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Investigation of Pyrolyzed Polyimide Thin Film as MEMS Material
Naka, Keisuke,Nagae, Hideki,Ichiyanagi, Masao,Jeong, Ok-Chan,Konishi, Satoshi The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2005 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.5 No.1
Pyrolyzed polyimide is explored in terms of MEMS material. This paper describes chemical, electrical, mechanical properties of pyrolyzed polyimide (PIX-1400) thin film as MEMS material. When polyimide thin film was pyrolyzed at $800^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes in $N_{2}$ ambient, the residual ratio of pyrolyzed film thickness measured with a surface profiler is about 49 %, and the resistivity is about $2.17{\times}10^{-2}\;{Omega}cm$. From the result of the load-deflection test, the estimated Young's modulus and initial average stress of pyrolyzed polyimide are 67 GPa and 30 MPa, respectively. As one demonstration of MEMS structures of pyrolyzed polyimide, the fabrication method of the microbridge structure is proposed for a micro heater and a resonator.
Investigation of Pyrolyzed Polyimide Thin Film as MEMS Material
Keisuke Naka,Hideki Nagae,Masao Ichiyanagi,Ok Chan Jeong,Satoshi Konishi 대한전자공학회 2005 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.5 No.1
Pyrolyzed polyimide is explored in terms of MEMS material. This paper describes chemical, electrical, mechanical properties of pyrolyzed polyimide (PIX-1400) thin film as MEMS material. When polyimide thin film was pyrolyzed at 800 oC for 60 minutes in N2 ambient, the residual ratio of pyrolyzed film thickness measured with a surface profiler is about 49 %, and the resistivity is about 2.17×10-2 Ωcm. From the result of the load-deflection test, the estimated Young’s modulus and initial average stress of pyrolyzed polyimide are 67 GPa and 30 MPa, respectively. As one demonstration of MEMS structures of pyrolyzed polyimide, the fabrication method of the microbridge structure is proposed for a micro heater and a resonator.
Risk Factors for Complications after Reconstructive Surgery for Sternal Wound Infection
Hashimoto, Ichiro,Takaku, Mitsuru,Matsuo, Shinji,Abe, Yoshiro,Harada, Hiroshi,Nagae, Hiroaki,Fujioka, Yusuke,Anraku, Kuniaki,Inagawa, Kiichi,Nakanishi, Hideki Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3
Background Although the utility of flaps for the treatment of sternal wound infections following median sternotomy has been reported for 30 years, there have been few reports on the risk factors for complications after reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to identify factors related to complications after the reconstruction of sternal wound infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with reconstructive surgery after sternal wound infection over a 5-year period was performed. Clinical data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, bacterial culture, previous cardiac surgery, wound depth, mortality rate, type of reconstructive procedure, and complication rate were collected. Results The patients' BMI ranged from 15.2 to $33.6kg/m^2$ (mean, $23.1{\pm}3.74kg/m^2$). Wound closure complications after reconstructive surgery were observed in 36.5% of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Diabetes mellitus significantly affected the rate of wound closure complications (P=0.041). A significant difference in the number of complications was seen between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (P=0.011). There was a correlation between harvesting of the internal thoracic artery and postoperative complications (P=0.048). The complication rates of the pectoralis major flap, rectus abdominis flap, omentum flap, a combination of pectoralis major flap and rectus abdominis flap, and direct closure were 23.3%, 33.3%, 100%, 37.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus, S. aureus, harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, and omentum flap were significant factors for complications after reconstruction. The omentum flap volume may be related to the complications associated with the omentum flap transfer in the present study.
Risk Factors for Complications after Reconstructive Surgery for Sternal Wound Infection
Ichiro Hashimoto,Mitsuru Takaku,Shinji Matsuo,Yoshiro Abe,Hiroshi Harada,Hiroaki Nagae,Yusuke Fujioka,Kuniaki Anraku,Kiichi Inagawa,Hideki Nakanishi 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3
Background: Although the utility of flaps for the treatment of sternal wound infections following median sternotomy has been reported for 30 years, there have been few reports on the risk factors for complications after reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to identify factors related to complications after the reconstruction of sternal wound infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with reconstructive surgery after sternal wound infection over a 5-year period was performed. Clinical data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, bacterial culture, previous cardiac surgery, wound depth, mortality rate, type of reconstructive procedure, and complication rate were collected. Results: The patients’ BMI ranged from 15.2 to 33.6 kg/m2 (mean, 23.1±3.74 kg/m2). Wound closure complications after reconstructive surgery were observed in 36.5% of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Diabetes mellitus significantly affected the rate of wound closure complications (P=0.041). A significant difference in the number of complications was seen between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (P=0.011). There was a correlation between harvesting of the internal thoracic artery and postoperative complications (P=0.048). The complication rates of the pectoralis major flap, rectus abdominis flap, omentum flap, a combination of pectoralis major flap and rectus abdominis flap, and direct closure were 23.3%, 33.3%, 100%, 37.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus, S. aureus, harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, and omentum flap were significant factors for complications after reconstruction. The omentum flap volume may be related to the complications associated with the omentum flap transfer in the present study.