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Suppressive Effects of Dihydroxyanthraquinone Derivatives against Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.6
Inhibitory effects of Cassia tora seed-derived materials against nitric oxide (NO) production were determined via evaluation of NO production. Inhibitory effects of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,5-dibydroxyanthraquinone against NO production were 71.5 and 61.1% at $5\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. The suppressive effects of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone completely blocked iNOS protein expression at $20\;{\mu}M$.
Lee, Chi-Hoon,Jeon, Ju-Hyun,Lee, Sang-Guei,Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.4
This study examined the insecticidal effects of Sebastiania corniculata materials against Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera. Based on the lethal $dose_{50}$ ($LD_{50}$) values, the chloroform fraction of S. corniculata showed the most potential activity against L. striatellus ($1.09\;{\mu}g$/female), N. lugens ($4.46\;{\mu}g$/female), and S. furcifera ($2.32\;{\mu}g$/female). Therefore, we purified the active component of the chloroform fraction, using various chromatographies, and identified it as 8-hydroxyquinoline. To establish the structure-activity relationships, we tested 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives against the 3 planthopper species. Based on 48 h $LD_{50}$ values, isoquinoline and 6-methoxyquinoline were the most effective against the 3 species. 8-Hydroxyquinoline, 4-methylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, and 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline showed high insecticidal effects. These results indicate that changing the nitrogen atom's position in quinoline's pyridine ring plays an important role in the insecticidal effects. We found a high correlation between the introduction of a functional group into the quinoline structure and toxicity against the 3 planthoppers. Our results indicate these insecticidal effects seem to require quinoline derivatives containing hydroxyl ($R_4$ position), methyl ($R_2$ and $R_3$ position), and methoxy ($R_3$ position) groups and a structural isomer of quinoline and suggest that these derivatives may be useful as new preventative agents against the damage caused by a wide range of pests in rice farming areas.
Lee, Chi-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Guei,Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.2
Acaricidal activities of Thymus vulgaris leaf-derived materials were examined using a fumigant and filter paper bioassay and compared to those of monoterpene alcohols and the synthetic acaricide, benzyl benzoate. In the fumigant bioassay, the $LD_{50}$ value of the T. vulgaris oil was 3.1 and 3.7 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. Active constituent of T. vulgaris leaves was purified by various chromatographies and identified as carvacrol by various spectra. When the relative toxicity against Dermatophagoides spp. was measured using a fumigant and filter paper bioassay, carvacrol was 4.1 to 8.0-fold more toxic than benzyl benzoate, but less toxic than $\beta$-citronellol. Specifically, in case of acaricidal activity of $\beta$-citronellol was 32.2 to 63.1-fold higher than that of benzyl benzoate against Dermatophagoides spp. Taken as a whole, the filter paper bioassay with all tested compounds leading to more effective acaricidal activity than the fumigant bioassay. In addition, the results of this study revealed that carvacrol and the two monoterpene alcohols ($\beta$-citronellol and borneol) were generally higher than those of commercial acaricides such as benzyl benzoate against the two mite species. These results indicate that carvacrol, $\beta$-citronellol, and borneol could be useful as a new preventive agent against damage caused by arthropod pests.
Lee, Hoi-Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.5
The inhibitory effects of components derived from Cinnamomum cassia leaf on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells and on expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were determined and compared to those of three commercially available components. Spectral analysis characterized the active constituent of this C. cassia extract as cinnamyl alcohol. The inhibitory effects varied with both chemical and concentration used. Cinnamyl alcohol showed inhibitory effects on NO production of 62.5%, 41.8%, and 22.1% at 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 ${\mu}g/{\mu}L$, respectively. However, little or no inhibitory effect was observed for cedrene, cinnamic acid, copaene, eugenol, and limonene. Suppression effects of cinnamyl alcohol on iNOS expression were revealed by Western blot analysis. As a naturally occurring therapeutic agent, cinnamyl alcohol could be useful for developing new types of NO inhibitors.