 사례를 통하여 점차 재판 중계방송을 폭넓게 허용하는 방향으로 나아가는 경향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 정보통신기술의 발달, 사회의 변화에 따른 재판의 복잡화 및 다수당사자 사건의 증가, 재판 중계방송에 대한 설문조사 결과 등을 종합하여, 재판 중계방송을 어떠한 요건 하에서 어느 범위까지 허용함으로써 재판의 절차적 투명성과 공정성을 확보하고 이를 통하여 재판에 대한 국민의 신뢰를 얻을 수 있을 것인가 하는 점에 관하여 논의를 집중하였다. ‘법정 방청 및 촬영 등에 관한 규칙’에 관하여는, 체계 정합성 측면에서 재판장의 허가대상 범위를 확대하되 재판장이 각 사건의 특성에 따라 각 진행단계별로 허가할 수 있는 재량을 부여하고, 국가적으로 중대한 사안에 대한 국민의 알 권리를 보장하고 역사적 기록물을 보존하기 위하여 직권에 의한 재판 중계방송 근거규정을 신설하되, 음성녹음 및 음성방송을 보다 적극적으로 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 재판 중계방송방식에 대하여, 신속한 정보제공의 요청에 부응하면서도 생중계방송할 경우 발생할 수 있는 돌발상황에 적절히 대처하려면 약간의 시차를 두고 지연중계방송하는 방안이 합리적인 대안이 될 수 있다고 보았다. 재판 녹화방식과 관련하여, 법원이 자체적으로 영상녹화를 하는 방안에 의하면 영상녹화 전반에 대한 법원의 관리가 가능하기 때문에 촬영과정에서 재판당사자나 방청인들의 인격권이 침해될 소지를 사전에 예방할 수 있다는 점을 부각하였다. 재판 송출방식에 관하여, 법원으로서는 기존 방송사의 방송채널을 이용해서 재판 중계방송을 송출하는 방식과 병행하여 법원 인터넷 홈페이지나 사회관계망서비스를 활용하여 재판에 대한 동영상을 송출하는 방식을 적극적으로 모색할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조하였다. 그 외에도 하급심 재판 중계방송의 성공적인 정착을 위해서, 시범실시법원 또는 시범실시 재판부를 선정하여 시범프로그램을 충분히 운영하고, 사법부 내에 본격적인 재판 중계방송 도입방안을 검토하고 이를 실행하기 위한 ‘법원방송위원회’를 설치하는 방안을 제안하였다. 이와같이 본 연구보고서에서는 하급심 재판 중계방송의 허용 여부에 관한 향후 정책판단에 도움이 될 수 있도록 재판 중계방송을 허용하기 위한 전제조건, 허용범위 및 중계 방식, 재판 녹화 및 송출 방식에 관하여 가능한 범위 내에서 기준을 제시하여 보았다. 이 같은 연구결과가 하급심 재판 중계방송의 허용 여부에 관한 향후 정책판단에 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. According to current law and regulations regarding televising and broadcasting court proceedings, broadcasting in lower instances is permitted either before trial or oral arguments, or during sentencing. Therefore it seems to be the case that broadcasting trials and oral arguments is not possible. The objective of the present research was to examine the theoretical underpinnings of broadcasting court proceedings, and study the practices of other jurisdictions in order to consider the implications for determining the scope of trial broadcasting and developing relevant policies in Korea. Research has shown that a growing tendency to gradually permit broadcasting court proceedings in various foreign jurisdictions can be identified. In light of the development of information communications technology, the increasing complexity of court proceedings and rise in multiparty litigation as a consequence of societal changes, and based on responses from judges to a survey on the subject, the present research focuses on the conditions and scope of broadcasting that would allow for procedural transparency and fairness of court proceedings, through which public trust in the judiciary can be restored. The ‘Regulation on Court Observance and Photography’ should be amended to expand the list of events subject to the presiding judge’s approval. Also, depending on the characteristics of a given case the presiding judge should be allowed to exercise more discretion in determining during which stage of the court proceedings to give approval for broadcasting. In cases of special national importance the public’s right to know should be guaranteed and historic documentation preserved. It is recommended that audio recording and broadcasting be made more readily available. With regard to the method of broadcasting court proceedings, it would be rational to time-delay broadcast so as to properly address unexpected events without compromising the need to swiftly provide information. Concerning the method of recording, placing the court in charge of video recording would prevent any potential violations of human rights of the parties to a litigation and courtroom observers. As for the matter of broadcast transmission, along with the channels of existing broadcasting companies, the court would be well advised to use its web page or social network services. In addition, for the purpose of successfully establishing a court proceedings broadcasting system, it may help to designate certain courts for carrying out pilot programs, as well as to set up a court broadcasting committee to study and review the policies and rationale for introducing court proceedings broadcasting. The present research proposes the criteria for preconditions, scope and form of broadcasting, method of recording and broadcast transmission so as to assist in determining whether broadcasting court proceedings in lower instances should be approved in the future. Hopefully this research can contribute to making sound policy decisions on broadcasting court proceedings.

Design and Implementation of Salivary Electrical Stimulator for xerostomia

Lee, Jihyeon,Yeom, Hojun The Institute of Internet 2017 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.6 No.4

After 40 years of age, the saliva glands are aged and the saliva is not made enough to cause xerostomia symptoms. Side effects such as hypertension medication or diuretics that the elderly take mainly can cause xerostomia syndrome. In addition, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, anemia, depression and other common diseases that cause xerostomia symptoms. If the saliva secretion is insufficient, tooth decay and gum disease are likely to occur, and the digestive ability of the saliva is also reduced due to the lack of amylase, which is a digestive element. Once the degenerated salivary gland is restored to its normal state, it is difficult to recover. In this paper, we give electrical stimulation to the masseter which is in contact with the large pituitary gland, and stimulate the salivary gland to the utmost by using speech recognition using words corresponding to oral gymnastics. Use the STM32F407VG to implement a system to relieve xerostomia.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation System for Treating Tinnitus based on the Cortex-M4 Microcontroller

Lee, Jaeung,Yeom, Hojun The Institute of Internet 2016 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.5 No.4

Among the methods of treating tinnitus, the transcutaneous clectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) method of treating by electrical stimulation is common. However, there is a problem that surgical operation is required to stimulate the vagus nerve (VN) main trunk near most of the bronchus. Alternatively, we found that the same effect could be achieved by electrically stimulating the vagus nerve VN branch (Arnold's nerve) distributed in the outer ear. The TENS system for stimulation of vagus nerve has been developed, but it has not been able to implement to stimulate as a parameter optimized for the patient by simultaneously playing the sound of eliminating the tinnitus frequency. Therefore, in this paper, it is important to develop a safe and practical TENS device for tinnitus treatment based on a 32-bit microprocessor that simultaneously applies non-invasive and notched sounds and to develop optimal treatment methods for treating tinnitus.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation System for Treating Tinnitus based on the Cortex-M4 Microcontroller

Jaeung Lee,Hojun Yeom 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2016 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.5 No.4

Among the methods of treating tinnitus, the transcutaneous clectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) method of treating by electrical stimulation is common. However, there is a problem that surgical operation is required to stimulate the vagus nerve (VN) main trunk near most of the bronchus. Alternatively, we found that the same effect could be achieved by electrically stimulating the vagus nerve VN branch (Arnold's nerve) distributed in the outer ear. The TENS system for stimulation of vagus nerve has been developed, but it has not been able to implement to stimulate as a parameter optimized for the patient by simultaneously playing the sound of eliminating the tinnitus frequency. Therefore, in this paper, it is important to develop a safe and practical TENS device for tinnitus treatment based on a 32-bit microprocessor that simultaneously applies non-invasive and notched sounds and to develop optimal treatment methods for treating tinnitus.

Design and Implementation of Salivary Electrical Stimulator for xerostomia

Jihyeon Lee,Hojun Yeom 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2017 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.6 No.4

After 40 years of age, the saliva glands are aged and the saliva is not made enough to cause xerostomia symptoms. Side effects such as hypertension medication or diuretics that the elderly take mainly can cause xerostomia syndrome. In addition, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, anemia, depression and other common diseases that cause xerostomia symptoms. If the saliva secretion is insufficient, tooth decay and gum disease are likely to occur, and the digestive ability of the saliva is also reduced due to the lack of amylase, which is a digestive element. Once the degenerated salivary gland is restored to its normal state, it is difficult to recover. In this paper, we give electrical stimulation to the masseter which is in contact with the large pituitary gland, and stimulate the salivary gland to the utmost by using speech recognition using words corresponding to oral gymnastics. Use the STM32F407VG to implement a system to relieve xerostomia.