Access to Anti-smoking Information among School Children and its Potential Impact on Preventing Smoking Initiation: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYTS) 2014 in Viet Nam

Hoang, Van Minh,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Trinh, Dinh Hoang,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Thuy Linh,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Scientific evidence on all aspects of smoking amongst youth is very important for designing appropriate interventions to reduce smoking among this vulnerable population. This paper describes current access to anti-smoking information among school children aged 13 to 15 years in Vietnam in 2014 and examines its potential impact on preventing smoking initiation. The data used in this paper were obtained from the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Vietnam. Students were asked questions about their level of awareness of anti-smoking information from various sources in the past 30 days and about lessons in school regarding the dangers of tobacco use during the last 12 months. Those who have never smoked were asked "whether or not they thought about avoiding cigarettes because of health warnings on cigarette packages" and answers were analyzed in combination with data on access to anti-smoking information from other sources. The prevalence of exposure to antismoking campaigns was high among school children in Viet Nam: 55.3% of current smokers reported thoughts of smoking cessation because of health warnings on cigarette packages; 60.5% of never smokers avoided initiating smoking because of the same health warnings. The potential impact of graphic health warnings to prevent school-aged children from smoking initiation would be stronger if there was concurrent access to anti-smoking programs on the dangers of tobacco use in schools. However, school education for tobacco prevention and control has not been as strong as expected. A more comprehensive school curriculum on tobacco prevention and control is recommended to reinforce antismoking messages among school children.

Disclosure of Environmental Information by Manufacturing Firms Listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE)

Duong,Hoang Ngoc Khue,Nguyen,Thi Ngoc Oanh 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

This purpose of the study is to evaluate the level of the environmental information disclosures by manufacturing firms which practices the annual reports in accordance with the circular 155/BTC, circular on guidelines for information disclosure on securities market. A model including 16 indexes based on the Circular 155/BTC was used to measure the level of environmental information disclosure. The study has been conducted on the sample of 40 manufacturing firms listed on HOSE and 120 annual reports from year 2014 to 2016 have been used for the study. The findings show that (i) There was an increase in the level of environmental disclosures from 2014 to 2016, and (ii) The extent of environment information disclosure in 2016 is just under average (36.87%). Through the findings several implications are suggested to enhance the level of the environmental information disclosure of firms listed on HOSE.

Methodology for the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYST), Vietnam, 2014

Kim, Bao Giang,Hoang, Van Minh,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Thuy Linh,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga,Luu, Ngoc Hoat Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Viet Nam is a country with the highest rate of adult male smokers in the world. In 2010, the percentage of adult male smokers was 47.4%. Each year in Viet Nam, there are 40,000 lives lost from tobacco-related diseases. The Global Tobacco Youth Survey is an international standardized survey that has been conducted in more than 140 countries. To provide evidence for tobacco control, Viet Nam already conducted two rounds of GYTS in 2003 and 2007. The GYTS in 2014 is the survey's third iteration. This paper aims to document key methodological details and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents included in the 2014 GYTS in Viet Nam. This survey followed international protocol and was conducted in 13 provinces representative of 6 geographical regions. A total of 3,430 school children, aged 13 to 15 years used a standardized answer sheet to answer 76 questions about seven tobacco-related topics, including prevalence of tobacco use, environmental tobacco smoke, access and availability, media and advertisement, cessation, knowledge and attitudes, tobacco-related school curriculum. This GYTS provides valid and reliable data for monitoring tobacco use among youth in Vietnam and is recommended to be regularly repeated.

Potential Air Emission Sources and Modelling the Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City for Policy Making and Awareness Creation using Machine Learning

Bang Quoc Ho,Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu,Thoai Tam Nguyen,Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen,Ricardo Simon Carbajo,Quan Le,Rajnish Rakholia 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Air in Ho Chi Minh city is polluted by PM2.5 (particle matter with the diameter is less than 2.5 μm, so-called PM2.5), O₃, CO, NO₂ and TSP which greatly affects public health. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) had 8,640,000 inhabitants with a total of 7,339,552 motorcycles and 637,323 automobiles. There are about 2,807 factories releasing air emission, 2,061,957 household and 5,096 restaurants in the city. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate causes of air pollution and the impacts of air pollution level to public health in this city. The aim of this study is to: (i) Application EMISENS model and other tools to calculate air emission in HCMC and (ii) Modelling the Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City for Policy Making and Awareness Creation using Machine Learning. The results showed that comprehensive EI and GHG over HCMC in 2019 was conducted in this project by following the top-down and bottom-up approaches and IPCC-2006 methodology. The estimation of the emission of different types of sources including line, point, area, and the biogenic source was conducted. Traffic sources accounted for the largest emissions for almost all pollutants. Motorcycles were the dominant emission source of all pollutants for on-road sources, accounting for 35.3%, 91.4%, 65.4%, 70.4%, 99.4% and 79.9% of the total line sources emissions for NOx, CO, SOx, NMVOC, CH₄ and PM2.5, respectively. Industrial activities contributed the highest emission of PM2.5 about 39.7% of the total of PM2.5 in HCMC in 2019. The area sources accounted for 38.9% of TSP and 23.5% of PM2.5 in HCMC, whereas, others were negligible sources. Biogenic sources, particularly from greenery, agriculture, mangroves, etc. of the HCMC emitted 4.6% of total NMVOC emissions of the whole city. Motorcycles contributed the highest emission of PM2.5 for all single sources of emission in HCMC. For PM2.5, motorbikes contribute 24.5% of HCMC"s total PM2.5 emissions, Households, Textiles, Metal Production, Food, Restaurants, Seaports, Manufacturing Paper respectively is 15.1, 10.0, 9.1, 6.8, 6.7, 5.8 and 3.8, respectively. With SO₂, motorcycles, Thermo-electricity, Seaports, Textile, Cars, Food, Metal production and HDVs contribute 24.6, 20.7, 11.7, 8.6, 6.6, 5.5, 5.0 and 3.8% of total SO₂ emission of HCMC. Study also develop air quality automatically monitoring network and install 6 air quality stations around HCMC, then apply Machine Learning to analysis/extrapolate hourly air quality data for HCMC, then modeling the the Impact of air Pollution on hospital admission in HCMC. The 13 measure to reduce air pollutants should be based on this detailed EI emission.

Trends in Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Levels at Home among Viet Nam School Children Aged 13-15 and Associated Factors

Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga,Hoang, Van Minh,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Nguyen, Thuy Linh,Duong, Khanh Van,Luong, Ngoc Khue Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home, especially among children, is a serious issue in Viet Nam. During the past decade, much effort has been taken for tobacco control in the country, including various prgorammes aiming to reduce SHS exposure among adults and children. This article analysed trends and factors associated with SHS exposure at home among school children aged 13-15 in Viet Nam, using the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 2007 and 2014. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods with logistic regression were applied. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the level of exposure, from 58.5% (95%CI: 57.6-59.3) in 2007 to 47.1% (95%CI: 45.4-48.8) in 2014. Of the associated factors, having one or both parents smoking was significantly associated with the highest odds of SHS exposure at home (OR=5.0; 95%CI: 4.2-6.1). Conversely, having a mother with a college or higher education level was found to be a protective factor (OR=0.5; 95%CI: 0.3-0.8).

Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam and Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking: Results from GYTS 2014 Data

Le, Thi Huong,Nga, Thi Thu Vu,Nguyen, Ngoc Dung,Le, Thi Thanh Xuan,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Hoang, Van Minh,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.

Knowledge and Attitude Towards Tobacco Smoking among 13-15 Year-Old School Children in Viet Nam - Findings from GYTS 2014

Nguyen, Thanh Huong,Nguyen, Trung Kien,Kim, Bao Giang,Hoang, Van Minh,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Thuy Linh,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Studies have shown that smoking is a learnt behavior, often initiated during adolescence. This paper aims to describe tobacco-related knowledge, attitude and associations among school adolescents aged 13-15 with exposure to anti-smoking information. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Viet Nam, 2014, knowledge was measured through 4 questions about tobacco use, and attitude was assessed through 3 questions on personal, social and environmental aspects. Students giving most anti-tobacco responses to all questions were considered as having correct knowledge or appropriate attitude or both. Access to anti-smoking information was determined by exposure to any media messages on tobacco control during the past 30 days and teaching in school about the danger of tobacco use during the past 12 months. A substantial percentage of students thought that being near others who smoke might be harmful to them and smoking is harmful to health (89.4% and 89.6% respectively). However, only 46.4% reported that it is definitely difficult to quit smoking and 66.9% thought that smoking for only 1 or 2 years, once stopped, is harmful to health. Slightly more than half of the respondents reported appropriate attitude that young smokers have fewer friends than others and smoking makes them less attractive and less comfortable at social events. Noticing anti-smoking messages in the media together with having lessons in school about the dangers of tobacco substantially increased the likelihood of having correct knowledge, appropriate attitude and both. Despite relatively high awareness about smoking harms, effective educational communication is still highly needed to improve the level of comprehensive knowledge and an appropriate attitude regarding tobacco use.

Tobacco Access and Availability for Vietnamese School Children (aged 13-15): Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYTS) 2014 in Viet Nam

Le, Thi Kim Anh,Bui, Thi Tu Quyen,Hoang, Van Minh,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Efforts to reduce tobacco use among school children need to be based on understanding of access to cigarettes by these subjects because previous studies indicated that enforcement of laws for controlling tobacco sales seems to not affect teen/school children because they can obtain cigarettes from different sources. This paper aims to describe access to and availability of cigarettes among school students (aged 13-15 years old) according to the data from GYTS Vietnam 2014. In GYTS, a national school-based survey of students of grades 8-10, our findings showed that about 15% school children are current smokers who smoke at home, and that they could easily buy cigarettes from stores (63.2%), or someone else (27.8%), or street vendors (9%). Notably, over 85% of school children answered that they were not refused because of their age. This high percentage was nearly the same in the North (85.7%), the Centre (92.5%), and the South (89.7%) of Viet Nam. These findings show that it is quite easy for school children to obtain cigarettes and this is a crucial challenge for policy makers aiming to reduce tobacco use among youth in general and school-age students in particular.

Outcomes of laparoscopic choledochotomy using cholangioscopy via percutaneous-choledochal tube for the treatment of hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis: A preliminary Vietnamese study

Loi Van Le,Quang Van Vu,Thanh Van Le,Hieu Trung Le,Khue Kim Dang,Tuan Ngoc Vu,Anh Hoang Ngoc Nguyen,Thang Manh Tran 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: Hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis are frequent pathologies and unfortunately, with the current treatment strategies, the recurrence incidence is still high. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic choledochotomy using cholangioscopy via the percutaneous-choledochal tube for the treatment of hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in Vietnamese patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy using intraoperative cholangioscopy via percutaneous-choledochal tube at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, 108 Military Central Hospital, from June 2017 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were analyzed. Most patients were females (56.0%) with a median age of 55.56 years. Among them, 41.8% of patients had previous abdominal operations, with 33.4% having choledochotomy. All patients underwent successful laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by T-tube drainage without needing to convert to open surgery. Most patients (64.3%) had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic stones. The rate of stones ≥ 10 mm in diameter was 64.3%. Biliary strictures were observed in 19.1% of patients during cholangioscopy. Complete removal of stones was achieved in 54.8% of patients. Intraoperative complications were encountered in two patients, but there was no need to change the strategy. The mean operating time was 121.85 ± 30.47 minutes. The early postoperative complication rate was 9.6%, and all patients were managed conservatively. The residual stones were removed through the T-tube tract by subsequent choledochoscopy in 34/38 patients, so the total success rate was 95.2%. Conclusions: Laparoscopic choledochotomy combined with cholangioscopy through the percutaneous-choledochal tube is a safe and effective strategy for hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis, even in patients with a previous choledochotomy.

Exposure to Tobacco Advertising and Promotion among School Children Aged 13-15 in Vietnam - an Overview from GYTS 2014

Tran, Khanh Long,Phung, Xuan Son,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thi Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Hoang, Van Minh,Le, Thi Thanh Huong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Evidence shows that tobacco advertising and promotion activities may increase tobacco consumption and usage, especially in youth. Despite the regulation on prohibiting advertisement of any tobacco product, tobacco advertisement and promotion activities are still common in Vietnam. This article presents current exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion (TAP) among school children aged 13 to 15 years in Vietnam in 2014 and potential influencing factors. Data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014 in Vietnam covering 3,430 school aged children were used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out with Stata 13 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was applied to explain the exposure to TAP among youth and examine relationships with individual factors. A significance level of p<0.05 and sampling weights were used in all of the computations. In the past 30 days, 48.6% of the students experienced exposure to at least 1 type of tobacco advertising or promotion. Wearing or otherwise using products related to tobacco was the most exposure TAP type reported by students (22.3%). The internet (22.1), points of sales (19.2) and social events (11.5) were three places that students aged 13-15 frequently were exposed to TAP. Binary logistic results showed that gender (female vs male) (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.52 - 0.71), susceptibility to smoking (OR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.53 - 2.92), closest friends' smoked (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.2 - 1.7) and parents smoking status (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.6 - 5.01) were significantly associated with TAP exposure among school-aged children. The research findings should contribute to effective implementation of measures for preventing and controlling tobacco use among students aged 13-15 in Viet Nam.