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Danah Harbour,Ella Henson,Chelsea Boers,Darcy Truman,Chandima Fernando,Patrick J. Guay,Michael A. Weston 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.1
Escape behaviour is a critical component of invertebrate life history but is poorly studied. Flight initiation distance (FID) indexes escape propensity, and is wellstudied in vertebrates but is entirely unstudied in Lepidopterans, despite their obvious escape behaviour. Here we test two general principles regarding FID as derived from studies of vertebrates to examine if they apply to Sri Lankan butterflies: 1) that FID is a species-specific trait and 2) that FID increases with Starting Distance, the distance at which the experimenter begins an approach. We collected 295 FIDs from 17 species and find that 1) FIDs are a tractable way of indexing butterfly escape and 2) both the general principles tested apply to butterfly escape. We also present FIDs of these species to encourage further data collection and comparative analysis of butterfly escape.
Jack Alistair Sargeant,Joseph Henson,James Adam King,Thomas Yates,Kamlesh Khunti,Melanie Jane Davies 대한내분비학회 2019 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.34 No.3
Weight loss is an important goal in the management of several chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and pharmacological therapies that aid weight loss are appealing. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are novel glucose-lowering therapies that have been shown to induce clinically significant reductions in body weight. However, this weight loss may not be attributed solely to fat mass (FM). Given the importance of skeletal muscle and lean body mass (LBM) on cardio-metabolic health and physical function, we reviewed the available literature reporting theeffects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is on body composition. Results demonstrate that, in most circumstances, the weight loss associatedwith both therapies predominantly comprises a reduction in FM, although significant heterogeneity exists between studies. In overhalf of the studies identified, the proportion of LBM reduction ranged between 20% and 50% of total weight lost, which is consistentwith diet-induced weight loss and bariatric surgery. No clear differences existed between GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is. Consequently,the loss of LBM and skeletal muscle associated with weight loss induced by GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is warrants attention. Strategiesto preserve skeletal muscle and improve physical function, for example through structured exercise, are of great importance.
The effect of zinc and titanium on the structure of calcium-sodium phosphate based glass
Moss, R.M.,Neel, E.A.A.,Pickup, D.M.,Twyman, H.L.,Martin, R.A.,Henson, M.D.,Barney, E.R.,Hannon, A.C.,Knowles, J.C.,Newport, R.J. North-Holland 2010 Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol.356 No.25
An array of different structural probes has been used to define the effect of adding Zn and Ti to a sodium-calcium phosphate glass. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Zn K-edge suggests that the Zn atoms occupy mixed (4- and 6-fold) sites within the glass matrix. X-ray diffraction reveals a feature at 2.03A that develops with the addition of Zn and Ti and is consistent with Zn-O and Ti-O near-neighbour distances. Neutron diffraction is used to resolve two distinct P-O distances and highlights the decrease in P...P coordination number from 2.0 to 1.7 as the Ti metal concentration rises, which is attributed to the O/P fraction moving away from the metaphosphate value of 3.0 to 3.1 with the addition of Ti. Other correlations, such as those associated with CaO<SUB>x</SUB>and NaO<SUB>x</SUB>polyhedra, remain largely unaffected. These results suggest that the network forming P...P correlation is most disrupted, with the disorder parameter rising from 0.07 to 0.10A with the additional modifiers. Zn appears to be introduced into the network as a direct replacement for Ca and causes no structural variation over the composition range studied.