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Electrodiagnosis support system for localizing neural injury in an upper limb.
Shin, Hanjun,Kim, Ki Hoon,Song, Chihwan,Lee, Injoon,Lee, Kyubum,Kang, Jaewoo,Kang, Yoon Kyoo Hanley Belfus 2010 Journal of the American Medical Informatics Associ Vol.17 No.3
<P>Needle electromyography (EMG) is used for the diagnosis of a neural injury in patients with a cervical/lumbar radiculopathy, plexopathy, peripheral neuropathy, or myopathy. Needle EMG is a particularly invasive test and thus it is important to minimize the pain during inspections. In this paper, we introduce the Electrodiagnosis Support System (ESS), which is a clinical decision support system specialized for neural injury diagnosis in the upper limb. ESS can guide users through the diagnosis process and assist them in making the optimal decision for minimizing unnecessary inspections and as an educational tool for medical trainees. ESS provides a graphical user interface that visualizes the neural structure of the upper limb, through which users input the results of needle EMG tests and retrieve diagnosis results. We validated the accuracy of the system using the diagnosis records of 133 real patients.</P>
Kang, Shin-Young,Shin, Ji-Sun,Kim, Seo-Yeon,Noh, Young Su,Lee, Seung-Jun,Hwang, Hanjun,Deyou, T.,Jang, Young Pyo,Lee, Kyung-Tae Elsevier Pub. Co 2019 Chemico-biological interactions Vol.309 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have previously reported the isolation of four compounds, caffeoyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4-methyl-(2H)-pyran-2-one (CDMP), olinioside, caffeic acid and 3-hydroxylup-12-en-28-oic acid, from the leaves of <I>Olinia usambarensis</I>. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of these compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and found that CDMP is the most potent of these two pro-inflammatory mediators (IC<SUB>50</SUB>; 12.12 μM and 10.78 μM, respectively). Consistent with these results, CDMP also down-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at the protein and mRNA levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, CDMP suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation by decreasing p65 nuclear translocation through the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitory κBα (IκBα). CDMP also attenuated LPS-induced transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of activator protein 1 (AP-1) by suppressing the phosphorylation and expression of c-Fos and c-Jun. Finally, CDMP considerably suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, our data suggest that CDMP down-regulates genes encoding pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 via NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 inactivation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CDMP from <I>Olinia usambarensis</I> leaves suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators. </LI> <LI> CDMP inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by blocking IκBα degradation. </LI> <LI> CDMP inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation and nuclear expression of c-Fos and c-Jun. </LI> <LI> CDMP decreased LPS-induced JNK phosphorylation, but not p38 and JNK. </LI> <LI> CDMP is one of the active anti-inflammatory components of <I>O. usambarensis</I> leaves. </LI> </UL> </P>
The Dependence of Tropical Pacific SST Pattern on Shortwave Absorption by Water Vapor
Hanjun Kim,Sarah M. Kang,Angeline G. Pendergrass 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) models exhibit large spread in the climatological value of atmospheric shortwave absorption (SWA). This study investigates both the possible causes and climatic impacts of this SWA inter-model spread. The inter-model spread of global-mean SWA largely originates from the inter-model difference in water vapor shortwave absorptivity. Hence, we alter the water vapor shortwave absorptivity in the Community Earth System Model, version 1, with Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CESM1-CAM4). The water vapor shortwave absorptivity enhancement leads to a La Niña-like cooling over the tropical Pacific. The La Niña-like cooling is attributed to the zonal asymmetry of climatological evaporative damping efficiency and the low cloud enhancement over the eastern basin. Complementary simulations with fixed SSTs imply that the low cloud enhancement primarily arises from atmospheric processes. Consistent with our experiments, the CMIP models with a higher global-mean SWA tend to exhibit the tropical Pacific toward a more La Niña-like mean state, while the implied mechanisms are different between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Eventually, our results highlight the possible role of water vapor shortwave absorptivity for shaping the mean-state climate patterns.
How Critical is the Southern High-latitude Warm Bias to the Tropical Pacific Climate Pattern?
Hanjun Kim,Sarah M. Kang,Jennifer Kay 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Accurate simulations of the tropical Pacific Ocean in climate model is of critical importance for the credible global climate projections. However, the tropical Pacific has been notorious for its mean-state biases that persisted since the early development of the climate models. To be specific, in recent studies, the overly warm Southern Ocean (SO) associated with cloud biases is suggested to cause excessive precipitation over the southern tropics. Contrary to expectations, hypothetical SO warm bias corrections in fully coupled models had little impact on the tropical precipitation in a number of studies, while couple of other studies reported the alleviation of the tropical precipitation biases. Why does the hypothetical improvement in the SO warm bias alleviate the tropical precipitation biases in some models but not in other models? We address this question by analyzing the Extratropical-Tropical Interaction Model Intercomparison Project (ETIN-MIP) ensemble, where eight fully coupled models are perturbed by identical solar flux reduction between 65°S and 45°S in one experiment (denoted as SEXT). The ETIN-MIP SEXT experiment offers an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the robustness of the hypothesis that remote SO warm bias is a major contributor to the tropical precipitation biases. We demonstrate that correcting the SO warm bias can result in noticeably improved tropical simulations depending on the strength of subtropical stratocumulus cloud feedback. A critical issue is that most current generation climate models substantially underestimate the subtropical stratocumulus cloud feedback strength. Thus, this study highlights the possible underestimation of the remote SO impact on the tropical Pacific climate pattern by most fully coupled models.