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Amphetamine-type Stimulants in Drug Testing
Chung, Heesun,Choe, Sanggil Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.1
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are a group of ${\beta}$-phenethylamine derivatives that produce central nervous system stimulants effects. The representative ATS are methamphetamine and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and abuse of ATS has become a global problem. Methamphetamine is abused in North America and Asia, while amphetamine and 3, 4-methyle nedioxym ethamphetamine (Ecstasy) are abused in Europe and Australia. Methamphetamine is also the most abused drug in Korea. In addition to the conventional ATS, new psychoactive substances (NPS) including phenethylamines and synthetic cathinones, which have similar effects and chemical structure to ATS, continue to spread to the global market since 2009, and more than 739 NPS have been identified. For the analysis of ATS, two tests that have different theoretical principles have to be conducted, and screening tests by immunoassay and confirmatory tests using GC/MS or LC/MS are the global standard methods. As most ATS have a chiral center, enantiomer separation is an important point in forensic analysis, and it can be conducted using chiral derivatization reagents or chiral columns. In order to respond to the growing drug crime, it is necessary to develop a fast and efficient analytical method.
The Impact of Foreign Ownership on Firms’ Audit Opinion Shopping Behavior
( Heesun Chung ),( Yewon Kim ) 한국회계학회 2021 會計學硏究 Vol.46 No.2
This study examines whether foreign investors influence firms’ opportunistic auditor choices for a better audit opinion. Foreign investors that are typically institutional investors and have global portfolios of equity shares are regarded as more sophisticated than domestic investors. Thus, they are more likely to perceive investing firms’ opinion shopping behavior than domestic investors. However, due to less informal channels through which they can communicate with insiders (e.g., CEO, board members and controlling shareholders), foreign investors may not exert influence on such managerial decisions. Our empirical findings reveal that firms tend to change (retain) the existing auditors when the probability of receiving a modified audit opinion is lower (higher) from a new auditor, implying the evidence of successful opinion shopping in our sample firms. More importantly, we find that firms’ opinion shopping activities decrease significantly with foreign ownership. These findings suggest that foreign investors play a significant role in deterring managerial opportunistic decisions on auditor choices, which enhances auditor independence. Our findings are robust when we control for the firm characteristics that attract foreign shareholders. These findings provide helpful insights to researchers, regulators and practitioners.
A Critical Review on Regenerating a Place’s Economic Value through Landscape Restructuring
Heesun Chung(정희선) 대한지리학회 2009 대한지리학회지 Vol.44 No.2
동대문운동장은 1926년 일제에 의해 건축된 우리나라의 대표적인 근대 공설운동장으로, 수많은 스포츠와 문화행사가 개최되어 한국의 스포츠 산실로서의 상징성과 문화역사성이 담겨진 공간이었다. 그러나 1990년대 들어와 시설의 노후로 기능이 축소됐고, 2005년 청계천이 복원되면서 주변 노점상들을 위한 풍물시장과 주차장이 설치돼 운동장으로서의 기능을 상실하였다. 서울시는 동대문시장과 그 일대를 디자인·패션 중심 관광 클러스터로 개발한다는 계획 하에 2008년 운동장을 철거하였다. 본 연구에서는 동대문 운동장을 사례로 서울시의 근대문화유적의 철거와 지역개발을 포함하는 자본주의 경관 재구조화의 이면에 담겨져 있는 의미를 살펴보고 이를 통해 현재 남아있는 근대문화유적에 대한 보존 또는 철거 정책, 그리고 경관 관리와 관련하여 시사점을 찾아보고자 하였다. Dongdaemun Stadium was the nation’s leading modern sports facilities built in 1926 by Japanese colonists. It hosted a number of the nation’s sports matches and cultural performances, filled with cultural and historic significance as a birthplace of Korea’s sports. As the facility was aging, however, its functions became limited. With the so-called “restoration” of Cheonggye Stream, the stadium was reduced to a flea market, no longer used for its originally intended purposes. The Seoul Metropolitan Government demolished the stadium under the plan to develop the district into a tourism cluster dedicated to the design and fashion industries. This study takes Dongdaemun Stadium as an example to explain underlying meanings of capitalist restructuring of landscape which entails removal of modern cultural relics and redevelopment projects. Although Dongdaemun Stadium was not used in the way it had been designated to be used, it still had a value as a diachronic and synchronic record for the city. The rationale that the stadium should be torn down and reinvented as tourist attraction to reap huge financial benefits illustrates that the city government’s development ideology gravitated towards public works projects. This approach may harm a place’s genuine disposition or essence and create an artificially-induced placeness, undermining its historio-cultural values.
Nature in Captivity: Understanding Zoos as Hybridized Space of Nature and Culture
Heesun Chung 국토지리학회 2008 국토지리학회지 Vol.42 No.2
This paper explores the history of evolution of zoos and characteristics of their landscapes in order to demonstrate how the relationship between nature and culture have changed in the context of the modern thinking. Zoos are a tangible record of relationship between nature and human beings. This study takes the example of Seoul Grand Park to analyze its landscapes to fathom the meaning of zoos as cultural landscape. While human beings intended to recreate wild nature by establishing zoos, they represent man? interpretation of nature. Natural landscapes of zoos, in essence, are cultural, while in zoos which are constructed with artificial nature, the image of wild nature is sold and consumed. Contemporary zoological parks were established based on the idea of reason and the view of nature in the modern era, and the meanings of zoos have evolved with changing time characterized by progress in science and technology as well as environmental degradation. In the world of spectacles offered by theme parks, zoos present artificial mimicry of nature, a coveted object of human desire to observe and recreate nature. Understanding the relationship between nature and culture through zoos offers insights on the role and meaning of nature in the cultural aspect of human life. This research on zoos provides a chance to reflect on man-nature relationship or more accurately, ethical relationship between humanity and animals as this kind of self-reflection is vital to restoration of natural environment and ecosystems.