민속과 문학의 교섭 양상 고찰 - 류재만의 바다시를 대상으로 -

이한길 ( Lee¸ Han-kil ) 강원대학교 강원문화연구소 2020 강원문화연구 Vol.42 No.-

최근의 연구경향은 인접학문 간의 연구다. 이를 통하여 상호 이해를 북돋우고 또 이를 통하여 자신을 돌아보는 성찰을 할 수가 있다. 이 글은 이런 점에 착안하고 문학 속에 민속이 어떻게 표현되었는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 텍스트는 강원작가회의에서 활동하고 있는 류재만 시인의 시편이다. 우리들 밥상에 오르는 반찬 중에 멸치가 있다. 이 멸치를 잡는 전통어법 중에 후리질이란 어업이 있다. 어촌 출신들은 누구나 해보았을 것이지만, 도시농촌 사람들은 알 수가 없다. 멸치떼가 들어오면 어촌 마을에선 바닷가 높은 곳에 망대를 설치하고 몇몇이 돌아가면서 망을 본다. 이 사람을 망지기라 한다. 어느 날 멸치가 들어오면 갈매기가 무수히 날아오고 망지기가 마을에 소리친다. 멸치떼가 들어왔다고. 그러면 어부가 배를 몰고 나가 후리그물로 멸치를 잡으려 그물을 치고, 모래사장에선 주민들이 나와 후리그물을 잡아당긴다. 이렇게 잡은 멸치가 해변 모래사장에서 햇볕에 말리어 우리들 식탁 위로 올라왔다. 옛날의 전통방식이었다. 이를 류재만은 문학 속에, 시라는 표현양식을 빌어 창작했다. 그러면서 갖가지 문학적 의장을 사용했으며, 음양의 양분법적 사고를 통한 생산의 개념마저도 집어넣었다. 시를 통하여, 즉 문학을 통하여 멸치 후리질이란 민속을 소개하였고, 더불어 생생력까지도 담보하였다. 필자는 바다와 어촌과 어민에 관한 일련의 시편들을 ‘바다시’라 명명했다. 류재만의 시편도 필자가 명명한 바다시편에 해당한다. Considering that recent studies tend to be carried out between adjacent disciplines, which leads to more mutual understanding and each discipline's reflecting itself, this article tries to examine how folk culture could be expressed in literature. This research is based on the collections of poems by Ryu Jaeman, a member of the Gangwon Artists Conference. The anchovy, one of the familiar side dishes on our table, would be caught by a traditional fishing method called Hurijil(fiishing with a net) among many ones. Anyone from fishing villages might experience it, even if people from urban or rural areas do not know it. During the season of anchovy fishing, there was a watchtower set up high on the beach in a village, and some of village people called Mangjigi(net-watcher) took turns watching a net for fishing. When a shoal of anchovy came near, countless seagulls flew over, and a Mangjigi signaled its approaching to the village by yelling. Then, the fishermen took a boat out and laid Huri-nets, which other village people coming out to sandy beaches would pull. The anchovies caught in this way were dried in the sun on the sandy beach and served onto our table. It was the old traditional way of anchovy fishing. Ryu Jaeman represents this fishing culture in his works in the form of poetry. He gives various literary description and illustrates the concept of production based on yin and yang's dichotomous thinking. Through poetry, one of literary genres, Ryu Jaeman pictures the folklore culture of anchovy Hurisil, surely, along with its literary vividness. I regard Ryu Jaeman's works as sea poetry, which I named for a series of poems about the sea, fishing villages and fishermen.

Ultimate consumption risk and investment-based stock returns

Hankil Kang,Jangkoo Kang,Changjun Lee 한국재무학회 2016 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.05

We show that the ultimate consumption model proposed by Parker and Julliard (2005) well explains the cross-section of investment-based stock returns. By the generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation, we find that the ultimate consumption model with horizons from 3 years to 4 years has superior performance to the contemporaneous consumption model. The linearized model’s performance is comparable to that of the Fama-French and Chen-Roll-Ross model. We argue that the better performance of the ultimate model is linked to the relationship between business-cycle frequency consumption shocks and investment-based returns.

An efficient CP compensation for SC-FDE with insufficient CP symbols

Hankil Lee,Yusung Lee,Hyuncheol Park IEEE 2010 IEEE communications letters Vol.14 No.6

<P>In this letter, we propose a method to mitigate interferences for single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) with insufficient cyclic prefix (CP) symbols. The resultant channel matrices are not circulant due to some missing symbols. Unlike OFDM, however, the reconstruction of missing symbols using the estimated symbols is not effective. We propose that these missing symbols may be filled with the symbols in the following received block when the channel is static over the consecutive blocks. Since this method does not require estimation of symbols, the precision of detection can be enhanced. The improvement in the performance of this method is still limited since interferences are not completely removed. An iterative interference cancellation method is used to remove the residual interferences. The performance of proposed method is verified by simulations.</P>

A Comparison of New Factor Models in the Korean Stock Market

Hankil Kang,Jangkoo Kang,Wooyeon Kim 한국재무학회 2016 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.05

We compare empirical performance of the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model, the Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2014) q-factor model, and their variations in the Korean stock market. Among the models considered, we show that the adjusted five-factor model, which includes the quarterly-based profitability factor instead of the yearly-based one, best explains the size, value, investment, and profitability sorted portfolio returns. The adjusted five-factor model outperforms the other factor models in digesting various anomalies in the Korean market.

Patient Awareness of Cataract and Age-related Macular Degeneration among the Korean Elderly: A Population-based Study

Hankil Lee,Yong-Jung Jang,Hyung Keun Lee,Hye-Young Kang 대한안과학회 2017 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.31 No.6

Purpose: Age-related eye disease is often considered part of natural aging. Lack of awareness of eye conditions can result in missed treatment. We investigated the rates of awareness of cataract and age-related macular degeneration, the most common age-related eye-diseases, and the associated factors among elderly Koreans. Methods: We identified 7,403 study subjects (≥40 years old) with cataract or age-related macular degeneration based on ophthalmic examination results during the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2010 and 2012. We assessed whether patients were aware of their eye condition based on a previous diagnosis by a physician. Results: The average awareness rate over the 3-year study period was 23.69% in subjects with cataract and 1.45% in subjects with age-related macular degeneration. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with cataract were more likely to recognize their condition if they had myopia (odds ratio, 2.08), hyperopia (odds ratio, 1.33), family history of eye disease (odds ratio, 1.44), or a past eye examination (odds ratio, 4.07-29.10). The presence of diabetes mellitus was also a significant predictor of patient awareness of cataract(odds ratio, 1.88). Conclusions: Poor patient recognition of eye disease among the Korean elderly highlights the seriousness of this potential public health problem in our aging society. Pre-existing eye-related conditions and diabetes were significant predictors of awareness; therefore, patients in frequent contact with their doctors have a greater chance of detecting eye disease.

Performance test of gas by-pass type thermal error controller for the International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems 2008 (ICCAS 2008)

Hankil Yeom,Seung Woo Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

In accordance with the trend for high-speed and multi-axes of machine tools, thermal deformation has become an important factor in the accuracy of machine tools. It was analyzed that thermal deformation error accounts for about 70% of all errors made with machine tools. For precise temperature control, both cooling and heating should be done. A hot gas by-pass type of cooling method has a simplified structure and temperature control accuracy to with in ±0.1 °C. In this study, the operational characteristics of the thermal error controller, including temperature controllability according to hot gas flow and preset temperature sustainability according to heat load, were tested. It is expected that this study will contribute to the development and performance assessment of thermal error controllers, which could minimize thermal errors and improve the quality of semiconductor equipment, precision injection molds, and precision machine tools.

Does the Chen and Zhang Model Capture the Time-varying Patterns in Stock Returns?

Hankil Kang,Jangkoo Kang,Changjun Lee 한국재무학회 2010 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.05

Given its striking empirical performance, we examine whether the Chen and Zhang (2010) model explains the time-varying patterns in stock returns, captured by the common conditioning variables. With a variety of test portfolios, we find that fitted conditional expected return (fit) is always statistically significant in the presence of the Chen-Zhang factors. Moreover, when the fit is included in the analysis, the magnitude of the Chen-Zhang factors is consistently smaller and the fit drives out the significance of the Chen-Zhang factors. Our empirical results cast some doubt on the validity of Chen-Zhang model as a conditional benchmark for risk adjustment.

거시경제변수를 이용한 한국 국채 초과수익률 분석

강한길 ( Hankil Kang ),이순희 ( Soonhee Lee ) 한국금융연구원 2019 금융연구 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 한국 국채시장에서 초과수익률을 결정하는 요인을 실증적으로 분석한다. 분석에는 Cochrane and Piazzesi(2005)의 선도금리요인과 거시경제변수를 사용하였다. 세부적으로 거시경제 변수는 현재 경제상황을 수치화해서 나타내는 통계자료와 미래 경제상황에 대한 서베이자료, 경제전문가의 경제전망자료를 포함한다. 실증분석 결과, 선도금리요인은 초과수익률에 대해 예측력을 가지지만 Cochrane and Piazzesi와 달리 채권초과수익률을 설명하는 단일요소는 아니며, 장기채권의 초과수익률에 대한 예측력이 단기채권 초과수익률에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 거시경제변수중에서는, 현재 경제상태를 나타내는 경제지표와 경제전문가의 경제전망지표는 초과수익률에 대한 예측력을 가지고 있지 않았으나, 소비자와 생산자가 미래 경제환경에 대해 가지는 예측정보를 포함하는 서베이자료는 중장기채권 초과수익률에 대해 유의한 설명력을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 한국국채시장의 초과수익률에 대한 정보는 이자율 곡선 내 상당히 포함되어 있으나, 이 외에도 이자율 곡선에 포함되어 있지 않으면서 초과수익률에 대한 예측력을 가지는 요소가 있음을 실증적으로 확인하였다. It is well-known that the excess returns of bonds are time-varying. However, it is in debate what factors determine excess returns. In this study, we examine the predictability for excess returns using the forward rates and macro-economic variables. In detail, we use bond spot rates and three different types of macro-economic variables that are statistics representing current economic conditions and survey data from business participants and professional economists representing future expected economic conditions. We conduct principal component analysis for each group of macro-economic variables, and a few principal components are used to examine whether the macro-economic variables have predictability for excess returns. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the forward rate factor that can be obtained by a linear combination of forward rates representing the information on the yield curve has predictability for the excess returns. However, it is rejected that the forward rates are the only factor to explain excess returns and it means the information on the yield curve is not enough to explain future bond excess returns. Second, the macro-economic variables representing current economic conditions and survey data from economists have no predictability for bond excess returns. Third, the survey data from consumers and producers have predictability for long-term bond excess returns, different from the survey data from economists. Additionally, the survey data from consumers and producers have predictability for future real GDP growth. Based on these results, we conclude that excess returns can be predicted by not only the information reflected in the yield curve but also expectations for future market conditions.

양양군의 〈소모는소리〉 고찰

이한길(Hankil Lee) 아시아강원민속학회 2009 江原民俗學 Vol.23 No.-

본고는 양양군의 농요 중〈소모는소리〉를 집중적으로 살펴보고자 했다. 〈소모는소리〉는 강원도에서 특히 유명한 소리로서, 전국의 농요를 특징지을 때 흔히 강원도를 대표하는 소리로써 간주된다. 그런데도 불구하고〈소모는소리〉에 관한 연구는 일천한 편이다. 〈소모는소리〉의 구조는 사실상 단순하기 그지없다. 앞으로 전진하라는 뜻의 ‘이랴’(혹은 ‘이러’), 멈추라는 뜻의 ‘와’(혹은 ‘워’)로 구성된 가장 짧은 형식의 소리이기 때문이다. 혹여 하나를 덧붙인다면 돌라는 뜻의 ‘도체’가 추가 될 것이다. 그렇지만 어느 봄날의 하루에 논밭이라는 넓은 공간을 쟁기질하고 써레질을 해야 하는 시공 속에서, 이와 같은 단순한 구조의 소리로써는 일의 능률을 올릴 수가 없다는 것은 너무도 명약관화한 일일 것이다. 일의 능률을 올리기 위하여 〈소모는소리〉의 다양한 가사가 만들어지기 시작했다. 그런데 강원도, 특히 양양군에서는 이 〈소모는소리〉가 다른 시군보다도 더 발달했다. 양양군의 〈소모는소리〉의 가치는 밭을 가는 〈소모는소리〉보다는 논과 상관있는 〈소모는소리〉일 때 더욱 빛났다. 이 가사의 의미는 소와 인간과의 합일 내지는 갈등을 풀어내는 것이었다. This article focuses on the 〈cow driving song〉 of agricultural songs at Yangyang-Gun. The 〈cow driving song〉 is especially famous in Kangwon-Do, usually is regarded of typical song in Kanguon-Do. in spite of the studies of these songs is unsatisfied. Truly contents of the 〈cow driving song〉 is very simple, the speech of ‘irya’ means going forward, the speech of ‘wa’ does stopping. Contents of the 〈cow driving song〉 is made very brief as that. Or in addition to contents of the 〈cow driving song〉, ‘doche’ means turning is added. And then these brief songs do not uplifting condition of agricultural work. Because there are long time as farming season and wide field as farming. So farmers made the various text of the 〈cow driving song〉. Then in Kangwon-Do, especially at Yangyang-Gun, the text of these songs was very advanced.

Convolutional Neural Network Based Image Processing System

Kim, Hankil,Kim, Jinyoung,Jung, Hoekyung The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2018 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.16 No.3

This paper designed and developed the image processing system of integrating feature extraction and matching by using convolutional neural network (CNN), rather than relying on the simple method of processing feature extraction and matching separately in the image processing of conventional image recognition system. To implement it, the proposed system enables CNN to operate and analyze the performance of conventional image processing system. This system extracts the features of an image using CNN and then learns them by the neural network. The proposed system showed 84% accuracy of recognition. The proposed system is a model of recognizing learned images by deep learning. Therefore, it can run in batch and work easily under any platform (including embedded platform) that can read all kinds of files anytime. Also, it does not require the implementing of feature extraction algorithm and matching algorithm therefore it can save time and it is efficient. As a result, it can be widely used as an image recognition program.