Efficient Heuristics for Flowshop Scheduling for Minimizing the Makespan and Total Flowtime of Jobs

Hirakawa, Yasuhiro,Ishigaki, Aya Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.2

The problem of scheduling in permutation flowshops has been extensively investigated by many researchers. Recently, attempts are being made to consider more than one objective simultaneously and develop algorithms to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. Varadharajan et al. (2005) presented a multi-objective simulated-annealing algorithm (MOSA) for the problem of permutation-flowshop scheduling with the objectives of minimizing the makespan and the total flowtime of jobs. The MOSA uses two initial sequences obtained using heuristics, and seeks to obtain non-dominated solutions through the implementation of a probability function, which probabilistically selects the objective of minimizing either the makespan or the total flowtime of jobs. In this paper, the same problem of heuristically developing non-dominated sequences is considered. We propose an effective heuristics based on simulated annealing (SA), in which the weighted sum of the makespan and the total flowtime is used. The essences of the heuristics are in selecting the initial sequence, setting the weight and generating a solution in the search process. Using a benchmark problem provided by Taillard (1993), which was used in the MOSA, these conditions are extracted in a large-scale experiment. The non-dominated sets obtained from the existing algorithms and the proposed heuristics are compared. It was found that the proposed heuristics drastically improved the performance of finding the non-dominated frontier.

Photodamage to Double-stranded DNA by Xanthone Analogues Increases Exponentially with Their HOMO Energies

Hirakawa, Kazutaka,Yoshida, Mami,Oikawa, Shinji,Kawanishi, Shosuke Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2

DNA photodamage mediated by photosensitizers are believed to play an important role in solar UVA carcinogenesis. We investigated the relationship between the DNA-damaging abilities of photoexcited xanthone analogues (as photosensitizers) and their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies. DNA damage was examined using /sup 32/P-labeled DNA fragments obtained from the p53 tumor suppressor gene. These compounds induced DNA photodamage in a similar manner, and the extents of DNA damage were following order: xanthone> thioxanthone > acridone. Photoexcited xanthone caused nucleobase oxidation specifically at 5'-G of GG sequence in double-stranded DNA. An oxidative product of 2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), was detected, and the amount was decreased by DNA denaturation. These findings suggest that photoexcited xanthone generates 8-OHdG at 5'-G of GG in double-stranded DNA through electron transfer. The calculated HOMO energies of these photosensitizers decreased in the following order: xanthone> thioxanthone > acridone. This study has demonstrated that DNA-damaging abilities of these photosensitizers increased exponentially with an increase in their HOMO energies.

Experimental determination of transient structure-borne sound power from heavy impact sources on heavyweight floors with floating floors using an inverse form of transient statistical energy analysis

Hirakawa, Susumu,Hopkins, Carl Elsevier 2018 Applied acoustics Vol.140 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For heavy impacts on floors in heavyweight buildings, prediction models are needed at the design stage to estimate the spatial-average Fast time-weighted maximum sound pressure level in the receiving room. This paper extends previous work using Transient Statistical Energy Analysis (TSEA) in heavyweight buildings by introducing an inverse form of TSEA (ITSEA) to determine the transient structure-borne sound power input from heavy impact sources into a heavyweight base floor with a floating floor. The difference in the power input with and without a floating floor gives a correction factor that can be used to modify the power input into the base floor. This allows the effect of the floating floor to be incorporated in a TSEA model of a heavyweight building. ITSEA is initially validated with heavy impacts from a rubber ball directly onto a concrete base floor and with small, locally reacting, mass-spring systems. Laboratory experiments are then used to quantify the transient structure-borne sound power input into a full-size concrete base floor when a heavy impact is applied to the base floor, and to the base floor with a full-size Ondol floating floor. The resulting TSEA model shows close agreement with the predicted change in the Fast time-weighted maximum sound pressure level due to the floating floor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Quantification of transient structure-borne sound power from heavy impacts. </LI> <LI> Allows floating floors to be incorporated in TSEA models of heavyweight buildings. </LI> <LI> Experimental procedures proposed using Inverse form of TSEA. </LI> <LI> Experimental validation with mass-spring systems and a floating floor. </LI> </UL> </P>

Performance-based Design of 300 m Vertical City "ABENO HARUKAS"

Hirakawa, Kiyoaki,Saburi, Kazuhiro,Kushima, Souichirou,Kojima, Kazutaka Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2014 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.3 No.1

In designing a 300 meter high skyscraper expected to be the tallest building in Japan, an earthquake-ridden country, we launched on the full-scale performance based design to ensure redundancy and establish new specifications using below new techniques. The following new techniques are applied because the existing techniques/materials are not enough to meet the established design criteria for the large-scale, irregularly-shaped building, and earth-conscious material saving and construction streamlining for reconstructing a station building are also required: ${\bullet}$ High strength materials: Concrete filled steel tube ("CFT") columns made of high-strength concrete and steels; ${\bullet}$ New joint system: Combination of outer diaphragm and aluminium spray jointing; ${\bullet}$ Various dampers including corrugated steel-plate walls, rotational friction dampers, oil dampers, and inverted-pendulum adaptive tuned mass damper (ATMD): Installed as appropriate; and ${\bullet}$ Foundation system: Piled raft foundation, soil cement earth-retaining wall construction, and beer bottle shaped high-strength CFT piles.

Relaxation Process of the Photoexcited State and Singlet Oxygen Generating Activity of Water-soluble meso-Phenanthrylporphyrin in a DNA Microenvironment

Hirakawa, Kazutaka,Ito, Yusuke,Yamada, Takashi,Okazaki, Shigetoshi Korean Society of Photoscience 2014 Rapid communication in photoscience Vol.3 No.4

To examine the microenvironmental effect of DNA on the photosensitized reaction, the electron-donor-connecting porphyrin, meso-(9-phenanthryl)-tris(N-methyl-p-pyridinio) porphyrin (Phen-TMPyP), was synthesized. Phen-TMPyP can bind to oligonucleotides with two binding modes, depending on the DNA concentration. The fluorescence lifetime measurement of Phen-TMPyP shows a shorter component than that of the reference porphyrin without the phenanthryl moiety. However, the observed value is much longer than those of previously reported similar types of electron-donor-connecting porphyrins, suggesting that electron-transfer quenching by the phenanthryl moiety is not sufficient. The fluorescence quantum yield of Phen-TMPyP ($5{\mu}M$) decreased with an increase in DNA concentration of up to $5{\mu}M$ base pair (bp), possibly due to self-quenching through an aggregation along the DNA strand, increased with an increase in DNA concentration of more than $5{\mu}M$ bp and reached a plateau. The fluorescence quantum yield of Phen-TMPyP with a sufficient concentration of DNA was larger than that of the reference porphyrin. The singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$) generating activity of Phen-TMPyP was confirmed by the near-infrared emission spectrum measurement. The quantum yield of $^1O_2$ generation was decreased by a relatively small concentration of DNA, possibly due to the aggregation of Phen-TMPyP, and recovered with a sufficient concentration of DNA. The recovered quantum yield was rather smaller than that without DNA, indicating the quenching of $^1O_2$ by DNA. These results show that a DNA strand can stabilize the photoexcited state of a photosensitizer and, in a certain case, suppresses the $^1O_2$ generation.

Photochemical Property and Photodynamic Activity of Tetrakis(2-naphthyl) Porphyrin Phosphorus(V) Complex

Hirakawa, Kazutaka,Aoki, Shunsuke,Ueda, Hiroyuki,Ouyang, Dongyan,Okazaki, Shigetoshi Korean Society of Photoscience 2015 Rapid communication in photoscience Vol.4 No.2

To examine the photosensitized biomolecules damaging activity, dimethoxyP(V)tetrakis(2-naphthyl)porphyrin (NP) and dimethoxyP(V)tetraphenylporphyrin (PP) were synthesized. The naphthyl moiety of NP hardly deactivated the photoexcited P(V)porphyrin ring in ethanol. In aqueous solution, the naphthyl moiety showed the quenching effect on the photoexcited porphyrin ring, possibly through electron transfer and self-quenching by a molecular association. Binding interaction between human serum albumin (HSA), a water soluble protein, and these porphyrins could be confirmed by the absorption spectral change. The apparent association constant of NP was larger than that of PP. It is explained by that more hydrophobic NP can easily bind into the hydrophobic pockets of HSA. The photoexcited PP effectively induced damage of the tryptophan residue of HSA, through electron transfer-mediated oxidation and singlet oxygen generation. NP also induced HSA damage during photo-irradiation and the contributions of the electron transfer and singlet oxygen mechanisms were speculated. The electron transfer-mediated mechanism to the photosensitized protein damage should be advantageous for photodynamic therapy in hypoxic condition. The quantum yield of the HSA photodamage by PP was significantly larger than that of NP. The quenching effect of the naphthyl moiety is considered to suppress the photosensitized protein damage. In conclusion, the naphthalene substitution to the P(V)porphyrins can enhance the binding interaction with hydrophobic biomacromolecules such as protein, however, this substitution may reduce the photodynamic effect of P(V)porphyrin ring in aqueous media.

Testing Dataflow Switching Programs and Evaluating the Productivity

Tooru Hirakawa,Yoshikatsu Inokuma,Yukihito Maejima 대한전자공학회 1990 JC-CNSS : Joint Conference on Communications, Netw Vol.3 No.-

Low Cost PLD with High Speed Partial Reconfiguration

Naoki Hirakawa,Masanori Yoshihara,Masayuki Sato,Kazuya Tanigawa,Tetsuo Hironaka 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7

Recently, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been used for implementing various types of logic functions. But the conventional FPGAs have the following problems. The conventional FPGAs include switch matrixes for programmable connection, but the switch matrix occupies a significantly large area of the FPGA. As another problem, the configuration speed is slow because of the serial configuration method. To resolve these problems, we proposed MPLD as a new Programmable Logic Device (PLD) architecture which introduce MLUT instead of the conventional LUT. In MPLD each MLUT can be used as a combination logic, memory and switch matrix, on the demand of the mapped circuit. The merits of MPLD are the following. 1) MPLD can behave as both the reconfigurable device and the conventional parallel memory. 2) Implementing cost of MPLD is cheaper than the conventional FPGAs, because MPLD does not need switch matrixes as the conventional FPGA does. 3) The configuration speed is fast and partial configuration is easy because configuration method of MPLD is same as write access of the conventional parallel memory. In this paper, we present the MPLD architecture and its evaluation results of the prototype MPLD chip.

Molecular Self-assembly of P450 with Ferredoxin and Ferredoxin Reductase by Fusion to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Hidehiko Hirakawa,Teruyuki Nagamune 한국생물공학회 2010 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.10

Efficient Heuristics for Flowshop Scheduling for Minimizing the Makespan and Total Flowtime of Jobs

Yasuhiro Hirakawa,Aya Ishigaki 대한산업공학회 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.2

The problem of scheduling in permutation flowshops has been extensively investigated by many researchers. Recently, attempts are being made to consider more than one objective simultaneously and develop algorithms to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. Varadharajan et al. (2005) presented a multi-objective simulated-annealing algorithm (MOSA) for the problem of permutation-flowshop scheduling with the objectives of minimizing the makespan and the total flowtime of jobs. The MOSA uses two initial sequences obtained using heuristics, and seeks to obtain non-dominated solutions through the implementation of a probability function, which probabilistically selects the objective of minimizing either the makespan or the total flowtime of jobs. In this paper, the same problem of heuristically developing non-dominated sequences is considered. We propose an effective heuristics based on simulated annealing (SA), in which the weighted sum of the makespan and the total flowtime is used. The essences of the heuristics are in selecting the initial sequence, setting the weight and generating a solution in the search process. Using a benchmark problem provided by Taillard (1993), which was used in the MOSA, these conditions are extracted in a large-scale experiment. The non-dominated sets obtained from the existing algorithms and the proposed heuristics are compared. It was found that the proposed heuristics drastically improved the performance of finding the non-dominated frontier.