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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Hilpert, R. (검색결과 4 건)
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A Comparison of German and Korean Division: Analogies and Differences
Hanns Günther Hilpert 통일연구원 2010 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.19 No.1
The comparative analysis shows striking similarities in the post-war security situations of Germany and Korea, simultaneously leading to artificial separation and the deep-freezing of the division into cold war confrontation. Once division was established, two different systems and mentalities developed. In the end, both the GDR and the DPRK thoroughly failed economically. But although Korean division has endured until now, the situation in the Korean peninsula still looks very much like the German situation of the 1980s. Once the artificial inner Korean border falls, North-South migration is bound to occur, and the ROK will face similar political and economic challenges as the FRG did in 1990. More revealing than the similarities are the regional and national differences, however, which may explain why unification took place in Germany, but not in Korea. Both the mutual trust built up over nearly 20 years of détente and the FRG’s deep Western multilateral integration were preconditions and facilitators in the process of reunification. The differences also imply that unification will be much more difficult for Korea, since the DPRK is in absolute and relative terms much poorer and larger.
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TREATMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE AND WASTES FOR ULTIMATE DISPOSAL - Review -
Winter, J.,Hilpert, R.,Schmitz, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.2
Sources of organic waste materials for aerobic and/or anaerobic degradation, or for composting of solid wastes in Germany were estimated. The basic microbiology and the energetics of these processes were compared with special emphasis on anaerobic degradation, for which a general degradation scheme of carbohydrates is presented. Advantages of anaerobic over aerobic treatment processes are pointed out and conditions for maintaining a highly stable anaerobic process as well as producing a sanitized, hygienic product are discussed. Reactor systems suitable for efficient treatment of wastes with a high or low proportion of suspended solids are principally compared and results of laboratory studies on the degradation of several wastes and animal manures summarized. Finally, a piggery slurry treatment factory for an ultimate slurry processing to obtain a dry fertilizer and a harmless, disposable liquid, as it is in operation in Helmond/Holland, is presented and preliminary process data are presented.
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Vaporization and Diffusion Studies on the Stability of Doped Lanthanum Gallates
Stanislowski, M.,Peck, D.-H.,Woo, S.-K.,Singheiser, L.,Hilpert, K.,Schulz, O.,Martin, M. WILEY-VCH 2006 FUEL CELLS -WEINHEIM- Vol.6 No.3
<P>Vaporization and diffusion determine the stability of doped lanthanum gallates under SOFC operating conditions. Systematic vaporization studies of Ga and other elements were carried out using the vapor transpiration method. It was shown that the Ga vaporization is controlled by diffusion from the bulk to the surface. Diffusion coefficients D<SUB>Ga</SUB> and vaporization coefficients &agr;<SUB>Ga</SUB> were determined by fitting the measured vaporization data to a vaporization model. Secondary phases formed as a result of the vaporization were detected. The influence of different doping levels of Sr, Mg and Fe on the Ga vaporization was elucidated. Moreover, cation self-diffusion of <SUP>139</SUP>La, <SUP>84</SUP>Sr and <SUP>25</SUP>Mg as well as cation impurity diffusion of <SUP>144</SUP>Nd, <SUP>89</SUP>Y and <SUP>56</SUP>Fe in polycrystalline samples of doped lanthanum gallate were directly determined for the composition La<SUB>0.9</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.1</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.9</SUB>Mg<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2.9</SUB> as an example, from diffusion profiles determined by SIMS. It was found that diffusion occurs by means of bulk and grain boundaries. The bulk diffusion coefficients are similar for all cations with activation energies which are strongly dependent on temperature. The results are explained by a frozen-in defect structure at low temperatures in the ABO<SUB>3</SUB> perovskite lattice and by proposing a defect cluster containing cation vacancies in the A and B sublattices, as well as oxygen vacancies.</P>
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