New Zealand White 토끼의 생식세포 및 체세포 분열에 의한 염색체 분석

신선희,김희수,최영현,이원호 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2001 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.17 No.-

토끼(New Zealand White rabbit)의 감수분열 및 유사분령상을 통해 그 염색체적 특징을 조사하였다. 감수분열 염색체의 표본 작성은 공기건조법을 다소 변형하여 사용하였고, 유사분열 중기상의 핵형분석에는 G-분염법을 이용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 제1감수분열의 접합기와 태사기의 염색소립과 sex vesicles 및 동원체가 뚜렷하게 구별되었다. 태사기의 중기에서부터 후기 과정이 진행되는 동안에 2가염색체에서 측면으로 돌출한 머리카락 모양의 돌기들이 관찰되어졌고, 이 돌기들은 염색체가 lampbrush 염색체 구조의 모양이 되도록 해주었다. 이동기의 염색체들은 키아즈마의 수와 위치에 따라 분류가 가능하였다. 제1 감수분열 전기의 후반부 과정과 중기Ⅰ 시기에는 2가염색체로 된 21개의 상염색체와 1개의 말단결합으로 연결된 X-Y 염색체를 관찰할 수 있었다. 2. New Zealand White rabbit의 생식세포에서 관찰된 2가 염색체의 형태는 1CH, 1TAl 및 2TA 2가염색체 유형이 대부분을 이루었다. New Zealand White rabbit에서의 평균 키아즈마 빈도는 약 30.2로 나타났으며, 키아즈마 빈도가 복사기, 이동기 및 중기Ⅰ로 분열이 진행됨에 따라 다소 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 3. New Zealand White rabbit의 핵형분석에 의하면 염색체 수는 44개(2n=44)로서, 8쌍의 중부염색체, 9쌍의 차중부염색체, 4쌍의 단부염색체로 된 21쌍의 상염색체와 중부염색체인 1개의 X 염색체 및 단부염색체인 1개의 Y 염색체로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Chromosomal characteristics of New Zealand White rabbit was studied at meiosis and mitosis. The meiotic chromosomal preparations were made with the modified air-drying method and karyotype analysis was performed with the G-banding technique, using isolated mitotic metaphase chromosomes of the New Zealand White rabbit. Chromosomes, sex vesicles and centromeres could be could be classified in the zygotene and the pachytene of the meiosis Ⅰ. The hair-like processes projecting laterally from the axes of bivalent chromosomes at the mid-late pachytene were basis of the numbers and the locations of chiasma in the diakinesis. Twenty-one autosomal bivalents and a single unequal terminally associated X-Y bivalent were observed during the late prophase and the metaphase of the meiosis Ⅰ. Most of the bivalent types observed in the New Zealand White rabbit spermatocytes were 1CH, 1TAl, and 2TA bivalents. The mean chiasma frequency (CE) of the male New Zealand White rabbit was 30.2, and it was found that the CF value tended to decrease through the diakinesis and the metaphase Ⅰ. The karyotype of the New Zealand White rabbit was a male chromosome number of 44(2n=44), comprising 8 pairs of metacentric, 9 pairs of submetacentric, 4 pairs of acrocentric autosomes, metacentric X chromosome and acrocentric Y chromosome.

洛東江 水質汚染에 따른 淨水處理 改善에 關한 硏究(I)

朴永圭,李哲熙,曺秉樂,金水源 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1981 環境硏究 Vol.1 No.1

The largest Water-Treatment Plant in Daegu draws its raw water from the nackdong River which is increasingly polluted by the growth of urban population and industries around the Daegu City. In conventional water treatment process, the efficiency of the production of treated water is affected by algae concentration in the raw water, especiaally in April, May and September in the dry season. A pilot plant study on the efficiency of the removal of the suspended solids by dissolved air flotation was conducted and the results are summarized as follows : 1. It was confirmed that the production of treated water by the conventional water treatment process decreased especially in dry months when the efficiency of algal removal is low and frequency of back washing is higher than normal. 2. Influent suspended solids and influent turbidity of the raw water of the Nackdong River are related in the formula : Si = 1.6 Ti. From this equation, we derived A/S = (R/A) 1.2 Sa (f.p-1) / 1.6 Ti as control function of dissolved air flotation, we also determinded optimum dosage of alum for optimum conditions of coagulation at the various turbidities of raw water. 3. Polyelectrolyte added increased the effect of flotation in the coagulation process with stabilzation for floc. Treatment effect is also decrased with partial drops of floated particles when sludge of flotation tank is not removdd for a long time. 4. The efficiency of the suspended solids removal in the raw water appears to be fast similar between the air flotation process and the drinking water in the case of the air flotation process. because the detention time needed only 20 minute.

大規模 染色工業團地 廢水處理의 活性汚泥工程 最適化

朴永圭,李哲熙,李武康 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1982 環境硏究 Vol.2 No.1

This studies provided the optimization for the design treating activated sludge process for the waste water from the large-scale dyeing industrial complex. Two processes were here used to treat the dyeing waste water, which one is treated with raw waste water directly by the activated sludge process and the other treated by the coagulation follwing with activated sludge process. Design parameters as maximum specific substrate utillization rate(??) and half velocity coefficient (??) were obtained for each process. And also discussed the optimization conitions for the design of the activated sludge process with these parameters.

多變量分析에 依한 琴湖江의 水質評價

朴永圭,李哲熙,鄭輝洙 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1986 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.1

The results of the multivaraite analysis in order to estimate water quality of the Kum-ho river were as follows: 1. The water quality of the Kum-ho river estimated by the factor scores were seasonably homogeneous throughout the period of this research. 2. The cumulative proportion includings the third principal components was ranked as high as 97.8%. 3. The first principal components except water temperature, which the factor loading of which marked over 0.9, are composed of 14 items of water quality, and it was thought to be closely related to the river pollution caused by human activities and the waste water from near by factories. 4. In the relationship between the water quality and the flow of Kum-ho river was founded that COD and the factor scores related closely to each other from the relationship. Therefore, the run-off loading rate could be explained most completely by COD(Cr) and factor scores. And the run-off loading rate of the Kum-ho river basin showed almost no variation at the lower reaches, where the pollutions were mainly contributed by the point sources.

上水處理에서 HCO₃濃度가 凝集效果에 미치는 影響에 關하여

朴永圭,李哲熙,曺秉樂,朴勝吉 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1982 環境硏究 Vol.2 No.1

In this paper is presented the effect of ?? concentration on the efficiency of the turbidity removal by flocculation with alum or ferric sulfate. It is confirmed that pH range of the optimal flocculation conditions for the raw water contained the initial ?? concentration of 80mg/1 is expanded to 5-8 or 4-6, res-pectively, by treating with alum and ferric sulfate as a coagulants. The residual turbidity treated water is also decreased to 2NTU with alum and to 4NUT for the case of ferric sulfate. The determined agglomeration rate constant, K₁, and erosion rate constant, K₂, for floc are as follows; coagulants agglomeration rate constant erosion rate constant (initial ?? conc.) K₁ K₂ alum(80mg/1) 0.29 0.3 ferric sulfate(40mg/1) 0.35 0.26 Here is discussed the number of the reactor for the continuous flow needed to treating below 5NTU and also discussed treated watar quality which is predicted from kinetic model by using agglomeration rate constant, K₁, and erosion rate constant, k₂.

洛東江 水質汚染에 따른 淨水處理 改善에 關한 硏究(II)

李哲熙,朴永圭,金水源,具本大 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1981 環境硏究 Vol.1 No.1

The algae content in the Nackdong river water, which is used as source of water works in Daegu city and carries a pollution load of domestic and industrial wastewater, rises in the warm season to such a level that calls for a improvement process for water treatment. A pilot plant study on the efficiency of the removal of algae by dissolved air flotation was conducted and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Algae concentration in the raw water is the highests in April, May and September below 25 NTU of raw water turbidity. In these dry months, the production of treated water decreases by the conventional water treatment process. 2. The average efficienct of algae removal could be achieved at 96% using coagulants, such as alum or PAC at dissolved air flotation. In the conventional sedimentation process, algae can be removed by only 88% and produces chlorinated organic compounds after breakpoint chlorinatioin. 3. It is required that the ideal flotation area is 7,106㎡ and the detention time is 20 min for treated water of 250,000㎡ /day.

琴湖江底質中에 含有된 銅의 汚染經路

朴永圭,李哲熙,魯明英 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1987 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.2

The study was carried out on the pathway and the trend of copper pollution of sediments in the Kumho River. It was difficult to establish the actual copper pollution level of sediment only with a data on copper contents sediment because measured values of copper fluctuated intensely even in an identical sampling station. Then the trianglar coordinate chart method was applied to compare the pictures of copper pollution among different sampling stations with several items (Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb, Mn and Fe) of the measurement. It was useful for the selection of metals in trianglar coordinate chart to check the probable distribution of metal concentration in sediments. The combination of copper, cadimum and manganese was appeared to be most excellant among fifteen combination of metals in trianglar coordinate charts for the investigation of copper pollution. The plot in the Cu-Cd-Mn trianglar coordinate chars successfully account for the pathway of copper pollution of sediments.

凝集一活性汚泥工程에 의한 폴리에스테르 減量廢水가 主인 染色廢水處理

朴永圭,李哲熙,梁龍雲 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.8 No.2

This paper prevides the optimal conditions treating with the coagulation process and the activated sludge process for dyeing wastewater composed of 65% polyester loss weight finish wastewater and the rests, various dyeing wastewater. The results are shown as follows : 1. The alum is the most economical coagulant among ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate and alum by comparison sludge yields and the cost of operation, and the efficiency of COD removal is approximate 24% with 800mg/ℓ of alum (7.2% Al₂O₃) at ??. 2. The optimization conditons of COD volumetric loading and retention time for the design of the activated sludge process following the coagulation precipitation are 0.6kg COD/ m³· D(0.15kg COD/kg MLSS. D) and 24hr. 3. Removal efficiency of COD treated with the activated sludge process following the coagulation precipitation is 86% at 30℃, and decreased 75% at 40℃. 4. It is confirmed that the activated sludge process following coagulation precipitation method provides better treatment efficiency than the coagulation precipitation method following the actived sludge process.

전해환원수 음용이 마우스의 혈액과 장기조직에 미치는 영향

정한석,김동희,윤양숙,등영건,장병수,이규재 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 전해환원수 음용에 대한 안전성을 조사하기 위하여 실험동물을 이용하여 사망률 확인, 체중 비교, 혈액의 생화학적 변화, 염증, 면역세포의 비교, 내부 장기의 형태적 변화, 장기의 무게 변화 및 조직학적 검사를 통하여 전해환원수가 생체에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 전해환원수를 급이한 실험군에서 사망, 행동 및 외형 이상 유무 관찰 결과 아무런 증상이 나타나지 않았으며, 체중은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 실험군에서 혈액의 생화학적요소인 K^(+), Cl^(-),Ca^(2+), GPT, GOT, CRE 및 ALP에서는 유의한 수준의 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나 Na^(+)와 BUN에서는 실험군이 대조군에 비해 더 감소되었다. 혈액 내 면역세포를 비교한 결과 호염기구, 호산성구 및 단핵구 등은 큰 차이가 없으며, 실험군에서 호중구는 감소하였고, 림프구는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 위, 소장, 심장 및 간을 조직학적으로 관찰한 결과 모든 장기에서 병리적 이상 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 전해환원수는 생체에서 큰 문제를 유발시키지 않는 안전한 물임을 알 수 있었고 국내에서 전해환원수에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이기 때문에 전해환원수의 안전성을 입증하기 위한 기초자료 마련 및 제공에 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) on blood components and electrolytes, as well as elected tissues on mice. The mice were supplied either tap water (control group) and ERW (experimental group) for two months. There were no significant different between two groups anatomically and physiologically. In the blood electrolyte study, the experimental group had less Na and BUN compared to the control group. In the blood component study, the experimental group had less neutrophiles and the control group had more lymphocytes. In histological study, no tissue changes were noticed in various organs, including the stomach, small intestine, heart, and liver tissues. In conclusion, ERW has no noticable side affects on blood and organ tissues, and might be safe to a living body.

알칼리환원수 음용이 급성 염증성장질환 생쥐 모델에 미치는 영향

김단,김동희,등영건,최주봉,이규재 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.2

알칼리환원수 (Alkaline Reduced Water: ARW)는 아시아를 비롯한 여러 나라에서 음용수로 사용되고 있으며 항산화효과와 장내이상발효 개선효과 등을 중심으로 안전성과 유효성의 검증이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 알칼리환원수가 급성 염증성대장질환 (Inflammatory Bowel Disease: IBD) 동물모델에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해, ARW를 2주 동안 급이 시킨 후 4% DDS로 염증성 대장염을 유발시키고 대장의 길이와 조직병리학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 대장의 길이와 육안적, 현미경적 질환점수의 수치가 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이 결과는 DSS로 유도된 급성 염증성장질환 모델에서는 2주 동안의 ARW 급이가 개선효과를 나타내지 않았음을 말해준다. 그러나 ARW 가 장내환경을 개선시키고 위장관의 질환을 개선시키는 효과가 있음을 고려해볼 때 급성 IBD 동물모델이 ARW의 효과를 증명하기에 적합하지 않았거나 MARW의 급이기간이 장내환경을 개선할 만큼 충분히 길지 않았을 가능성을 추측해 볼 수 있다. 알칼리환원수의 장내이상발효 개선효과는 확인되고 있으나 그 기전은 아직까지 구체적으로 확인되어지지 않고 있다. 이번 연구결과에 의하면 인위적으로 유발시킨 급성 염증성 동물모델에서 ARW가 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 다른 장질환 모델을 이용한 효과 검증과 ARW의 장기 급이에 따른 효과, 그리고 ARW 가 장내환경에 미치는 작용기전에 대한 연구가 더 깊이 있게 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Alkaline reduced water (ARW) has been used for drinking widely in several countries of Asia. The safety and clinical effects of ARW has been reported including anti-oxidative effect and intestinal abnormal fermentation. To confirm the effect of ARW on DSS-induced acute inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model, we observed the length of total large intestine and the histopathological changes after supplying mineral induced-ARW (MARW) for 2 weeks and oral administration of 4% DSS (dextran sulfate sodium). As the result, the length of total large intestine and the disease scores by macro and microscopical access in the ARWsupplied group showed no significant differences compared with those in the control group. This result suggests that the supply of ARW for 2 weeks exerted no effect on amelioration in the DSS-induced acute IBD model. However, in consideration of the effect of ARW on the improvement of intestinal environment and gastrointestinal disease, this result seems that acute IBD animal model is not suitable or the period of ARW supply is not enough to prove the effect of ARW. The ameliorative effect of ARW on the intestinal abnormal fermentation has been confirmed by some researchers, but the precise mechanism also remain unclear. In conclusion, although MARW had no effect on the DSS-induced acute experimental colitis model, further studies on the verification of the effects of ARW by using other intestinal disease model and by long-term supply of ARW will be required. Also, It needs to clear the mechanism of ARW on the intestinal environment.