<tex> $1.3~\mu $</tex> m Optical Interconnect on Silicon: A Monolithic III-Nitride Nanowire Photonic Integrated Circuit

Hazari, Arnab,Fu Chen Hsiao,Lifan Yan,Junseok Heo,Millunchick, Joanna Mirecki,Dallesasse, John M.,Bhattacharya, Pallab IEEE 2017 IEEE journal of quantum electronics Vol.53 No.4

<P>A feasible optical interconnect on a silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip demands epitaxial growth and monolithic integration of diode lasers and optical detectors with guided wave components on a (001) Si wafer, with all the components preferably operating in the wavelength range of 1.3-1.55 μm at room temperature. It is also desirable for the fabrication technique to be relatively simple and reproducible. Techniques demonstrated in the past for having optically and electrically pumped GaAs and InP-based lasers on silicon include wafer bonding, selective area epitaxy, epitaxy on tilted substrates, and use of quantum dot or planar buffer layers. Here, we present a novel monolithic optical interconnect on a (001) Si substrate consisting of a III-nitride dot-in-nanowire array edge emitting diode laser and guided wave photodiode, with a planar SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> dielectric waveguide in between. The active devices are realized with the same nanowire heterostructure by one-step epitaxy. The electronic properties of the InN dot-like nanostructures and mode confinement and propagation in the nanowire waveguides have been modeled. The laser, emitting at the desired wavelength of 1.3 μm, with threshold current ~350 mA for a device of dimension 50 μm × 2 mm, has been characterized in detail. The detector exhibits a responsivity ~0.1 A/W at 1.3 μm. Operation of the entire optical interconnect via the dielectric waveguide is demonstrated.</P>

Foreign Capital Inflow and Regional Immiserization

Hazari, Bharat R.,Sgro, Pasquale M. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.3

In recent years a number of papers have examined the impact of inflow of foreign capital on welfare in a trade theoretic model. Two fundamental questions have been raised in this literature. First, what is the welfare impact of foreign capital inflow under a laissez faire regime? Second, what is the impact of tariff induces capital inflow on welfare? In this paper we depart from the Heckscher-Ohlin framework where there is only one representative agent whose welfare is considered. We exploit a trade theoretic framework to analyse the impact on an inflow of foreign capital on regional welfare, in particular, urban and rural incomes. The analysis is undertaken in a four goods, two region model where each region produces and consumes its own non-traded good. Foreign capital is only used in the urban region and its inflow is treated initially as exogenous and later endogenised via a movement in the terms-of-trade. An exogenous inflow of foreign capital necessarily raises aggregate urban income irrespective of capital intensity conditions. The rural region is 'immiserized' by the inflow of foreign capital provided that the rural traded good is more capital intensive than the rural non-traded good. In theis framework rural employment always falls and urban employment always rises. In the case where foreign capital inflow is induced by a change in the terms-of-trade, immiserization may occur in both regions depending on the capital intensities in all sectors. This paper highlights the locational implication of the inflow of foreign capital. (JEL Classification: F2, O1, R1)

A Note on the Employment Effects of an Export Boom

Hazari, Bharat R.,Sgro, Pasquale M. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1990 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.5 No.2

This paper utilizes the Heckscher-Ohlin type model with unemployment and non-traded goods to examine the effect of an export boom on the real exchange rate, sectoral outputs, unemployment, factor incomes and welfare. It is demonstrated that in the presence of unemployment 'Dutch Disease' type results critically depend on the relative factor intensities of the export and import-competing sectors. In a distortionary setting the issue of 'Dutch Disease' needs to be explored empircally via the use of computable general equilibrium models so that the ambigutites can be resolved case by case.

CAPITAL MOBILITY , TARIFFS, UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE

HAZARI, BHARAT R.,SGRO, PASQUALE M. 한국국제경제학회 1996 International Economic Journal Vol.10 No.3

Foreign Capital Inflow and Regional Immiserization

( Bharat R. Hazari ),( Pasquale M. Sgro ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.3

In recent years a number of papers have examined the impact of inflow of foreign capital on welfare in a trade theoretic model. Two fundamental questions have been raised in this literature. First, what is the welfare impact of foreign capital inflow under a laissez faire regime? Second, what is the impact of tariff induced capital inflow on welfare? In this paper we depart from the Heckscher-Ohlin framework where there is only one representative agent whose welfare is considered. We exploit a trade theoretic framework to analyse the impact on an inflow of foreign capital on regional welfare, in particular, urban and rural incomes. The analysis is undertaken in a four goods, two region model where each region produces and consumes its own non-traded good. Foreign capital is only used in the urban region and its inflow is treated initially as exogenous and later endogenised via a movement in the terms-of-trade. An exogenous inflow of foreign capital necessarily raises aggregate urban income irrespective of capital intensity conditions. The rural region is ‘immiserized’ by the inflow of foreign capital provided that the rural traded good is more capital intensive than the rural non-traded good. In this framework rural employment always falls and urban employment always rises. In the case where foreign capital inflow is induced by a change in the terms-of-trade, immiserization may occur in both regions depending on the capital intensities in all sectors. This paper highlights the locational implication of the inflow of foreign capital. (JEL Classification: F2, O1, R1)

Articles : A Note on the Employment Effects of an Export Boom

( Bharat R. Hazari ),( Pasquale M. Sgro ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1990 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.5 No.2

This paper utilizes the Heckscher-Ohlin type model with unemployment and non-traded goods to examine the effect of an export boom on the real exchange rate, sectoral outputs, unemployment, factor incomes and welfare. It is demonstrated that in the presence of unemployment ``Dutch Disease`` type results critically depend on the relative factor intensities of the export and import-competing sectors. In a distortionary setting the issue of ``Dutch Disease`` needs to be explored empircally via the use of computable general equilibrium models so that the ambiguities can be resolved case by case.

The Theory of Transfers in a Multilateral World: The Customs Union Case with Structural Adjustment

( Yves Fluckiger ),( Bharat R. Hazari ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.2

In this paper the transfer problem is analysed in a three country, three commodity (including one non-traded good) trade model where two countries belong to a customs union. The three countries A, B and C each produce three goods and engage in an asymmetric pattern of trade. Countries A and B form a customs union and C remains outside the union. Several results are obtained. Following the tradition in the literature on transfers and the terms of trade the results are classified into three groups: orthodox, anti-orthodox and mixed. In the orthodox case, donor (recipient) impoverishment (enrichment) occurs irrespective of the favourable (adverse) movement in the terms of trade. In the anti-orthodox case, donor (recipient) enrichment (impoverishment) occurs as a consequence of the favourable movement in the term of trade. In the mixed cases, the outcomes are not clearcut. The major result that we obtain is that changes in welfare, terms of trade and the relative price of the non-trad-ed good are identical in the donor and the non-participating country as a consequence of the transfer Thus an intra union transfer has effects on the nonparticipating country. Consider the orthodox case. Country B (donor) makes a transfer to country A (recipient), who are both in the union. Country B`s welfare falls, terms of trade deteriorate and the relative price of the non-traded good falls. Country C, the non-participating country, suffers from the same effects. Structural adjustments occur in all the three countries-output of the non-traded good changes vis-a-vis the traded good and this change in composition is identical for the donor and the non-union country. In the anti-orthodox case both the donor and the non-participant country gain from the transfer The non-union country cannot remain passive to transfers among the union members. (JEL F0l, F02)

Synthesis, electrolytic behaviour and antimicrobial activities of cadmium complexes of isomers of 3,10-C-meso-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane

Roy, Tapashi G.,Hazari, Saroj K. S.,Dey, Benu K.,Meah, Hazarat A.,Rahman, Md. S.,Kim, Dong I.,Park, Yu C. Taylor Francis 2007 Journal of coordination chemistry Vol.60 No.14

<P> Reactions of two diastereoisomers of 3,10-C-meso-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanes, Me8[14]ane (LA and LB) with Cd(NO3)2 in methanol produced trans-[CdL(NO3)2] (L = LA or LB). However, the third diastereoisomer, Me8[14]ane (LC) did not react with Cd(NO3)2. Trans-[CdLB(NO3)2] undergoes axial ligand substitution reactions with KSCN, KNO2, KCl, KBr and KI, in the ratio of 1 : 2 to yield white solid products corresponding to molecular formula [CdLBX2] where X = NCS-, [image omitted], Cl-, Br- or I-. Characterization has been carried out on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible and 1H-, 13C- and 113Cd-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by magnetic moment and conductivity measurement. These complexes show different electrolytic behaviours in different solvents. In chloroform, they are noneletrolytic indicating that both anions coordinate to cadmium(II) with retention of original molecular formula [CdLBX2]; their 1 : 2 electrolytic nature in water reveals the formation of diaquo complexes [CdLB(H2O)2]X2. On the other hand, conductance values corresponding to 1 : 2 electrolyte in DMF indicate the formation of square pyramidal complexes [CdLB(DMF)]X2. The antimicrobial activities of these ligands and their complexes have been tested against some selected fungi and bacteria.</P>

The Theory of Transfers in a Multilateral World : The Customs Union Case with Structural Adjustment

Flu¨ckiger, Yves,Hazari, Bharat R. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.2

In this paper the transfer problem is analysed in a three country, three commodity (including one non-traded good) trade model where two countries belong to a customs union. The three countries A, B and C each produce three goods and engage in an asymmetric pattern of trade. Countries A and B form a customs union and C remains outside the union. Several results are obtained. Following the tradition in the literature on transfers and the terms of trade the results are classified into three groups: orthodox, anti-orthodox and mixed. In the orthodox case, donor (recipient) impoverishment (enrichment) occurs irrespective of the favourable (adverse) movement in the terms of trade. In the anti-orthodox case, donor (recipient) enrichment (impoverishment) occurs as a consequence of the favourable movement in the term of trade. In the mixed cases, the outcomes are not clearcut. The major result that we obtain is that changes in welfare, terms of trade and the relative price of the non-traded good are identical in the donor and the non-participating country as a consequence of the transfer. Thus an intra union transfer has effects on the non-participating country. Consider the orthodox case. Country B (donor) makes a transfer to country A (recipient), who are both in the union. Country B's welfare falls, terms of trade deteriorate and the relative price of the non-traded good falls. Country C, the non-participating country, suffers from the same effects. Structural adjustments occur in all the three countries-output of the non-traded good changes vis-a-vis the traded good and this change in composition is identical for the donor and the non-union country. In the anti-orthodox case both the donor and the non-participant country gain from the transfer. The non-union country cannot remain passive to transfers among the union members.(JEL:F01, F02)

Colorful polymer solar cells employing an energy transfer dye molecule

Kong, Jaemin,Mohadjer Beromi, Megan,Mariano, Marina,Goh, Tenghooi,Antonio, Francisco,Hazari, Nilay,Taylor, André,D. Elsevier 2017 Nano energy Vol.38 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Over the past decade, there has been significant improvement in the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Devices with power conversion efficiency (PCE) well over 10% have been developed and in some cases the estimated device lifetime is approaching 10 years. In contrast, there has been limited research into the aesthetics of PSCs, which may be crucial to successful commercialization. Here, we report a variety of colored polymer solar cells by employing different amounts of an energy transfer dye molecule in a polymer-polymer binary photoactive system. In fact, by varying the amount of the dye molecule in the device, PSCs covering one third of the Munsell standard color chart (in this case green to red) are observed. Additionally, the dye molecule serves as an energy transfer donor to the host photoactive system which leads to 10% enhancement in PCE. Our approach may broaden the appeal of PSCs in applications where aesthetics are important.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A guest dye molecule employed in photoactive layers tunes the color of solar cells. </LI> <LI> The guest dye also functions as an energy transfer donor to host photoactive system. </LI> <LI> Energy transfer dye extends color variety of solar cells without efficiency loss. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We report polymer solar cells with different colors by employing an energy transfer dye molecule in a polymer-polymer binary photoactive system. The guest dye molecule allows tuning of the solar cell color and is an energy transfer donor to the host photoactive system. This design allows broad tuning of the solar cell color from blue green to purple red, covering one third of the Munsell standard chart, without lowering the power conversion efficiency.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>